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  1. Emergence in evolution and the causal role of synergy
    Autor*in: Corning, Peter A.

    If reductionism and a search for deterministic, predictive 'laws' of nature represented the dominant research strategy – and world view – of the scientific community during the 20th century, 'emergence' has become a major theme, if not the dominant... mehr

     

    If reductionism and a search for deterministic, predictive 'laws' of nature represented the dominant research strategy – and world view – of the scientific community during the 20th century, 'emergence' has become a major theme, if not the dominant approach in the 21st century, reflecting a major shift of focus toward the study of complexity and complex systems. However, this important 'climate change' in the scientific enterprise has been accompanied by much confusion and debate about what exactly emergence is. How do you know it when you see it? Or don't see it? What are its defining properties? Is it possible to predict emergence? And is there more to emergence than meets the eye? Beyond these meta-theoretical issues, there is a deep question that is often skirted, or even ignored. How do we explain emergence? Why does emergence emerge? Here, I will briefly recount the history of this important concept and will address some of the many questions that surround it. I will also consider the distinction between reductionist and holistic approaches to the subject, as well as the distinction between epistemological and ontological emergence (that is, the ability to deduce or predict emergence versus the concrete reality of an emergent phenomenon). I will argue that living systems are irreducibly emergent in both senses and that biological evolution has quintessentially been a creative emergent process that is fully consistent with modern (Darwinian) evolutionary theory. Furthermore, as I will explain, novel 'synergies' of various kinds have been responsible for the 'progressive' evolution of more complex living systems over time. e selective advantages associated with emergent, synergistic effects have played a major causal role in the evolutionary process.

     
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    Quelle: CompaRe
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Teil eines Buches (Kapitel); Teil eines Buches (Kapitel)
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 978-3-7705-5896-4
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung (ZfL)
    Schlagworte: Emergenz; Synergie; Evolution
    Lizenz:

    publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help

    ;

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. A synergetic approach to the dynamics of financial markets
    Autor*in: Borland, Lisa

    'Synergetics', a fascinating interdisciplinary science initially proposed by Hermann Haken in the late 1960s, is a framework for understanding the interaction effects of very large complex systems, with an emphasis on explaining how self-organized... mehr

     

    'Synergetics', a fascinating interdisciplinary science initially proposed by Hermann Haken in the late 1960s, is a framework for understanding the interaction effects of very large complex systems, with an emphasis on explaining how self-organized macroscopic phenomena can emerge as a result of these underlying interactions. An especially exciting aspect is that entirely new and distinct properties of the system can emerge somewhat spontaneously. e approach has seen great success in a host of fields ranging from physics and chemistry to brain science and economics.

     
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    Quelle: CompaRe
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Teil eines Buches (Kapitel); Teil eines Buches (Kapitel)
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 978-3-7705-5896-4
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung (ZfL)
    Schlagworte: Synergie; Kreditmarkt; Selbstregulation; Aktienmarkt
    Lizenz:

    publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. The idea of co-evolution : towards a new evolutionary holism
    Autor*in: Knyazeva, Helena

    Th¬e main principle of holism – "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" – can be traced back to ancient philosophical studies. Although the term itself was coined by Jan Christiaan Smuts in 1926, the earliest formulations can already be found... mehr

     

    Th¬e main principle of holism – "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" – can be traced back to ancient philosophical studies. Although the term itself was coined by Jan Christiaan Smuts in 1926, the earliest formulations can already be found in Taoism, in the philosophy of Lao Tzu, as well as in Aristotle's 'Metaphysics'. However, a complete and profound sense of the principle has only been revealed in such theories as Gestalt psychology (Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer and others), the general systems theory (Ludwig von Bertalanffy), and the theory of complexity (synergetics) as formulated by the Moscow school of synergetics (Sergey Pavlovich Kurdyumov), to name just a few. ¬inking in this direction, from the whole to the parts (subsystems), is quite unusual for classical science which, in its course of analysis, usually moves from distinct parts to the whole. In synergetics, according to Hermann Haken, order parameters determine how parts (subsystems) of complex systems behave. A select few order parameters, as Haken says, encompass the complex behavior of diverse parts and, therefore, lead to enormously reducing the complexity in a description of a given system.

