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  1. Macroeconomic conditions and child schooling in Turkey
    Autor*in: Güneş, Pinar Mine; Ural Marchand, Beyza
    Erschienen: July 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the effects of macroeconomic shocks on child schooling in Turkey using household labor force surveys from 2005-2013. We use variation in local labor demand as an instrumental variable, particularly regional industry composition... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of macroeconomic shocks on child schooling in Turkey using household labor force surveys from 2005-2013. We use variation in local labor demand as an instrumental variable, particularly regional industry composition and national industry employment growth rates. The results demonstrate that child schooling is pro-cyclical in Turkey, with the most acute effects among children with less educated parents and living in rural areas. Finally, as hypothesized, we find asymmetric effects on child schooling based on skill composition of economic growth. Higher unemployment among unskilled workers increases schooling, whereas higher unemployment among skilled workers decreases schooling.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/185146
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11686
    Schlagworte: schooling; unemployment; business cycles; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Employment participation, unemployment and non market work
    composition models of the United States labour force
    Autor*in: Jackson, Laurence Fraser; Khaled, Mohammed S.
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  Victoria University of Wellington, School of Economics and Finance, Wellington

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10063/6893
    Schriftenreihe: SEF working paper ; 2018, 1
    Schlagworte: Composition models; unemployment; gross flows data; labor force status; US labor force; log ratio models; rationing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The economic impacts of constraining second home investments
    Autor*in: Hilber, Christian; Schöni, Olivier
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CEP discussion paper ; no 1556 (July 2018)
    Schlagworte: second homes; wealth inequality; land use regulation; housing policy; house prices; unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Employer characteristics and youth employment outcomes in the formal sector in South Africa
    assessment using administrative tax data
    Autor*in: Ngandu, Stewart; Chisadza, Carolyn
    Erschienen: August 2018
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Through the use of administrative tax data, this study attempts to identify the characteristics of firms that employ relatively large numbers of young people. The policy objective of this exercise is to use these insights to inform policy and... mehr

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    Through the use of administrative tax data, this study attempts to identify the characteristics of firms that employ relatively large numbers of young people. The policy objective of this exercise is to use these insights to inform policy and programming in the context of youth unemployment, particularly regarding where efforts to intensify youth absorption into employment should be focused to ensure maximum impact in addressing the problem of low youth employment in South Africa. Given the nature of this new data set, we adopt an explorative approach and make use of various econometric models to conduct the analysis within the limitations of the variables in different tax data sets. The novelty of this paper is that it uses unique administrative tax micro-data sets, which allows us to explore the relationship between firm characteristics and youth employment in South Africa with a significantly large sample size.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292565244
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/190131
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2018, 82
    Schlagworte: Administrative data; tax; firm level; firm behaviour; employment; unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Labour markets in the time of coronavirus: measuring excess
    Autor*in: Wadsworth, Jonathan
    Erschienen: July 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    No matter the cause, recessions are usually accompanied by some combination of job loss, hiring freezes, wage cuts or hours reductions. In a rapidly evolving economic crisis there is a need for timely information to assess labour market performance... mehr

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    No matter the cause, recessions are usually accompanied by some combination of job loss, hiring freezes, wage cuts or hours reductions. In a rapidly evolving economic crisis there is a need for timely information to assess labour market performance and develop strategies to address the problems that emerge. Household labour force surveys are not point-in-time data, but do offer the opportunity to analyse a broader range of outcomes not readily available in administrative data. They can also be utilised at higher frequencies than is normally associated with them. In what follows, the weekly information contained in the UK Labour Force Survey is tracked for several labour market outcomes from the first week of 2020 and onward as the Covid-19 crisis developed in spring 2020. The indicators are presented in "excess" form to gauge how far the 2020 incidence of a particular outcome differs from its weekly norm. It seems that the most common metrics of labour market performance, like unemployment or wage rates, show little departure from recent norms over the first few months of the crisis. The initial margins of adjustment were instead some cumulative 50 million more weekly workplace absences than usual during lockdown, notable hours reductions of up to 25% among the majority who carried on working, together equivalent to around 3 weeks of lost working for the whole workforce, allied to a notable stalling of hiring that had already begun several weeks before lockdown.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223971
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13529
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; unemployment; hours; wages; hiring
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Subsidizing domestic services as a tool to fight unemployment: effectiveness and hidden costs
    Autor*in: Leduc, Elisabeth; Tojerow, Ilan
    Erschienen: July 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    European countries have increasingly adopted wage subsidies for the sector of domestic services to reduce low-skilled unemployment. Yet, empirical evidence on their effectiveness is scarce. In this paper, we use Belgian administrative data to... mehr

