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  1. Income, Wealth, and Environmental Inequality in the United States
    Author: Colmer, Jonathan; Qin, Suvy; Voorheis, John L.; Walker, W. Reed
    Published: October 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper explores the relationships between air pollution, income, wealth, and race by combining administrative data from U.S. tax returns between 1979-2016, various measures of air pollution, and sociodemographic information from linked survey and... more

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    This paper explores the relationships between air pollution, income, wealth, and race by combining administrative data from U.S. tax returns between 1979-2016, various measures of air pollution, and sociodemographic information from linked survey and administrative data. In the first year of our data, the relationship between income and ambient pollution levels nationally is approximately zero for both non-Hispanic White and Black individuals. However, at every single percentile of the national income distribution, Black individuals are exposed to, on average, higher levels of pollution than White individuals. By 2016, the relationship between income and air pollution had steepened, primarily for Black individuals, driven by changes in where rich and poor Black individuals live. We utilize quasi-random shocks to income to examine the causal effect of changes in income and wealth on pollution exposure over a five year horizon, finding that these income-pollution elasticities map closely to the values implied by our descriptive patterns. We calculate that Black-White differences in income can explain approximately 10 percent of the observed gap in air pollution levels in 2016

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w33050
    Subjects: Luftverschmutzung; Haushaltseinkommen; Privatvermögen; Ethnische Gruppe; USA; Publicly Provided Goods; Environmental Economics; General
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  2. Wealthy Americans and redistribution
    the role of fairness preferences
    Author: Cohn, Alain; Jessen, Lasse; Klasnja, Marko; Smeets, Paul
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Netspar, Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement, [Tilburg]

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Array ; 2024, 014 (08)
    Subjects: Privatvermögen; Vermögensverteilung; Umverteilung; Meinung; Online-Befragung; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Aktuelle Entwicklungen des Finanzvermögens der österreichischen Haushalte
    erste Ergebnisse für das Jahr 2023
    Author: Reitbrecht, Lisa
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Wien

    Die Finanzentscheidungen der österreichischen Haushalte2 waren 2023 stark von den wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen geprägt, insbesondere vom Zinsumfeld und von der hohen Inflation. Vorläufige Daten zur Geldvermögensbildung im Jahr 2023 zeigen, dass... more

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    Die Finanzentscheidungen der österreichischen Haushalte2 waren 2023 stark von den wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen geprägt, insbesondere vom Zinsumfeld und von der hohen Inflation. Vorläufige Daten zur Geldvermögensbildung im Jahr 2023 zeigen, dass zinsbedingt vor allem gebundene Einlagen und verzinsliche Wertpapiere für Haushalte deutlich attraktiver waren als in den vergangenen Jahren. Der gegenteilige Effekt war bei der Kreditvergabe an Haushalte zu erkennen, welche aufgrund der hohen Zinsen rückläufig ist. Während das netto verfügbare Einkommen und die Konsumausgaben der Haushalte im Jahr 2023 nominell deutlich gestiegen sind, waren bei realer Betrachtung Rückgänge zu verzeichnen.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: OeNB reports ; 2024, 6
    Subjects: Privater Haushalt; Privatvermögen; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung; Österreich
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Transmission mechanisms in HANK: an application to Chile
    Author: García, Benjamín; Giarda, Mario; Lizama, Carlos; Rojas, Ignacio
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Banco Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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    Series: Documentos de trabajo / Banco Central de Chile ; no 1013 (mayo 2024)
    Subjects: Haushaltseinkommen; Risiko; Privatvermögen; Einkommensverteilung; Arbeitsuche; Lohnrigidität; Konsum; Dekompositionsverfahren; Chile
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Asset Demand and Real Interest Rates
    Author: Beaudry, Paul; Kartashova, Katya; Meh, Césaire Assah
    Published: March 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Understanding factors that drive asset demand is central to explaining movements in long-term real interest rates. In this paper, we begin by documenting that much of the increase in the demand for assets in the US in the 30 years prior to Covid... more

