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  1. PhD by publication as an argument for innovation and technology transfer
    with emphasis on Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: August 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The contribution of African researchers to knowledge by means of scientific publications is low compared to other regions of the world. This paper presents an argument in favour of PhD by Publication as a tool for innovation and technology transfer.... mehr

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    The contribution of African researchers to knowledge by means of scientific publications is low compared to other regions of the world. This paper presents an argument in favour of PhD by Publication as a tool for innovation and technology transfer. Building on the literature on the key role of a knowledge economy in 21st century development and catch-up processes, we argue that: (i) in order for PhD dissertations to be more useful to society, they should be harmonised with scientific publications which centre on improving the design and quality of existing and new products in developing countries. (ii) Obtaining a doctorate degree should not simply be reduced to a change in candidate's title as is often the case with a traditional thesis. (iii) The PhD by Publication is a more effective route to ensuring that the contribution to knowledge is widely disseminated. The conceptual framework consists primarily of the clarification of the models of PhD by Publication and the linkages between the doctoral education, innovation, technology transfer and development catch-up. Implications for scientific research policies in the light of contemporary challenges to African development are discussed.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/149954
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/030
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  2. Transfer mispricing as an argument for corporate social responsibility
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: August 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This article presents a case for transfer mispricing as an argument for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The argument builds on the position that in order to compensate for potential loss of brand image and reputation, Multinational Companies... mehr

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    This article presents a case for transfer mispricing as an argument for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The argument builds on the position that in order to compensate for potential loss of brand image and reputation, Multinational Companies (MNCs) would be more socially responsible when they are operating in countries where the legislation and laws in place are not effective at identifying and sanctioning transfer mispricing. We first discuss the dark side of transfer pricing (TP), next we present the nexus between TP and poverty and finally we advance arguments for CSR in transfer mispricing. While acknowledging that TP is a legal accounting practice, we argue that in view of its poverty and underdevelopment externalities, the practice per se should be a solid justification for CSR because it is also associated with schemes that deprive developing countries of capital essential for investments in health, education and development programmes. Therefore CSR owing to TP cannot be limited to a strategic management approach, but should also be considered as some kind of social justice because of associated transfer mispricing practices. We further argue that, CSR by multinational corporations could incite domestic companies to comply more willingly with their tax obligations and/or engage in similar activities. Whereas, traditional advocates of CSR have employed concepts such as reputation, licence-to-operate, sustainability, moral obligation and innovation to make the case for CSR, the present inquiry extends this stream of literature by arguing that TP and its externalities are genuine justifications for CSR. We consolidate our arguments with a case study of Glencore and the mining industry in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149955
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/031
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten)
  3. Information asymmetry and market power in the African banking industry
    Autor*in: Boateng, Agyenim; Asongu, Simplice; Akamavi, Raphael; Tchamyou, Vanessa
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the role of information sharing offices and its association with market power in the African banking industry. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks from 42 countries for the period 2001-2011. Five... mehr

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    This study investigates the role of information sharing offices and its association with market power in the African banking industry. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks from 42 countries for the period 2001-2011. Five simultaneity-robust estimation techniques are employed, namely: (i) Two Stage Least Squares; (ii) Instrumental Fixed effects to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (iii) Instrumental Tobit regressions to control for the limited range in the dependent variable; (iv) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to control for persistence in market power and (v) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of market power. The following findings have been established from non-interactive regressions. First, the effects of information sharing offices are significant in Two Stage Least Squares, with a positive effect from private credit bureaus. Second, in GMM, public credit registries increase market power. Third, from Quintile Regressions, private credit bureaus consistently increase market power throughout the conditional distributions of market power. Given that the above findings are contrary to theoretical postulations, we extended the analytical framework with interactive regressions in order to assess whether the anticipated effects can be established if information sharing offices are increased. The extended findings show a: (i) negative net effect from public credit registries on market power in GMM regressions and; (ii) negative net impacts from public credit registries on market power in the 0.25th and 0.50th quintiles of market power.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149956
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/032
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  4. Extending the determinants of dollarization in Sub-Saharan Africa
    the role of easy access to foreign exchange earnings
    Autor*in: Raheem, Ibrahim D.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study argues that the ease at which economic agents have access to foreign earnings would influence/increase the level of dollarization in the economy. The three sources of foreign currency earnings are financial integration, trade openness and... mehr