     
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    Quelle: CompaRe
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Teil eines Buches (Kapitel); Teil eines Buches (Kapitel)
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 978-3-7705-5896-4
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung (ZfL)
    Schlagworte: Emergenz; Holismus; Synergie; Coevolution; Haken, Hermann; Interaktion; Kurdjumov, S. P.
    Lizenz:

    publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Historical Semantics and the Iconography of Death in Reinhart Koselleck
    Autor*in: Oncina Coves, Faustino

    Koselleck has repeatedly rejected the existence of a collective memory. All memory derives from individual experiences which are not interchangeable. Any person has the right to his own memories, without which he could not live and which cannot be... mehr

     

    Koselleck has repeatedly rejected the existence of a collective memory. All memory derives from individual experiences which are not interchangeable. Any person has the right to his own memories, without which he could not live and which cannot be collectivized. Only the conditions under which they are realized and recollected may be referred to as supra-individual. For this reason it is advisable to distinguish between the primary experiences of those who have lived them as a first person and who bind them to their own memories, and the secondary experiences after the fact of those who were not present in the situation which gave rise to the immediate experience. This distinction also applies to memorials. The messages of monuments are open to a double exegesis: they evoke the unmistakable occasions that have led to death. Like primary experiences they are not interchangeable. But, even so, artistic responses to incomparable occasions repeat themselves. There is only a limited repertoire of aesthetic solutions for fixating violent death – which individually is always unique – in the memory.

     
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    Hinweise zum Inhalt: kostenfrei
    Quelle: CompaRe
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung (ZfL)
    Schlagworte: Koselleck, Reinhart; Tod; Ikonographie; Begriffsgeschichte <Fach>
    Lizenz:

    publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  5. A new poetics of science : on the establishment of "scientific-fictional literature" in the Soviet Union
    Autor*in: Schwartz, Matthias
    Erschienen: 02.06.2020

    It has been mostly forgotten today that Varlam Shalamov had once identified himself as a passionate supporter of the so-called 'nauchno-khudozhestvennaia literatura'. This term is derived from the Russian term for fiction ('khudozhestvennaia... mehr

     

    It has been mostly forgotten today that Varlam Shalamov had once identified himself as a passionate supporter of the so-called 'nauchno-khudozhestvennaia literatura'. This term is derived from the Russian term for fiction ('khudozhestvennaia literatura') and can be translated as "scientific-fictional literature" but also as "scientific-artistic literature." Hence all of the advocates of the term, including Shalamov, emphatically insisted not only on the "fictionality" ('khudozhestvennost' '), but also on the "skill" or "art" ('iskusstvo') - the "artistic" qualities - as a fundamental element of the new genre, without which its goals could not be achieved. [...] But what kind of genre was this sort of literature, now mostly forgotten, for which Shalamov had so much hope? To answer this question, Matthias Schwartz reconstrucs the conditions in the late 1920s and early 1930s that motivated Maxim Gorky and the then famous children's book author Samuil Marshak, on the eve of the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, to launch this compound adjective, 'nauchno-khudozhestvennaia literatura', and to create a new type of literature located at the intersection of literary fiction and science journalism. In highlighting the main arguments around this literature, Schwartz elaborates how difficult and disputed its constitution was in the course of the gradual establishment of Socialist Realism as the singular aesthetic doctrine for literary production and why it did not succeed in establishing itself as a separate literary genre until the postwar period. In the last section Schwartz analyzes the characteristics of one of the most emblematic works written in this literary field before briefly returning to a more generalizing conclusion and taking a look at the modest afterlife of the genre since the Thaw period.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung
    Hinweise zum Inhalt: kostenfrei
    Quelle: CompaRe
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800); 891.8
    Sammlung: Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung (ZfL)
    Schlagworte: Sowjetunion; Science-Fiction-Literatur
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    ;

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess