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  1. Natural resource exports, foreign aid and terrorism
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Linkages between foreign aid, terrorism and natural resource (fuel and iron ore) exports are investigated in this study. The focus is on 78 developing countries with data for the period 1984 to 2008. The generalised method of moment is employed as... mehr

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    Linkages between foreign aid, terrorism and natural resource (fuel and iron ore) exports are investigated in this study. The focus is on 78 developing countries with data for the period 1984 to 2008. The generalised method of moment is employed as empirical strategy. Three main foreign aid variables are used for the analysis, namely: bilateral aid, multilateral aid and total aid. The corresponding terrorism variables employed are: domestic terrorism, transnational terrorism, unclear terrorism and total terrorism. The following findings are established. First, the criteria informing the validity of specifications corresponding to iron ore exports do not hold. Second, there is evidence of convergence in fuel exports. Third, whereas the unconditional impacts of aid dynamics are not significant, the unconditional impacts of terrorism dynamics are consistently positive on fuel exports. Fourth, the interaction between terrorism and aid dynamics consistently display negative signs, with corresponding modifying aid thresholds within respective ranges. Unexpected signs are elicited and policy implications discussed. Given the unexpected results, an extended analysis is performed in which net effects are computed. These net effects are constitutive of the unconditional effect from terrorism and the conditional impacts from the interaction between foreign aid and terrorism dynamics. Based on the extended analysis, bilateral aid and total aid modulate terrorism dynamics to induce net positive effects on fuel exports while multilateral aid moderates terrorism dynamics to engender negative net effects on fuel exports. The research improves extant knowledge on nexuses between resources, terrorism and foreign aid.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204993
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 023
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  2. Renewable energy, trade performance and the conditional role of finance and institutional capacity of sub-Sahara African countries
    Autor*in: Akinyemi, Opeyemi; Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Asongu, Simplice; Osabuohein, Evans
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The paper investigates the dynamic relationship between renewable energy usage and trade performance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), while considering the conditioning role of corruption control, regulatory quality, and the private sector access to... mehr

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    The paper investigates the dynamic relationship between renewable energy usage and trade performance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), while considering the conditioning role of corruption control, regulatory quality, and the private sector access to finance. Focusing on 42 SSA countries for the period 2004-2016, and engaging the System generalized method of moments (GMM) technique for its estimation, this study found a negative relationship between renewable energy usage and the indicators of trade performance. However, with corruption control, improved regulatory framework, and better finance for the private sector, there are potentials for a positive net impact of renewable energy usage on manufacturing export. For renewable energy and total trade nexus, we find that improved regulatory framework and better finance for the private sector are important conditioning structures. These findings are significant because they highlight the different important structures of SSA countries that improve the effect of renewable energy use on trade outcomes. For instance, the consideration of the financial, institutional and regulatory frameworks in SSA countries in conditioning the renewable energy-trade nexus stipulates a clear policy pathway for countries in this region as the debate for transition to the use of renewable energy progresses.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205002
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 032
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Inequality thresholds, governance and gender economic inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Inequality and gender economic exclusion are major policy concerns facing sub-Saharan Africa in the post-2015 development agenda. The study provides critical masses of inequality that should not be exceeded if governance is to promote gender economic... mehr

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    Inequality and gender economic exclusion are major policy concerns facing sub-Saharan Africa in the post-2015 development agenda. The study provides critical masses of inequality that should not be exceeded if governance is to promote gender economic participation. The research focuses on 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa using annual data spanning from 2004 to 2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, inequality (i.e. the Gini coefficient) levels that completely nullify the positive effect of governance on female labour force participation are 0.708 for political stability, 0.601 for voice & accountability, 0.588 for government effectiveness, 0.631 for regulatory quality, 0.612 for the rule of law, and 0.550 for corruption control. Second, inequality thresholds at which female unemployment can no longer be mitigated by governance channels include: 0.561 (for political stability) and 0.465 (for the rule of law). Third, inequality levels that completely dampen the positive impact of governance on female employment are 0.608 for political stability, 0.580 for voice & accountability, 0.581 for government effectiveness, and 0.557 for the rule of law. As the main policy implication, for good governance to promote gender economic inclusion, inequality levels should not exceed established thresholds.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205003
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 033
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. How enhancing gender inclusion affects inequality
    thresholds of complementary policies for sustainable development
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates how enhancing gender inclusion affects inequality in 42 African countries for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini... mehr