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    This study argues that the ease at which economic agents have access to foreign earnings would influence/increase the level of dollarization in the economy. The three sources of foreign currency earnings are financial integration, trade openness and natural resource rent. As such, we extend the determinants of dollarization to capture these variables. A dataset of 26 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2001 - 2012 was built. Based on Tobit regression, we found that all the proxies of foreign currency earning, with the exception of natural resource rent, are significant contributors to the increasing rate of dollarization. Specifically, it was found that trade openness and financial liberalization are positive determinants of dollarization, while natural resource rent serves as drag to the dollarization process. These results remain valid to three robustness tests. Policy implications and suggestions for future research were proposed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149957
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 033
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Exploring multidimensional financial inclusion and manufacturing firms performance in a developing country
    the case of Nigeria
    Autor*in: Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Tanankem, Belmondo V.; Asongu, Simplice; Beecroft, Ibukun
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study used the matching technique to explore the impact of financial inclusion on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Most studies that have considered financial inclusion have largely focused on household access to the services... mehr

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    This study used the matching technique to explore the impact of financial inclusion on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Most studies that have considered financial inclusion have largely focused on household access to the services of financial institutions, but have inadvertently underexplored the impact on the performance of firms, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. On the one hand, financial inclusion is measured using a multidimensional measure, which includes (i) firms having between 20-40 percent of their working capital financed through borrowing from the bank; (ii) firms having an overdraft facility to finance their operation and (iii) firms having a line of credit or loan from a financial institution. On the other hand, firm performance is measured using the lag total annual sales value of the firm in local currency unit. From the matching estimation, we find that whereas firms perform better with the aid of access to bank services, the extent differs in relation to the type of access they have. We interpret these results as showing that financial deepening increases firms’ performance only dependent on the type of financial inclusion that is being observed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149967
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 043
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Mobile phones, institutional quality and entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the role of mobile phones in governance for doing business in Sub-Saharan Africa with data from the period 2000-2012 by employing the Generalised Method of Moments. Three broad concepts of governance are explored, namely: (i)... mehr

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    This study investigates the role of mobile phones in governance for doing business in Sub-Saharan Africa with data from the period 2000-2012 by employing the Generalised Method of Moments. Three broad concepts of governance are explored, namely: (i) political (comprising voice & accountability and political stability/no violence), (ii) economic (involving government effectiveness and regulation quality) and (iii) institutional (including corruption-control and rule of law). Ten dimensions of entrepreneurship are considered. Two main findings are established with respect to the net effects of the interaction between mobile phones and governance dynamics. They are (1) reduced cost of business start-up procedure, the time to build a warehouse and the time to resolve an insolvency; (2) increased start-up procedure to register a business; the time to enforce a contract; the time to register a property and time to prepare and pay taxes. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149968
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 044
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  7. Technological advancement and the evolving gender identities
    a focus on the level of female economic participation in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Tanankem, Belmondo V.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: December 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates how technological advancement improves gender identity by means of female economic participation in a panel 48 African countries for the period 1990-2014. Two indicators are used to measure female economic participation,... mehr

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    This study investigates how technological advancement improves gender identity by means of female economic participation in a panel 48 African countries for the period 1990-2014. Two indicators are used to measure female economic participation, namely, the: female labour force participation and employment rates. Technological advancement is measured with three main indicators, notably: internet penetration, mobile phone penetration and fixed broad band subscriptions. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effects and System Generalized Method of Moments regressions. The findings show that improvement in technology increases female economic participation with the following consistent order of increasing magnitude: mobile phone penetration; internet penetration and fixed broad band subscriptions. The findings are robust to the control for: countries' levels in economic development; the use of contemporary technology advancement indicators; internal conflicts and political stability; the level of social globalization and the use of alternative instruments. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149969
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 045
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Determinants of mobile phone penetration
    panel threshold evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Despite the evolving literature on the development benefits of mobile phones, we still know very little about factors that influence their adoption. Using twenty five policy variables, we investigate determinants of mobile phone penetration in 49... mehr