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    European countries have increasingly adopted wage subsidies for the sector of domestic services to reduce low-skilled unemployment. Yet, empirical evidence on their effectiveness is scarce. In this paper, we use Belgian administrative data to estimate how participation in the subsidized domestic services sector impacts the labour market outcomes of program participants. Our identification strategy rests on a dynamic event study difference-in-differences model combined with coarsened exact matching. Our findings indicate that such subsidies can be effective in reducing unemployment and inactivity, but only by increasing employment within the subsidized domestic services sector. We also find that program participation deteriorates physical health, thus increasing the worker's probability of claiming disability insurance benefits.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223986
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13544
    Schlagworte: wage subsidies; low-skilled workers; unemployment; disability; domestic services; personal and household services; female employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Does government-backed lending prevent unemployment?
    an assessment of the Swiss COVID-19 lending program
    Autor*in: Kaufmann, Daniel
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Université de Neuchâtel, Institute de Recherches Économiques, [Neuchâtel]

    This paper identifies the effect of variation in government-backed loan supply on unemployment exploiting regional variation in the Swiss COVID-19 lending program. The rules of the program introduce variation in loan supply across Cantons. This... mehr

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    This paper identifies the effect of variation in government-backed loan supply on unemployment exploiting regional variation in the Swiss COVID-19 lending program. The rules of the program introduce variation in loan supply across Cantons. This variation helps disentangling supply from demand effects. Higher loan supply reduces unemployment. Increasing the volume by CHF 100,000 saves between 0.22 and 0.29 jobs. Therefore, loan supply has to expand by between CHF 344,800 and CHF 454,500 to save one job. Taking into account that some of the borrowers default, saving one job costs the government between CHF 39,700 and CHF 52,400 per year. These costs are somewhat lower than unemployment benefits associated with the median income.

     
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    hdl: 10419/238293
    Schriftenreihe: IRENE working paper ; 20, 10
    Schlagworte: Government-backed lending; targeted lending; unemployment; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Endogenous growth, skill obsolescence and output hysteresis in a New Keynesian model with unemployment
    Autor*in: Lechthaler, Wolfgang; Tesfaselassie, Mewael F.
    Erschienen: 08/2020
    Verlag:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    We embed human capital-based endogenous growth into a New-Keynesian model with search and matching frictions in the labor market and skill obsolescence from long-term unemployment. The model can account for key features of the Great Recession: a... mehr

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    We embed human capital-based endogenous growth into a New-Keynesian model with search and matching frictions in the labor market and skill obsolescence from long-term unemployment. The model can account for key features of the Great Recession: a decline in productivity growth, the relative stability of inflation despite a pronounced fall in output (the "missing disinflation puzzle"), and a permanent gap between output and the pre-crisis trend output. In the model, lower aggregate demand raises unemployment and the training costs associated with skill obsolescence. Lower employment hinders learning-by-doing, which slows down human capital accumulation, feeding back into even fewer vacancies than justified by the demand shock alone. These feedback channels mitigate the disinflationary effect of the demand shock while amplifying its contractionary effect on output. The temporary growth slowdown translates into output hysteresis (permanently lower output and labor productivity).

     
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    hdl: 10419/224060
    Schriftenreihe: Kiel working paper ; no. 2162 (August 2020)
    Schlagworte: endogenous growth; search and matching; unemployment; nominal rigidity; monetary policy; output hysteresis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The intergenerational effects of requiring unemployment benefit recipients to engage in non-search activities
    Autor*in: Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Dahmann, Sarah C.; Gielen, Anne C.
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We use a quasi-experimental design and national administrative data to analyze the intergenerational effects of introducing non-search activity requirements for unemployment benefit recipients. The Mutual Obligations Initiative (MOI) required people... mehr