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    This study investigates how enhancing gender inclusion affects inequality in 42 African countries for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, and Palma ratio. The two gender inclusion measurements used include female labour force participation and female employment. The following main findings are established. There are positive net effects on inequality from the enhancement of gender inclusion dynamics. An extended threshold analysis is used to assess critical masses at which further increasing gender inclusion enhances inequality. The established thresholds are: (i) 55.555 "employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%)"for the nexus with the Gini coefficient. (ii) 50 "labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+)" and between 50 to 55 "employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%)", for the Atkinson index. (iii) 61.87 "labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+)" for the Palma ratio.These established thresholds are worthwhile for sustainable development because, beyond the critical masses, policy makers should complement the gender inclusion policy with other measures designed to reduce income inequality. Some complementary measures that can be taken on board beyond the established thresholds could focus on enhancing, inter alia: information and communication technology, infrastructural development; financial inclusion and inclusive education.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205004
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 034
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  5. Inequality, information technology and inclusive education in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Orim, Stella-Maris I.; Nting, Rexon T.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines linkages between inequality, information and communication technology (ICT) and inclusive education in order to establish inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in 42... mehr

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    This study examines linkages between inequality, information and communication technology (ICT) and inclusive education in order to establish inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, a Gini coefficient and an Atkinson index of respectively, 0.400 and 0.625 are income inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for internet penetration to positively influence inclusive education. Second, a Gini coefficient, an Atkinson index and a Palma ratio of respectively, 0.574, 0.676 and 9.000 are thresholds of income inequality that if exceeded, fixed broadband subscriptions will no longer positively affect inclusive education. As a main policy implication, the established inequality thresholds should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in sampled countries. Other implications in the light of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205005
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 035
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  6. Global tourism and waves of terror
    perspectives from military expenditure
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Acha-Anyi, Paul N.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study complements existing literature by investigating how military expenditure can modulate the effect of terrorism externalities on tourism. The geographical and temporal scopes are 163 countries and the period 2010-2015. The empirical... mehr

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    This study complements existing literature by investigating how military expenditure can modulate the effect of terrorism externalities on tourism. The geographical and temporal scopes are 163 countries and the period 2010-2015. The empirical evidence is based on negative binomial regressions. Terrorism externalities are measured in terms of terror-related incidents, injuries, fatalities and damaged properties. We find that military expenditure significantly lessens the destructive impact of these terror-related incidents in order to induce positive net effects on tourism. This finding is robust to all measurements of terrorism. Homicides and violent demonstrations reduce tourists' arrivals whereas the rate of incarceration of convicted offenders has the opposite effect. The analysis is extended to income levels and regions in order to provide more opportunities for policy implications. Justifications for differences in these comparative tendencies are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205032
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 062
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  7. Global shocks alert and monetary policy responses
    Autor*in: Shobande, Olatunji Abdul; Shodipe, Oladimeji Tomiwa; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study examines the role of global predictors on national monetary policy formation for Kenya and Ghana within the New Keynesian DSGE framework. We developed and automatically calibrated our DSGE model using the Bayesian estimator, which made our... mehr

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    The study examines the role of global predictors on national monetary policy formation for Kenya and Ghana within the New Keynesian DSGE framework. We developed and automatically calibrated our DSGE model using the Bayesian estimator, which made our model robust to rigorous stochastic number of subjective choices. Our simulation result indicates that global factors account for the inability of national Central Banks to predict the behaviour of macroeconomic and financial variables among these developing nations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227944
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 066
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. House prices and tourism development in Cyprus
    a contemporary perspective
    Autor*in: Alola, Andrew A.; Asongu, Simplice; Alola, Uju V.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the nexus between tourism development and house prices in the Republic of Cyprus over the period spanning from 2005Q1 to 2016Q4. Tourism indicators vis-à-vis tourism arrivals along with other explanatory variables (domestic... mehr