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    Despite the evolving literature on the development benefits of mobile phones, we still know very little about factors that influence their adoption. Using twenty five policy variables, we investigate determinants of mobile phone penetration in 49 Sub-Saharan African countries with data for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary OLS, Fixed effects, System GMM and Quantile regression techniques. The determinants are classified into six policy categories. They are: (i) macroeconomic, (ii) business/bank, (iii) market-related, (iv) knowledge economy, (v) external flows and (vi) human development. Results are presented in terms of threshold and non-threshold effects. The former has three main implications. First, there are increasing positive benefits in regulation quality, human development, foreign investment, education, urban population density and internet penetration. Second, there is evidence of decreasing positive effects from patent applications. Third, increasing negative impacts are established for foreign aid and return on equity. Non-threshold tendencies are discussed. Policy implications are also covered with emphasis on policy syndromes to enhance more targeted implications for worst performing nations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149970
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 046
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)
  9. Fighting capital flight in Africa
    evidence from bundling and unbundling governance
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: April 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the effect of governance on capital flight by bundling and unbundling governance. The empirical evidence is based on 37 African countries for the period 1996-2010 and the Generalised Method of Moments. Governance is bundled by... mehr

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    This study investigates the effect of governance on capital flight by bundling and unbundling governance. The empirical evidence is based on 37 African countries for the period 1996-2010 and the Generalised Method of Moments. Governance is bundled by principal component analysis, namely: (i) political governance from political stability and 'voice and accountability'; (ii) economic governance from government effectiveness and regulation quality and (iii) institutional governance from corruption-control and the rule of law. The following findings are established. (i) Political stability and 'voice and accountability' reduce capital flight while the collective effect of political governance is not significant. (ii) Economic governance increases capital flight whereas the individual effects of regulation quality and government effectiveness are not significant. (iii) Corruption-control and institutional governance negatively affect capital flight whereas the impact of the rule of law is not significant. (iv) Taken together, Corruption-control is the most effective governance weapon in the fight against capital flight. (v) Priority in the Washington Consensus is more effective at fighting capital flight compared to the Beijing Model. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149971
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 047
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  10. Information asymmetry and financial dollarization in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Raheem, Ibrahim D.; Tchamyou, Venessa S.
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Financial dollarization in Sub-Saharan Africa is the most persistent compared to other regions of the world. This study complements the existing scant literature on dollarization in Africa by assessing the role of information sharing offices (public... mehr

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    Financial dollarization in Sub-Saharan Africa is the most persistent compared to other regions of the world. This study complements the existing scant literature on dollarization in Africa by assessing the role of information sharing offices (public credit registries and private credit bureaus) on financial dollarization in 26 countries of SSA for the period 2001-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The findings show that information sharing offices (which are designed to reduce information asymmetry) in the banking industry are a deterrent to dollarization. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149972
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 048
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Not all that glitters is gold
    ICT and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: December 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper examines the short and long term effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on inclusive human development in a panel of 49 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured in terms of mobile phone... mehr

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    This paper examines the short and long term effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on inclusive human development in a panel of 49 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured in terms of mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and telephone penetration rates. While mobile phone penetration has positive short run and long term effects on inclusive human development, the effects of internet and telephone penetrations are insignificant. Moreover, the long term inclusive human development benefits of the mobile phone are higher than the corresponding short term rewards. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149975
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 051
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  12. Tribalism and government effectiveness
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Kodila-Tedika, Oasis
    Erschienen: December 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses the relationship between tribalism (the tribalism index) and government effectiveness (per the World Bank) in 60 countries using cross-sectional data. This study finds that countries with high tribal populations generally enjoy... mehr

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    This study assesses the relationship between tribalism (the tribalism index) and government effectiveness (per the World Bank) in 60 countries using cross-sectional data. This study finds that countries with high tribal populations generally enjoy bad governance in terms of government ineffectiveness. Government ineffectiveness and tribalism are found to mutually reinforce each other in a robust relationship.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149976
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 052
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The costs and benefits of migration into the European Union
    debunking contemporary myths with facts
    Autor*in: Leke, Ivo J.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The purpose of this study is to dispel some myths associated with migrants in order to improve socio-economic appraisal of the consequences of the recent surge of migrants into Europe. We argue that: (i) the concern about loss of Christian cultural... mehr