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    Understanding factors that drive asset demand is central to explaining movements in long-term real interest rates. In this paper, we begin by documenting that much of the increase in the demand for assets in the US in the 30 years prior to Covid represented greater desire to hold assets by households of given age and income levels. For example, if we focus on the 55-64 age group, its wealth-to-income ratio increased by 45-55%, depending on whether housing is included or not. We then develop a model of asset demands which combines retirement motives and inter-temporal substitution motives to quantitatively explore different factors that may have contributed to such an increase. Our findings suggest that decreasing interest rates likely led to a substantial increase in demand for retirement wealth. We also explore some of the across group heterogeneity and show how social security may explain why the lowest income groups did not follow the general trend. Finally, we discuss macroeconomic implications of long-run asset demands that are a decreasing function of interest rates

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32248
    Subjects: Realzins; Privater Haushalt; Privatvermögen; USA; General
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  6. Financial Windfalls, Portfolio Allocations, and Risk Preferences
    Author: Briggs, Joseph S.; Cesarini, David; Lee, Sean Chanwook; Lindqvist, Erik; Östling, Robert
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We investigate the impact of financial windfalls on household portfolio choices and risk exposure. Exploiting the randomized assignment of lottery prizes in three Swedish lotteries, we find a windfall gain of $100K leads to a 5-percentage-point... more

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    We investigate the impact of financial windfalls on household portfolio choices and risk exposure. Exploiting the randomized assignment of lottery prizes in three Swedish lotteries, we find a windfall gain of $100K leads to a 5-percentage-point decrease in the risky share of household portfolios. We show theoretically that negative wealth effects are consistent with both constant and decreasing relative risk aversion and analyze how our empirical estimates help distinguish between competing models of portfolio choice. We further show our results are quantitatively aligned with the predictions of a calibrated dynamic portfolio choice model with nontradable human capital and consumption habits

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31864
    Subjects: Privater Haushalt; Glücksspiel; Privatvermögen; Anlageverhalten; Risikopräferenz; Schweden; Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions; Household Finance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  7. Behavioral Responses to Wealth Taxation
    Evidence from Colombia
    Author: Londoño Vélez, Juliana; Ávila Mahecha, Javier
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study behavioral responses to personal wealth taxes in Colombia. We utilize tax microdata from 1993 to 2016 linked with the leaked Panama Papers to investigate offshoring to the country's key tax havens. We leverage variation from discrete jumps... more

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    We study behavioral responses to personal wealth taxes in Colombia. We utilize tax microdata from 1993 to 2016 linked with the leaked Panama Papers to investigate offshoring to the country's key tax havens. We leverage variation from discrete jumps in tax liability and four major reforms to the wealth tax system, including changes in tax rates and duration, using bunching and difference-in-difference techniques. We find compelling evidence that taxpayers instantly reduce the wealth they declare in response to a wealth tax. Moreover, these effects can persist for years even after the wealth tax is no longer in place, providing the first evidence of a hysteresis effect for a temporary tax policy. The response is driven by misreporting items that authorities cannot cross-verify, such as overstating debt and understating non-third-party-reported business assets. Additionally, the wealthiest taxpayers respond to wealth tax increases by hiding assets in hard-to-track entities in tax havens

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32134
    Subjects: Privatvermögen; Steuerpolitik; Vermögensteuer; Steuervermeidung; Kolumbien; Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; Tax Evasion and Avoidance; Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. Taxing Top Wealth
    Migration Responses and their Aggregate Economic Implications
    Author: Jakobsen, Katrine; Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen; Kolsrud, Jonas; Landais, Camille; Muñoz, Mathilde
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using administrative data on wealth, firm ownership structure, and migration in Sweden and Denmark, we document international migration patterns among the very wealthy, their impact on the economy, and how they respond to wealth taxation. We show... more

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    Using administrative data on wealth, firm ownership structure, and migration in Sweden and Denmark, we document international migration patterns among the very wealthy, their impact on the economy, and how they respond to wealth taxation. We show that more than 20% of taxpayers liable to pay wealth tax are business-owners, and that the employment, investments, and value-added of these businesses are negatively affected when their owner migrates out of the country. Exploiting three large reforms, we then isolate the causal effect of wealth taxation on the international location choices of the wealthy. We find significant effects on out-migration flows from increases in the effective wealth tax. But, we also document that the overall level of these migration flows is remarkably small, with annual net-migration rates below .01%. As a result, we find that the aggregate economic effects of tax-induced migration are modest in Scandinavia: a one percentage point increase in the average wealth tax rate on the top 2% decreases the stock of wealthy taxpayers by at most 2% in the long run, and lead to a reduction of at most .03% in aggregate employment and at most .1% in aggregate value- added. Hence, our results suggest that trickle-down effects of tax-induced migration by the wealthy do exist, but that they are quantitatively small