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    This study investigates the nexus between tourism development and house prices in the Republic of Cyprus over the period spanning from 2005Q1 to 2016Q4. Tourism indicators vis-à-vis tourism arrivals along with other explanatory variables (domestic credit, land area per person, and the consumer price index) are employed in a multivariate Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)-bound test model. The empirical results indicate a significant evidence of cointegration. Indicatively, an observed adjustment of about 44% from short-run to long-run implies that the model is not relatively slow to adjust to disequilibrium. Importantly, a percent increase in tourism arrivals is observed to cause a rise in house price by about 37%. Expectedly, it is statistically observed that as the land area per person decreases, it is accompanied by a hike in house price. Also, the impacts of domestic credit offered to private enterprises and the consumer price index are different from the results in previous studies. As a policy guide, the government of Cyprus and stakeholders in the tourism and housing sectors should outline a strategy that will ensure the social welfare of people such that housing availability is not hampered by tourism activities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227945
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 067
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The persistence of weapons
    global evidence
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates persistence (or hysteresis) in weapons using a panel of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The following are some main findings. (i) Compared to countries that are landlocked, persistence in heavy weapons is more... mehr

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    This study investigates persistence (or hysteresis) in weapons using a panel of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The following are some main findings. (i) Compared to countries that are landlocked, persistence in heavy weapons is more apparent in nations that are open to the sea. (ii) Relative to the Middle East & North Africa (MENA), heavy weapons is more persistent in the East Asia and the Pacific countries. This tendency is consistent with "weapons imports". (vi) Evidence of persistence is not very apparent in "weapons imports" with the exception of the fact that it is higher in low income countries, compared to their high income counterparts. Hence, there is less hysteresis in weapons exports when compared with heavy weapons when weapons exports. (v) The determinants of persistence employed in the conditioning information set are contingent on fundamental characteristics and panels. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227946
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 068
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  10. The impact of CSR interventions on female education development in the rural Niger Delta region of Nigeria
    Autor*in: Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) interventions in female education programmes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of 800 rural women... mehr

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    The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) interventions in female education programmes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of 800 rural women were sampled across the region. The results from the logit model showed that rural women depended on CSR interventions of MOCs to address some of the logistical and cultural challenges associated with women’s access to post-secondary education in local communities. However, despite the significant success in supporting education initiatives generally, none of the scholarships target females specifically, and compared to men, the low level of human capital in rural women has persisted. This implies that if CSR interventions are not tailored to enhance gender diversity and promote economic opportunities for women alongside education, they may perpetuate the obstruction of women's participation in economic, political and social development. By extension, this could delay the reduction of poverty and attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in the Niger Delta region.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227948
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 070
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The comparative African regional economics of globalization in financial allocation efficiency
    pre-crisis era revisited
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nnanna, Joseph; Tchamyou, Vanessa
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study assesses the role of globalization-fuelled regionalization policies on financial allocation efficiency in four economic and monetary regions in Africa for the period 1980 to 2008. Banking system and financial system efficiency proxies are... mehr

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    The study assesses the role of globalization-fuelled regionalization policies on financial allocation efficiency in four economic and monetary regions in Africa for the period 1980 to 2008. Banking system and financial system efficiency proxies are used as dependent variables whereas seven bundled and unbundled globalization variables are employed as independent indicators. The bundling exercise is achieved by means of principal component analysis while the empirical evidence is based on interactive Fixed Effects regressions. The following findings are established. First, financial allocation efficiency is more sensitive to financial openness compared to trade openness and most sensitive to globalization. The relationship between allocation efficiency and globalization-fuelled regionalization policies is: (i) Kuznets or inverted U-shape in the UEMOA and CEMAC zones (evidence of decreasing returns to allocation efficiency from globalization-fuelled regionalization) and (ii) U-shape overwhelmingly in the COMESA and scantily in the EAC (increasing returns to allocation efficiency from globalization-fuelled regionalization). Established shapes are relevant to specific globalization dynamics within regions. Economic and monetary regions are more prone to surplus liquidity than purely economic regions. Policy implications and measures of fighting surplus liquidity are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227963
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 085
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten)
  12. Foreign aid volatility and lifelong learning
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper has put a demand-side empirical structure to the hypothesis that foreign aid volatility adversely affects choices to lifelong learning in recipient countries. Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during primary,... mehr