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    We use a quasi-experimental design and national administrative data to analyze the intergenerational effects of introducing non-search activity requirements for unemployment benefit recipients. The Mutual Obligations Initiative (MOI) required people aged 18-34 receiving unemployment benefits to undertake a range of non-search activities (e.g., volunteering, training) in addition to job search. The young adults (aged 23-28) we study were in early adolescence in 1999 when the MOI was introduced. Using a regression discontinuity approach, we find that those young adults whose fathers were subject to the MOI have a lower incidence of unemployment benefit receipt in comparison to those whose fathers were not. More detailed investigation suggests that completion of the mandated activities, role modeling, changes in attitudes, improved health, and greater support and stability are potential channels for this effect.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227145
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13618
    Schlagworte: Mutual Obligations Initiative; active labor market policy; unemployment; intergenerational treatment effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Does the unemployment rate moderate the well-being disadvantage of the unemployed?
    within-region estimates from the European Social Survey
    Autor*in: Hajdu, Gábor; Hajdu, Tamás
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest

    Using eight waves of the European Social Survey, we analysed how the local unemployment rate influences the well-being disadvantages of the unemployed. We estimate region fixed effects and slopes models that, unlike the standard region fixed effects... mehr

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    Using eight waves of the European Social Survey, we analysed how the local unemployment rate influences the well-being disadvantages of the unemployed. We estimate region fixed effects and slopes models that, unlike the standard region fixed effects approach, provide an unbiased estimate of the cross-level interaction term (the term between being unemployed and the unemployment rate). We find that the satisfaction of unemployed people (relative to employed people) is lower when the unemployment rate is higher. The results are similar for the depression scores, but the differences are smaller and insignificant regarding the happiness scores. Our results do not support the “social norm of unemployment” hypothesis that states that the negative impacts of unemployment are smaller if the unemployment rate is higher. In contrast, these results are in line with the argument that worse re-employment perspectives in high-unemployment regions may be particularly harmful to unemployed people. We note that these results do not contradict the claim that, in regions with a weaker social norm to work, unemployed people may be more satisfied. Instead, the results suggest that the unemployment rate is not a good proxy for the social norm to work

     
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    hdl: 10419/237525
    Schriftenreihe: CERS-IE working papers ; CERS-IE WP - 2020, 35 (September 2020)
    Schlagworte: unemployment; subjective well-being; unemployment rate; life satisfaction; happiness; European Social Survey; ESS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The role of unemployment and job change when estimating the returns to migration
    Autor*in: Emmler, Julian; Fitzenberger, Bernd
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Estimating the returns to migration from East to West Germany, we focus on pre-migration employment dynamics, earnings uncertainty, and job change. Migrants are found to be negatively selected with respect to labor market outcomes, with a large drop... mehr

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    Estimating the returns to migration from East to West Germany, we focus on pre-migration employment dynamics, earnings uncertainty, and job change. Migrants are found to be negatively selected with respect to labor market outcomes, with a large drop in earnings and employment during the last few months before migration. We find sizeable positive earnings and employment gains of migration both in comparison to staying or job change. The gains vary considerably with pre-migration earnings and with the counterfactual considered. Future migrants have worse expectations for their labor market prospects in the East and migrants show a greater openness to mobility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227267
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13740
    Schlagworte: migration; returns; selection; unemployment; moving costs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa Seiten)
  12. Lives saved during economic downturns: evidence from Australia
    Autor*in: Atalay, Kadir; Edwards, Rebecca; Schurer, Stefanie; Ubilava, David
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Worldwide, countries have been restricting work and social activities to counter an emerging public health crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic. These measures have caused dramatic increases in unemployment in the short run, with an expected... mehr