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    The purpose of this study is to dispel some myths associated with migrants in order to improve socio-economic appraisal of the consequences of the recent surge of migrants into Europe. We argue that: (i) the concern about loss of Christian cultural values is lacking in substance because compared to a relatively near historical epoch or era, very few European citizens do go to Church in contemporary Europe; (ii) the threat to European liberal institutions is falsifiable and statistically fragile because it is not substantiated with significant evidence; (iii) the insignificant proportion of the Moslem population that is aligned with Islamic fundamentalism invalidates the hypothesis on importation of radical Islamic fundamentalism and (iv) the concern about social security burden is relevant only in the short-term because of Europe's ageing population.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149977
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 053
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Diaspora remittance inflow, financial development and the industrialisation of Africa
    Autor*in: Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Asongu, Simplice; Okafor, Chinelo; Tchamyou, Vanessa; Voufo, Belmondo Tanankem
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The paper assesses how remittances directly and indirectly affect industrialisation in a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The indirect impact is assessed through financial development channels. The empirical evidence is based... mehr

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    The paper assesses how remittances directly and indirectly affect industrialisation in a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The indirect impact is assessed through financial development channels. The empirical evidence is based on three interactive and non-interactive simultaneity-robust estimation techniques, namely: (i) Instrumental Fixed Effects (FE) to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to control for persistence in industrialisation and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of industrialisation. The non-interactive specification elucidates direct effects of remittances on industrialisation whereas interactive specifications explain indirect impacts. The findings broadly show that for certain initial levels of industrialisation, remittances can drive industrialisation through the financial development mechanism. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149961
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 037
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The comparative inclusive human development of globalisation in Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the impact of globalisation on inclusive human development in 51 African countries for the period 1996-2011 with particular emphasis on income levels (low income versus middle income), legal origins (English common law versus... mehr

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    This study examines the impact of globalisation on inclusive human development in 51 African countries for the period 1996-2011 with particular emphasis on income levels (low income versus middle income), legal origins (English common law versus French civil law), resource wealth (oil-rich versus oil-poor), landlockedness (landlocked versus unlandlocked), religious domination (Christianity versus Islam) and political stability (stable versus unstable). The empirical evidence is based on instrumental variable panel Fixed effects and Tobit regressions in order to control for the unobserved heteroegeneity and limited range in the dependent variable. Political, economic, social and general globalisation variables are used. Six main hypotheses are investigated. The findings broadly show that middle income, English common law, oil-poor, unlandlocked, Christian-oriented and politically-stable countries are associated with comparatively higher levels of globalisation-driven inclusive human development. Puzzling findings are elucidated and policy implications discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149962
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 038
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  16. Is information diffusion a threat to market power for financial access?
    insights from the African banking industry
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Batuo, Enowbi; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.; Tchamyou, Vanessa
    Erschienen: October 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses how information diffusion dampens the adverse effect of market power on the price and quantity of loans provided by a panel of 162 banks from 39 African countries for the period 2001-2011. The empirical evidence is based on three... mehr

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    This study assesses how information diffusion dampens the adverse effect of market power on the price and quantity of loans provided by a panel of 162 banks from 39 African countries for the period 2001-2011. The empirical evidence is based on three endogenity-robust estimation techniques, namely: (i) Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS), (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and (iii) Instrumental Variable Quantile Regressions (QR). Three key results emerge. First, from the GMM results, a mobile phone penetration rate of 54.29, rising to 57 per 100 people are predicted to neutralise the adverse effect of market power on the average loan price and quantity respectively. Second, from the QR, mobile phone penetration rates of 56.20, 52.04 and 42.76 per 100 people is needed to nullify the negative effect of market power on loan quantity at the 0.10th, 0.25th and 0.90th quintiles respectively. Third, a considerably lower internet penetration rate of 9.49 per 100 people is required to counteract the negative impact of market power on loan quantity at the 0.90th quintile.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149963
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 039
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  17. Essential information sharing thresholds for reducing market power in financial access
    a study of the African banking industry
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Le Roux, Sara; Tchamyou, Vanessa S.
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the role of information sharing offices (public credit registries and private credit bureaus) in reducing market power for financial access in the African banking industry. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162... mehr