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    This paper has put a demand-side empirical structure to the hypothesis that foreign aid volatility adversely affects choices to lifelong learning in recipient countries. Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during primary, secondary and tertiary educational enrolments. Three types of aggregate foreign aid volatilities are computed in a twofold manner: baseline standard deviations and standard errors (standard deviations of residuals after first-order autoregressive processes). An endogeneity robust system GMM empirical strategy is employed. The findings broadly show that foreign aid volatility does not adversely affect the demand-side choices of lifelong learning in Africa. As a policy implication, when faced with aid uncertainty, the demand for education would increase. This may be explained by the need for more selfreliance in order to mitigate income risks or/and the use of education as means of coping with uncertainty. More policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227964
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 086
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  13. Thresholds of income inequality that mitigate the role of gender inclusive education in promoting gender economic inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study provides thresholds of inequality that should not be exceeded if gender inclusive education is to enhance gender inclusive formal economic participation in sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of... mehr

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    This study provides thresholds of inequality that should not be exceeded if gender inclusive education is to enhance gender inclusive formal economic participation in sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments and data from 42 countries during the period 2004-2014. The following findings are established. First, inclusive tertiary education unconditionally promotes gender economic inclusion while the interaction between tertiary education and inequality is unfavourable to gender economic inclusion. Second, a Gini coefficient that nullifies the positive incidence of inclusive tertiary education on female labour force participation is 0.562. Second, the Gini coefficient and the Palma ratio that crowd-out the negative unconditional effects of inclusive tertiary education on female unemployment are 0.547 and 6.118, respectively. Third, a 0.578 Gini coefficient, a 0.680 Atkinson index and a 6.557 Palma ratio are critical masses that wipe-out the positive unconditional effects of inclusive tertiary education on female employment. Findings associated with lower levels of education are not significant. As the main policy implication, income inequality should not be tolerated above the established thresholds in order for gender inclusive education to promote gender inclusive formal economic participation. Other implications are discussed in the light of Sustainable Development Goals. This research complements the existing literature by providing inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for gender inclusive education to promote the involvement of women in the formal economic sector.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227965
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 087
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  14. Fighting terrorism in Africa when existing terrorism levels matter
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Tchamyou, Vanessa; Asongu, Ndemaze; Tchamyou, Nina P.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines policy tools in the fight against terrorism when existing levels of terrorism matter in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and Instrumental Variable... mehr

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    This study examines policy tools in the fight against terrorism when existing levels of terrorism matter in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and Instrumental Variable Quantile regressions (QR) which enable the investigation throughout the conditional distributions of domestic, transnational and total terrorism dynamics. The following findings are established. First, counterterrorism policy instruments of inclusive human development and military expenditure further fuel terrorim. Second, political stability negatively affects terrorism with a negative threshold effect. Political stability estimates are consistently significant with increasing negative magnitudes throughout the conditional distributions of domestic and total terrorism. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227962
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 084
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  15. Revisiting the trade and unemployment nexus
    empirical evidence from the Nigerian economy
    Autor*in: Onifade, Stephen T.; Ay, Ahmet; Asongu, Simplice; Bekun, Festus Victor
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The recent exacerbation of unemployment crisis in Nigeria stands to be a serious threat to both socio-economic stability and progress of the country just as the report from the nation's bureau of statistics shows that at least over 8.5 million people... mehr