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    Worldwide, countries have been restricting work and social activities to counter an emerging public health crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic. These measures have caused dramatic increases in unemployment in the short run, with an expected deepening of the recession in the long run. Some commentators argue that the "draconian measures" will do more harm than good due to the economic contraction, despite a large literature that finds mortality rates decline during recessions. We estimate the relationship between unemployment, a widely accepted proxy for economic climate, and mortality in Australia, a country with universal health care. Using administrative time-series data on mortality that varies by state, age, sex, and cause of death collected for the years 1979-2017, we find no relationship between unemployment and mortality on average. However, we observe beneficial health effects in economic downturns for young men aged 25 to 34 associated with a reduction in vehicle transport accidents. Our estimates imply 425 fewer deaths if Reserve Bank of Australia expectations of a doubling of unemployment rates are realized by the end of 2020. For the early 1980s, we also find a procyclical pattern in the mortality rates of infants. However, this pattern disappears starting from the mid-1980s, coincident with the full implementation of universal health care in Australia in 1984. Our results suggest that universal health care may insulate individuals from the health effects of macroeconomic fluctuations. We conclude that the economic recession is an unlikely mediator for pandemic-related deaths in Australia.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227269
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13742
    Schlagworte: mortality; health; recessions; unemployment; macroeconomic conditions; Australia; COVID-19; pandemic; universal healthcare
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Parental unemployment, social insurance and child well-being across countries
    Autor*in: Hansen, Kerstin F.; Stutzer, Alois
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Based on a unique repeated cross-sectional data set of school-aged children in Europe, the Middle East and North America, we analyze how children's subjective well-being is related to parents' employment status, depending on the institutional... mehr

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    Based on a unique repeated cross-sectional data set of school-aged children in Europe, the Middle East and North America, we analyze how children's subjective well-being is related to parents' employment status, depending on the institutional context. We find that parental unemployment is strongly negatively related to children's life satisfaction across countries and years. The effect is thereby moderated by the generosity of unemployment benefits. Exploiting across- and within-country variation, our results suggest that a higher benefit replacement rate alleviates the negative effects of fathers', but not mothers', unemployment. We further test the robustness of our results considering unemployment benefits jointly with social work norms. While the buffering effect of unemployment insurance remains, the spillover effects of paternal unemployment seem to be more pronounced in environments with stricter social work norms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227279
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13752
    Schlagworte: unemployment; parental unemployment; children; child wellbeing; subjective well-being; unemployment insurance; social work norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Estimating a new Keynesian wage Phillips curve
    Autor*in: Dadam, Vincent; Viegi, Nicola
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Economic Research Southern Africa, [Cape Town]

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    Schriftenreihe: ERSA working paper ; 847
    Schlagworte: Wage rigidities; unemployment; labour market; Phillips Curve; New Keynesian
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Risk sharing within the firm
    a primer
    Autor*in: Pagano, Marco
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  EIEF, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: EIEF working paper ; 20, 19 (July 2020)
    Schlagworte: risk sharing; insurance; unemployment; public safety net; trade unions; implicit contracts; family firms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. A congestion theory of unemployment fluctuations
    Autor*in: Mercan, Yusuf; Schoefer, Benjamin; Sedlácek, Petr
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In recessions, unemployment increases despite the - perhaps counterintuitive - fact that the number of unemployed workers finding jobs expands. On net, unemployment rises only because even more workers lose their jobs. We propose a theory of... mehr

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    In recessions, unemployment increases despite the - perhaps counterintuitive - fact that the number of unemployed workers finding jobs expands. On net, unemployment rises only because even more workers lose their jobs. We propose a theory of unemployment fluctuations resting on this countercyclicality of gross flows from unemployment into employment. In recessions, the abundance of new hires "congests" the jobs the unemployed fill, diminishes their marginal product and discourages further job creation. Countercyclical congestion alone explains about 30 - 40 percent of U.S. unemployment fluctuations. Besides generating realistic labor market volatility, it also provides a unified explanation for the cyclical labor wedge, the excess earnings losses from job displacement and from graduating during recessions, and the insensitivity of unemployment to labor market policies, such as unemployment insurance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/229549
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8731 (2020)
    Schlagworte: Theorie der Arbeitslosigkeit; Konjunktur; Arbeitsmobilität; Personalbeschaffung; USA; unemployment; business cycles; recessions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The impact of extreme weather on temporary work absence
    Autor*in: Spencer, Nekeisha; Urquhart, Mikhail-Ann
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    The study examines the impact that extreme weather has on temporary work absence in Jamaica, a central concern given the country’s negative experience with such events. The study uses quarterly data containing key labour market indicators on an... mehr