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    This study investigates the role of information sharing offices (public credit registries and private credit bureaus) in reducing market power for financial access in the African banking industry. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks from 42 countries for the period 2001-2011. Three simultaneity-robust empirical strategies are employed, namely: (i) Two Stage Least Squares with Fixed Effects in order to account for simultaneity and the observed heterogeneity; (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to control for simultaneity and time-invariant omitted variables and (iii) Instrumental Variable Quantile regressions to account for simultaneity and initial levels of financial access. In order to ensure that information sharing offices influence market power for loan price (quantity) to decrease (increase), public credit registries should have between 3.156% and 3.3% coverage, while private credit bureaus should have between 1.443 and 18.4% coverage. The established thresholds are cut-off points at which information sharing offices completely neutralise the negative effect of market power on financial access. The thresholds are contingent on the dimension (loan price versus loan quantity) and distribution (conditional mean versus conditional distribution) of financial access.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149960
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 036
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  18. Unjust enrichment from official corruption in Africa
    theory and model on how lenders have benefited
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    A 2015 World Bank report on the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) revealed that since the 1990s, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa where about 50 percent of countries in... mehr

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    A 2015 World Bank report on the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) revealed that since the 1990s, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa where about 50 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa did not achieve the MDG extreme poverty target despite the sub-region enjoying more than two decades of GDP growth resurgence. The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First to understand the interconnections between the large pool of capital transferred to the OECD countries and the corrupt deposits of stolen public funds. Second, to illustrate how such diversion of funds overseas are related to the spread of poverty in the African economies. We enunciate a 'poverty multiplier theory' and propose a model for its application within an African context. The 'poverty multiplier theory' postulates that: (i) one unit of currency deposited abroad represents a loss in financial development at home (ii) a fraction of the unit currency placed in foreign bank accounts is redirected to the domestic economy in the form of external debt. This external debt is further siphoned overseas through interest and loan principal repayment. Policy implications of these processes are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149958
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 034
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  19. Conditional linkages between iron ore exports, foreign aid and terrorism
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    We employ interactive quantile regressions to assess conditional linkages between foreign aid, iron ore exports and terrorism from a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008. The following main findings are established. First, it is... mehr

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    We employ interactive quantile regressions to assess conditional linkages between foreign aid, iron ore exports and terrorism from a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008. The following main findings are established. First, it is primarily in the countries with the highest level of iron ore exports that terrorism affects exports. Second, bilateral aid has an impact on iron ore exports, while the evidence for such a relationship between multilateral aid and iron ore exports is limited. Third, there is limited support for the main hypothesis motivating this line of inquiry, notably that foreign aid can be used to mitigate a potentially negative effect of terrorism on resource exports. The results suggest that bilateral aid is more relevant at mitigating the negative effects of domestic and total terrorism on iron ore exports.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149959
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 035
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  20. Rational asymmetric development, Piketty and poverty in Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    An April 2015 World Bank report on the Millennium Development Goal poverty target has revealed that extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa. This study extends the implications of Thomas Piketty's... mehr

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    An April 2015 World Bank report on the Millennium Development Goal poverty target has revealed that extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa. This study extends the implications of Thomas Piketty's celebrated literature from developed countries to the nexus between developed nations and African countries by building on responses from Rogoff (2014) and Stiglitz (2014), post Washington Consensus paradigms and underpinnings from Solow-Swan and Boyce-Fofack-Ndikumana. The central argument presented is that the inequality problem is at the heart of rational asymmetric development between rich and poor countries. Piketty has shown that inequality increases when the return on capital is higher than the growth rate, because the poor cannot catch-up with the rich. We argue that when the return on political economy (or capitalism-fuelled illicit capital flight) is higher than the growth rate in African countries, inequality in development increases and Africa may not catch-up with the developed world. As an ideal solution, Piketty has proposed progressive income taxation based on automatic exchange of bank information. The ideal analogy proposed in tackling the spirit of African poverty is a comprehensive commitment to fighting illicit capital flight based on this. Hence, contrary to theoretical underpinnings of exogenous growth models, catch-up may not be so apparent. Implications for the corresponding upward bias in endogenous development and catch-up literature are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149964
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 040
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Determinants of property rights protection in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Kodila-Tedika, Oasis
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This article complements existing literature by assessing determinants of property rights protection with particular emphasis on history, geography and institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 47 countries... mehr

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    This article complements existing literature by assessing determinants of property rights protection with particular emphasis on history, geography and institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 47 countries for the period 2000-2007. Random effects GLS regressions are employed using property rights measurements from the Mo Ibrahim and Heritage foundations. The results broadly show that ethnic fractionalisation, Polity IV and GDP per capita have positive effects on property rights institutions while the following have negative effects: military rule, the Protestant religion, maturity from colonial independence and population density. The findings have relevant policy implications for countries in the sub-region currently on the path to knowledge-based economies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149965
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16, 041
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  22. Linkages between formal Institutions, ICT adoption and inclusive human development in Sub Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Andrés, Antonio R.; Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich S.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: August 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Using data for 49 African countries over the years spanning 2000-2012, and controlling for a wide range of factors, this study empirically assesses the effects of formal institutions on ICT adoption in developing countries. It deploys 2SLS and FE... mehr