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    The recent exacerbation of unemployment crisis in Nigeria stands to be a serious threat to both socio-economic stability and progress of the country just as the report from the nation's bureau of statistics shows that at least over 8.5 million people had no gainful employment at all as at the last quarter of the year 2017. It is on the above premise, that the present study explores the link between trade and unemployment for the case of Nigeria with the intention of exploring how the unemployment crisis has been impacted within the dynamics of the country's trade performance. The empirical evidence shows that the nation's terms of trade were insignificant to unemployment rate while trade openness and domestic investment, on the other hand, have significant opposing impacts on unemployment in Nigeria over the period of the study. Further breakdowns from the empirical analysis also revealed that the Philips curves proposition is valid within the Nigerian economic context while the evidences for the validity of Okun's law only exist in the short-run scenario. Based on the empirical results, we recommend that concerted effort should be geared toward stimulating domestic investment by providing adequate financial and infrastructural facilities that will promote ease of doing business while utmost precautions are taken to ensure that unemployment crisis is not exacerbated when combating inflation in the economy in the wake of dynamic trade relations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227957
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 079
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  16. Market power and cost efficiency in the African banking industry
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nting, Rexon T.; Nnanna, Joseph
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Purpose- In this study, we test the so-called 'Quiet Life Hypothesis' (QLH) which postulates that banks with market power are less efficient. Design/methodology/approach- We employ instrumental variable Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effects, Tobit... mehr

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    Purpose- In this study, we test the so-called 'Quiet Life Hypothesis' (QLH) which postulates that banks with market power are less efficient. Design/methodology/approach- We employ instrumental variable Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effects, Tobit and Logistic regressions. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks consisting of 42 African countries for the period 2001-2011. There is a two-step analytical procedure. First, we estimate Lerner indices and cost efficiency scores. Then, we regress cost efficiency scores on Lerner indices contingent on bank characteristics, market features and the unobserved heterogeneity. Findings- The empirical evidence does not support the QLH because market power is positively associated with cost efficiency. Originality/value- Owing to data availability constraints, this is one of the few studies to test the QLH in African banking.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227958
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 080
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  17. Inequality and gender inclusion
    minimum ICT policy thresholds for promoting female employment in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study assesses how ICT modulates the effect of inequality on female economic participation in a panel of 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indicators are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the... mehr

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    The study assesses how ICT modulates the effect of inequality on female economic participation in a panel of 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indicators are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. The adopted ICT indicators are mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. Three gender economic inclusion indicators are also used for the analysis, namely: female labour force participation, female unemployment and female employment. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as empirical strategy. The findings show that enhancing ICT beyond certain thresholds is necessary for ICT to mitigate inequality in order to enhance gender economic participation. First, for female labour force participation, a minimum threshold of 165.714 mobile phone penetration per 100 people is required for the Palma ratio. Second, minimum ICT thresholds for the reduction of female unemployment are: (i) 87.783, 107.486 and 152.500 mobile phone penetration per 100 people for respectively, the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio; (ii) 39.618 internet penetration per 100 people for the Atkinson index and (iii) 4.500 fixed broadband subscriptions for the Palma ratio. Third, the corresponding ICT thresholds for the promotion of female employment are: (i) 120.369 and 85.533 mobile phone penetration per 100 people for respectively, the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index and (ii) 30.005 internet penetration per 100 people for the Gini coefficient. The established thresholds make economic sense and can be feasibly implemented by policy makers in order to induce favourable effects on gender economic inclusion dynamics.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227949
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 076
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Farmers' food price volatility and Nigeria's growth enhancement support scheme
    Autor*in: Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The prices of food in Nigeria have become considerably higher and more volatile since 2012. The aim of this research was to ascertain factors affecting farmers' involvement in the growth enhancement support programme (GESS) in the country. We... mehr