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    The study examines the impact that extreme weather has on temporary work absence in Jamaica, a central concern given the country’s negative experience with such events. The study uses quarterly data containing key labour market indicators on an unbalanced panel of individuals along with climatic data for the period 2004 to 2014. The findings are several. Firstly, neither excess rainfall nor hurricane affects the odds of being temporarily absent from work. However, including interactions between these weather variables and other key labour market indicators show that only excess rainfall increases the odds of being temporarily absent from work. Secondly, the estimated increase due to excess rainfall translates into a probability of 0.002 per cent of being temporarily absent. Although very marginal, this estimated outcome of excess rainfall is plausible given that workers may be unable to navigate flooded roads to attend work or perhaps are confined due to unforeseen conditions arising in their home environment. Thirdly, using compensation of salaried employees which includes salaries and benefits, we calculated that the average estimated cost of temporary daily absence from work to the labour market is approximately US$2.81. The estimated results and losses, though negligible, can possibly have implications for the labour market which may involve developing e-commuting policies to combat these unfavourable outcomes. The absence of an impact as it relates to hurricanes possibly indicates that existing mechanisms are working to mitigate storm impacts, or the closure of workplaces due to disruptions in the economy from storm occurrences, results in no work.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220343449; 9789220343456; 9789220343463
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263096
    Schriftenreihe: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 30 (May/2021)
    Schlagworte: labour force participation; unemployment; leave of absence; labour legislation; natural disasters; statistics
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  18. Hurricanes and their implications for unemployment
    evidence from the Caribbean
    Autor*in: Mohan, Preeya; Strobl, Eric
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Although extreme climate events pose significant challenges to labour markets, there is a paucity of empirical literature studying their impacts. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of hurricane strikes on unemployment across a sample... mehr

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    Although extreme climate events pose significant challenges to labour markets, there is a paucity of empirical literature studying their impacts. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of hurricane strikes on unemployment across a sample of Caribbean countries. In breaking down the unemployment data, our findings demonstrate that there is very little difference in the impact for adult males and females as well as male youth, however female youth may be slightly more disadvantaged. Finally, labour legislation appears to provide some mitigating impact from hurricane strikes Although extreme climate events pose significant challenges to labour markets, there is a paucity of empirical literature studying their impacts. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of hurricane strikes on unemployment across a sample of Caribbean countries. To do so we constructed a country- and time-varying database of unemployment, hurricane damages, and labour legislation. We then applied a time series cross section model to estimate the contemporaneous and lagged impacts of hurricane destruction. The role of country differences in labour legislation in dampening or exacerbating these effects, was also investigated. Our results suggest that hurricanes in the Caribbean have a downward impact on unemployment, with lagged impacts of up to four years after a disaster strikes. Part of the reason for this fall was a decline in labour force participation rate, however, there was no evidence that greater employment or migration played a role. In breaking down the unemployment data, our findings demonstrate that there is very little difference in the impact for adult males and females as well as male youth, however female youth may be slightly more disadvantaged. Finally, labour legislation appears to provide some mitigating impact from hurricane strikes.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220335864; 9789220335871; 9789220335888
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    Schriftenreihe: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 26 (March/2021)
    Schlagworte: labour force participation; unemployment; labour legislation; natural disasters; statistics
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  19. The economic consequences of major tax cuts for the rich
    Autor*in: Hope, David; Limberg, Julian
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  International Inequalities Institute, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / LSE International Inequalities Institute ; 55 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Tax cuts for the rich; income inequality; growth; unemployment; difference-in-differences; Mahalanobis matching
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  20. The implications of worker and firm heterogeneity for unemployment and selfemployment in Ethiopia
    Autor*in: Poschke, Markus
    Erschienen: January 2020
    Verlag:  International Growth Centre, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Growth Centre
    Schlagworte: unemployment; labor market frictions; self-employment; occupational choice; entrepreneurship; firm size; productivity
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  21. The welfare effects of mandatory reemployment programs: combining a structural model and experimental data
    Autor*in: Maibom, Jonas
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper estimates a structural model of job search which accounts for utility costs and benefits linked to mandatory reemployment programs. The estimation uses data from a randomized experiment which generates exogenous variation in the threat of... mehr