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32153
    Subjects: Privatvermögen; Steuerpolitik; Vermögensteuer; Steuerwirkung; Wirkungsanalyse; Unternehmer; Internationale Migration; Wohnstandortwahl; Schweden; Dänemark; Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions; Consumption; Saving; Wealth; General; Household; Entrepreneurship
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  9. Steuerbelastung der Reichen in der Schweiz
    eine vergleichende Analyse aufgrund verschiedener Modellrechnungen
    Author: Martínez, Isabel
    Published: 2024-04
    Publisher:  ETH Zürich, KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle, Zürich

    Die vorliegende Auswertung im Auftrag von Oxfam Deutschland e. V. und dem Netzwerk Steuergerechtigkeit zeigt anhand einer Reihe von Modellhaushalten beispielhaft auf, wie hoch die Steuerbelastung in der Schweiz für reiche und sehr reiche Steuerzahler... more

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    Die vorliegende Auswertung im Auftrag von Oxfam Deutschland e. V. und dem Netzwerk Steuergerechtigkeit zeigt anhand einer Reihe von Modellhaushalten beispielhaft auf, wie hoch die Steuerbelastung in der Schweiz für reiche und sehr reiche Steuerzahler ist, und wie diese im Vergleich zu einer mittelständischen Familie ausfällt. Wie in anderen Ländern haben Millionärs- und Milliardärsfamilien Möglichkeiten, ihre Einkommen aus Unternehmensanteilen zu vergleichsweise günstigen Konditionen zu versteuern. Besonders wer mindestens 10% der Anteile einer Schweizer Unternehmung hält, kommt in den Genuss der privilegierten Besteuerung (während in der Schweiz sonst grundsätzlich gilt, dass alle Einkommen unabhängig von ihrer Quelle gleich besteuert werden). Zudem fallen keine Sozialversicherungsbeiträge an - im Gegensatz zum Lohn. Eine Mittelstandsfamilie muss demgegenüber Sozialversicherungsbeiträge bezahlen und bezahlt darüber hinaus auch die Krankenversicherungsprämien aus eigener Tasche. Diese sind in der Schweiz nicht Einkommensabhängig (wobei Haushalte mit tiefen Einkommen über das kantonale Prämienverbilligungen entlastet werden). Eine besondere Rolle kommt im Schweizer Steuersystem der Vermögenssteuer zu. Wie die vorliegende Untersuchung verdeutlicht, tritt diese indirekt an die Stelle der Einkommenssteuer, wo diese nicht mehr richtig greift. Sie sorgt dafür, dass die Steuerprogression (zumindest innerhalb eines Kantons) eingehalten wird: Auch wer dank sehr hohen Vermögen steuerbefreite Einkommen erzielt, wird via Vermögenssteuer belastet. Zudem zwingt sie die Besitzer dazu, sich einen Teil der Gewinne auszuzahlen, um so die jährliche Steuer zu begleichen. Insgesamt trägt die Vermögenssteuer dazu bei, den Grundsatz der Besteuerung gemäss wirtschaftlicher Leistungsfähigkeit gemäss Art. 127, Abs. 2 der Bundesverfassung einzuhalten.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 20.500.11850/670926
    hdl: 10419/296573
    Series: KOF Studien ; Nr. 178 (April 2024)
    Report / ETH Zürich
    Subjects: Steuerbelastung; Privatvermögen; Vermögensteuer; Schweiz
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Is There Really an Inflation Tax? Not For the Middle Class and the Ultra-Wealthy
    Author: Wolff, Edward N.
    Published: October 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    One hallmark of U.S. monetary policy since the early 1980s has been moderation in inflation (at least, until recently). How has this affected household well-being? The paper first develops a new model to address this issue. The inflation tax on... more