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    The prices of food in Nigeria have become considerably higher and more volatile since 2012. The aim of this research was to ascertain factors affecting farmers' involvement in the growth enhancement support programme (GESS) in the country. We ascertained the effect of the GESS on the handiness of market information and agricultural inputs that impact on price volatility at farm gate level. In number, 600 rural farmers were sampled across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results obtained from the use of a bivariate probit model show that farmers relied on the GESS for resolving food price volatility by making available the food market information and agricultural inputs that cut down the incidence and degree of panic-compelled price increment in Nigeria. The findings suggested the need to enhance the GESS in line with the agricultural transformation agenda (ATA) by reducing the hindrances mostly connected to the use of mobile phones, and how far the registration and collection centers are.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227950
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 075
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The conditional relationship between renewable energy and environmental quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Iheonu, Chimere Okechukwu; Odo, Kingsley O.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper complements existing literature by assessing the conditional relationship between renewable energy and environmental quality in a sample of 40 African countries for the period 2002 to 2017. The empirical evidence is based on fixed effects... mehr

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    This paper complements existing literature by assessing the conditional relationship between renewable energy and environmental quality in a sample of 40 African countries for the period 2002 to 2017. The empirical evidence is based on fixed effects regressions and quantile fixed effects regressions. The findings from both estimation techniques show that renewable energy consistently decreases carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Moreover, the negative effect is a decreasing function of CO2 emissions or the negative effect of renewable energy on CO2 emissions decreases with increasing levels of CO2 emissions. In other words, countries with higher levels of CO2 emissions consistently experience a less negative effect compared to their counterparts with lower levels of CO2 emissions. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227951
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 074
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  20. Building knowledge-based economies in Africa
    a systematic review of policies and strategies
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Compared to other regions of the world, Africa is lagging in its drive toward knowledgebased economies. This study systematically reviews the literature in order to highlight the policies and strategies with which African countries can accelerate... mehr

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    Compared to other regions of the world, Africa is lagging in its drive toward knowledgebased economies. This study systematically reviews the literature in order to highlight the policies and strategies with which African countries can accelerate their current drive towards building knowledge-based economies. These are discussed in terms of three pillars of the World Bank’s knowledge economy framework. They are the indices for: (i) education and skilled population, (ii) information and communication technology and (iii) economic incentives and institutional regime.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227953
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 072
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  21. REER imbalances and macroeconomic adjustments
    evidence from the CEMAC zone
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nnanna, Joseph
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The EMU crisis holds special lessons for existing monetary unions. We assess the behavior of real effective exchange rates (REERs) of members of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) zone with respect to their long-term... mehr

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    The EMU crisis holds special lessons for existing monetary unions. We assess the behavior of real effective exchange rates (REERs) of members of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) zone with respect to their long-term equilibrium paths. A reduced form of the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) model is estimated and associated misalignments. Our findings suggest that for majority of countries, macroeconomic fundamentals have the expected associations with the exchange rate fluctuations. The analysis also reveals that only the REER adjustments of Cameroon and Gabon are significant in restoring the long-term equilibrium in event of a shock. The Cameroonian economic fundamentals of terms of trade, government expenditure and openness have different long-term relations with the REER in comparison to those of other member states. There is no need for an adjustment in the level of the peg based on the present quantitative analysis of REER paths.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227954
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 071
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten)
  22. Corporate social responsibility in Nigeria and multinational corporations in the fight against human trafficking in oil-producing communities
    Autor*in: Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    In Nigeria, human trafficking is a hidden crime, driven by the current economic situation of the country. The Nigerian government has demonstrated significant efforts to combating human trafficking in the country by creating the National Agency for... mehr