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    This paper estimates a structural model of job search which accounts for utility costs and benefits linked to mandatory reemployment programs. The estimation uses data from a randomized experiment which generates exogenous variation in the threat of program participation. I use the compensating variation (CV) as a measure of the impact of the experimental treatment on worker welfare, the welfare costs. I find that participants would be willing to give up 1.5–1.7 weeks of UI on average to avoid participation in the program, although the program has a positive effect on the job finding rate. Welfare costs vary across workers and are found to be larger for workers with weaker employment prospects. Overall, the analysis shows that the welfare costs are substantial and therefore necessary to take into account when evaluating the case for mandatory reemployment programs.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14866
    Schlagworte: unemployment; job search; activation; active labor market program
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  22. Refugee migration, labor demand,and local employment
    Autor*in: Auer, Daniel; Götz, Lilia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Whether or not immigration negatively affects the labor market outcomes of natives is an ongoing debate. One of the challenges for empirical evidence is the simultaneity of supply- and demand-side effects. To isolate the demand side, we focus on... mehr

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    Whether or not immigration negatively affects the labor market outcomes of natives is an ongoing debate. One of the challenges for empirical evidence is the simultaneity of supply- and demand-side effects. To isolate the demand side, we focus on recent refugees in Germany who are exogenously allocated to districts and largely excluded from the labor market. Using panel data of all German districts between 2010 and 2018 and leveraging variation in the local stock of asylum seekers, we find that 1,000 asylum seekers create 267 jobs on average in a district. This growth effect is mainly driven by a demand for additional labor in service, public administration, and social work. As a consequence, we also observe a significant reduction in the local unemployment rate when more refugees arrive. The dynamic panel data estimates are robust to various sensitivity checks and two different instrumental variable approaches. Quantifying the demand side of immigration adds to our understanding of local labor market dynamics in an increasingly mobile world.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 989
    Schlagworte: labor demand; refugee migration; employment growth; unemployment
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  23. Sexual orientation discrimination in the labor market against gay men
    Autor*in: Drydakis, Nick
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The study replicates the first European field experiment on gay men's labor market prospects in Greece. Utilizing the same protocol as the original study in 2006-2007, two follow-up field experiments took place in 2013-2014 and 2018-2019. The study... mehr

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    The study replicates the first European field experiment on gay men's labor market prospects in Greece. Utilizing the same protocol as the original study in 2006-2007, two follow-up field experiments took place in 2013-2014 and 2018-2019. The study estimated that gay men experienced occupational access constraints and wage sorting in vacancies offering lower remuneration. It was found that in 2013-2014 and 2018-2019, gay men experienced increasingly biased treatment compared to 2006-2007. Moreover, the results suggested that unemployment bore an association with occupational access constraints and wage sorting in vacancies offering lower remuneration for gay men. In each of the three experiments, this study captured recruiters' attitudes toward gay men. A one standard deviation increase in taste-discrimination attitudes against gay men decreased their access to occupations by 9.6%. Furthermore, a one standard deviation increase in statistical-discrimination attitudes against gay men decreased their access to occupations by 8.1%. According to the findings, in 2013-2014 and 2018-2019, firms excluding gay applicants expressed a higher level of taste- and statistical-discrimination attitudes compared to 2006-2007. A gay rights backlash due to the LGBTIQ+ group's attempt to advance its agenda, rising far-right rhetoric, and prejudice associated with economic downturns experienced in Greece might correspond with increasing biases against gay men.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245722
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14671
    Schlagworte: field experiment; sexual orientation; hiring discrimination; wage sorting; replication; backlash; unemployment; economic recession
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  24. Nonlinear unemployment effects of the inflation tax
    Autor*in: Lahcen, Mohammed Ait; Baughman, Garth; Rabinovich, Stanislav; Buggenum, Hugo van
    Erschienen: June 25, 2021
    Verlag:  Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: June 25, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Finance and economics discussion series ; 2021, 040
    Schlagworte: money; search; inflation; unemployment; unemployment volatility; fundamen-tal surplus; product-labor market interaction
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  25. In and out of unemployment - labour market dynamics and the role of testosterone
    Autor*in: Eibich, Peter; Kanabar, Ricky; Plum, Alexander; Schmied, Julian
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany

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    Schriftenreihe: MPIDR working paper ; WP 2020, 033 (September 2020)
    Schlagworte: labour market dynamics; unemployment; testosterone; random-effects probit
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