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    Using data for 49 African countries over the years spanning 2000-2012, and controlling for a wide range of factors, this study empirically assesses the effects of formal institutions on ICT adoption in developing countries. It deploys 2SLS and FE regression models, (a) to estimate what determines ICT adoption and (b) to trace how ICT adoption affects inclusive development. The results show that formal institutions affect ICT adoption in this group of countries, with government effectiveness having the largest positive effect and regulations the largest negative effect. Generally, formal institutions appear more important to ICT adoption in low income countries than middle income countries, whereas population and economic growth tend to constrain ICT adoption with low income countries more negatively affected than middle income countries. The results further demonstrate that ICT adoption affects development strongly, and that such effects are comparable to those of domestic credit and foreign direct investment. Ceteris paribus, external factors like foreign aid are more limiting to inclusive development than internal factors. This suggests that developing countries can enhance their ICT adoption for development by improving formal institutions and by strengthening domestic determinants of ICT adoption. Both represent opportunities for further research.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149950
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/026
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  23. Mobile phone innovation and inclusive human development
    evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Boateng, Agyenim; Akamavi, Raphael
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    A recent World Bank report reveals that poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as more than 45% of countries in the sub-region are off-track from achieving the Millennium Development... mehr

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    A recent World Bank report reveals that poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as more than 45% of countries in the sub-region are off-track from achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) extreme poverty target. This paper investigates the effects of mobile phone technology, knowledge creation and diffusion on inclusive human development in 49 SSA countries for the period 2000-2012 using Tobit model. The study finds that mobile phone penetration in SSA is pivotal to sustainable and inclusive human development irrespective of the country's level of income, legal origins, religious orientation and the state of the nation. However, the pupil-teacher ratio exerts a negative influence on inclusive human development. The net effects of interactions between the mobile phone and knowledge diffusion variables are positive.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149951
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/027
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  24. Welfare spending and quality of growth in developing countries
    a note on evidence from hopefuls, contenders and best performers
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: June 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has shifted the policy debate from growth to 'quality of growth' (QG). We explore a new dataset on QG by the IMF and classify 93 developing countries... mehr

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    The transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has shifted the policy debate from growth to 'quality of growth' (QG). We explore a new dataset on QG by the IMF and classify 93 developing countries for the period 1990-2011 in terms of Hopefuls, Contenders and Best Performers. The aims are as follows: (i) to depict the contradiction between high-growth and poor social welfare and (ii) to assess the influence of education and health spending on the QG. We use quantile regressions to articulate least and best QG performers. Two key findings emerge. First, 31 of the 33 countries in the Hopefuls category are in SSA. Second, the effect of health is decreasingly positive from Hopefuls to Best Performers, while the impact of education is increasingly positive. As a main policy implication, it would benefit countries in SSA to invest more in health relative to education now, but decrease such health expenditure and increase education spending as the economies in the sub-region make the transition from Hopeful to Contenders and finally to Best Performers in terms of 'quality of growth'.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149952
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/028
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten)
  25. Mobile phones in the diffusion of knowledge and persistence in inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The success of inclusive development strategies in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda depends substantially on the adoption of common inclusive development policies among nations. Building on the relevance of a knowledge economy in the... mehr

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    The success of inclusive development strategies in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda depends substantially on the adoption of common inclusive development policies among nations. Building on the relevance of a knowledge economy in the post-2015 development agenda, this study models the feasibility of common policies for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). More specifically, we investigate the complementary role of knowledge diffusion in the inclusive benefits of mobile phone penetration in SSA from 2000 to 2012 by employing the Generalised Method of Moments. Knowledge diffusion variables include educational quality, innovation and internet penetration. The main finding is that inclusive human development is persistently conditional on mobile phones in knowledge diffusion. Moreover, countries with low levels of inclusive human development are catching-up their counterparts with higher development. Policy implications are discussed with particular emphasis on how to leverage common knowledge economy initiatives for inclusive development.

     
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    hdl: 10419/149933
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/16/009
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)