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    In Nigeria, human trafficking is a hidden crime, driven by the current economic situation of the country. The Nigerian government has demonstrated significant efforts to combating human trafficking in the country by creating the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP). The incidents of human trafficking in the Nigeria’s oil-producing communities have remained among the highest in the country and higher than the national average. The objective of this investigation was to determine the impact of a new corporate social responsibility (CSR) model of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on the fight against human trafficking in the host communities. A total of one thousand, two hundred households were sampled across the rural communities of Niger Delta. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicated that MOCs hold the key to combating human trafficking by fostering effective partnership across different sectors, if highest CSR priority is assigned to reducing incidents of human trafficking in the oil-producing communities. Embracing the fight against human trafficking should form the foundation of General Memorandum of Understanding (GMoUs) practice, which in turn will provide the enabling environment for more widespread responsible business. As most of the human trafficking in the Niger Delta is exploited by relatives or friends; MOCs should involve traditional and religious leaders in the fight and set up GMoU clusters interventions specifically for anti-trafficking agencies including NAPTIP, the police and immigration to support their actions and improve efficiency.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205026
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 056
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  23. Linkages and spillover effects of South African foreign direct investment in Botswana and Kenya
    Autor*in: Nandonde, Felix Adamu; Adu-Gyamfi, Richard; Mmusi, TinayeSonto; Wamalwa, Herbert; Asongu, Simplice; Opperman, Johannes Pieter; Makindara, Jeremiah R.
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    In recent decades, the impact of South African foreign direct investment in Africa has been captured by research and policy. This paper investigates linkages and spillover effects of South African foreign direct investment in Botswana and Kenya. The... mehr

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    In recent decades, the impact of South African foreign direct investment in Africa has been captured by research and policy. This paper investigates linkages and spillover effects of South African foreign direct investment in Botswana and Kenya. The study uses primary data to investigate qualitative implications. The findings reveal that South African firms operate in sectors including retail, food-processing, and information and communication technology. Linkages forged in these sectors include supply, employee, joint venture, service, and institutional nexuses. Supply and service linkages create observable spillovers which point to the fact that younger local firms tend to benefit from South African firms in terms of technology transfer and training opportunities. Host country policymakers are therefore encouraged to provide favourable incentives for foreign direct investment to promote entrepreneurship. Other policy implications are also discussed.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292566876
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    hdl: 10419/211288
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2019, 53
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  24. FDI in selected developing countries
    evidence from bundling and unbundling governance
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The objective of this study is to assess governance drivers of FDI in a panel of BRICS and MINT countries for the period 2001-2011. We bundle and unbundle governance determinants using a battery of contemporary and non-contemporary estimation... mehr

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    The objective of this study is to assess governance drivers of FDI in a panel of BRICS and MINT countries for the period 2001-2011. We bundle and unbundle governance determinants using a battery of contemporary and non-contemporary estimation techniques. Our findings reveal the following: Firstly, for both contemporary and non-contemporary specifications, while the majority of our governance determinants of Gross FDI are significant, they are overwhelmingly insignificant for Net FDI. Secondly, the significance of the governance dynamics in increasing order of magnitude are general governance, political governance, economic governance, political stability, regulation quality and government effectiveness. Thirdly, for non-contemporary specifications, the significance of governance variables is as follows in ascending order of magnitude: economic governance, institutional governance, general governance, corruption-control, political governance and political stability. The importance of combining governance indicators is captured by the effects of political governance, economic governance and institutional governance. The results indicate that the simultaneous implementation of the various components of governance clarifies a country’s attractiveness for FDI location. Policy implications are discussed with particular emphasis on the timing of FDI and its targeting.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205027
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 057
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  25. Homicide and social media
    global empirical evidence
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the relationship between social media and homicide in a cross section of 148 countries for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Tobit and Quantile regressions. The findings from Ordinary... mehr

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    This study investigates the relationship between social media and homicide in a cross section of 148 countries for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Tobit and Quantile regressions. The findings from Ordinary Least Squares and Tobit regressions show a negative relationship between Facebook penetration and the homicide rate. The negative relationship is driven by the 75th quantile of the conditional distribution of the homicide rate. The negative nexus is also driven by upper middle income countries and "Europe and Central Asia". Three main implications are apparent when the findings are compared and contrasted. First, established findings from OLS and Tobit regressions are driven by countries with above-median levels of homicide. Second, such above-median countries are largely associated with upper middle income countries and nations in "Europe and Central Asia". Third, modelling the relationship between Facebook penetration and homicide at the conditional mean of homicide may be misleading unless it is contingent on initial levels of homicide and tailored differently across income levels and regions of the world.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205019
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 049
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)