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    One hallmark of U.S. monetary policy since the early 1980s has been moderation in inflation (at least, until recently). How has this affected household well-being? The paper first develops a new model to address this issue. The inflation tax on income is defined as the difference between the nominal and real growth in income. This term is always negative (as long as inflation is positive). The inflation gain on household wealth is the revaluation resulting from asset price changes directly linked to inflation. This term can be positive or negative. The net inflation gain is the difference between the two, which can also be positive or negative. The empirical analysis covers years 1983 to 2019 on the basis of the Federal Reserve Board's Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and historical inflation rates. It also looks at the sensitivity of the results to alternative inflation rates, and considers the effects of inflation on real wealth growth, wealth inequality, and the racial wealth gap. The results show that inflation boosted the real income of the middle wealth quintile by a staggering two thirds. In contrast, the bottom two wealth quintiles got clobbered by inflation, losing almost half of their real income. Inflation also boosted mean and especially median real wealth growth, reduced wealth inequality, and lowered the racial and ethnic wealth gap. Both the income and wealth results are magnified at higher (simulated) rates of inflation

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31775
    Subjects: Inflation; Geldpolitik; Privater Haushalt; Haushaltseinkommen; Privatvermögen; Vermögensverteilung; Verbraucherpreisindex; Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions; Household; Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  11. Richesse et pouvoir
    les grandes fortunes zurichoises entre 1890 et 1952
    Author: Legentilhomme, Geoffroy; Leimgruber, Matthieu
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  URPP Equality of Opportunity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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    Language: French
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    Series: URPP Equality of Opportunity discussion paper series ; no. 35 (September 2023)
    Subjects: Privatvermögen; Vermögensverteilung; Geschichte; Zürich; Schweiz
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Household wealth and entrepreneurial career choices
    evidence from climate disasters
    Author: Cen, Xiao
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working papers / Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau ; 24, 39 (July 2024)
    Subjects: Erwerbstätigkeit; Katastrophe; Privatvermögen; Humankapital; Privater Haushalt; Unternehmensgründung; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Teilentgeltliche Übertragungen von Betriebs- und Privatvermögen in der Einkommensteuer
    Author: Apel, Ulrike
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  GRIN Verlag GmbH, München

  14. Microfinance and the enhancement of economic development in less developed countries
    Author: Schroth, Maximilian
    Published: 2016
    Publisher:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Fuhrmann, Wilfried (Akademischer Betreuer)
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    RVK Categories: QC 347 ; QK 320 ; QM 353
    Subjects: Microfinance; Economic development; Kleinkredit; Mikrofinanzierung; Wirkungsanalyse; Entwicklung; Armut; Bekämpfung; Entwicklungshilfe; Kapitalhilfe; Entwicklungsfinanzierung
    Other subjects: (stw)Mikrofinanzierung; (stw)Wirkungsanalyse; (stw)Entwicklung; (stw)Armutsbekämpfung; (stw)Entwicklungshilfe; (stw)Entwicklungsfinanzierung; (stw)Vierte Welt; microfinance; microcredits; money; capital market; impact; indirect help; economic development; crisis; over-indebtment; consumption; abuse; regulation; McKinnon; less developed countries; fragmentation; financial repression; complementary effect; investment; savings; banking accounts; domestic entrepreneurs; seed-financing; disposable capital; ordo-liberal policies; mobile banking; private wealth; foundations; impact investing; Mikrofinanzierung; Mikrokredite; Geld; Kapitalmarkt; Impact; indirekte Hilfe; wirtschaftliche Entwicklung; Krise; Überschuldung; Konsum; Missbrauch; Regulierung; McKinnon; weniger entwickelte Länder; Fragmentierung; finanzielle Unterdrückung; Komplementaritätseffekt; Investitionen; Sparen; Bankkonto; lokale Unternehmer; Gründungsfinanzierung; Kapitaldisposition; ordo-liberale Politik; mobile banking; Privatvermögen; Stiftungen; Impact Investing; Graue Literatur
    Scope: Online-Ressource
    Notes:

    Dissertation, Potsdam, Universität Potsdam, 2016
  15. The big bang with the big brother
    German unification in its third year
    Author: Siebert, Horst
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  ZBW - Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Kiel

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