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  1. Unemployment in a commodity-rich economy
    how relevant is dutch disease?
    Autor*in: Kulish, Mariano; Morley, James C.; Yamout, Nadine; Zanetti, Francesco
    Erschienen: 26 April 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP19023
    Schlagworte: Dutch Disease; commodity prices; unemployment; structural change; struc-tural transformation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The unemployment-inflation trade-off revisited
    the Phillips curve in COVID times
    Autor*in: Crump, Richard K.; Eusepi, Stefano; Giannoni, Marc Paolo; Şahin, Ayşegül
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of New York, [New York, NY]

    Using a New Keynesian Phillips curve, we document the rapid and persistent increase in the natural rate of unemployment, ∗ , in the aftermath of the pandemic and characterize its implications for inflation dynamics. While the bulk of the inflation... mehr

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    Using a New Keynesian Phillips curve, we document the rapid and persistent increase in the natural rate of unemployment, ∗ , in the aftermath of the pandemic and characterize its implications for inflation dynamics. While the bulk of the inflation surge is attributed to temporary supply factors, we also find an important role for current and expected negative unemployment gaps. Through the lens of the model, the 2022-23 disinflation was driven by the expectation that the unemployment gap will close through a progressive decline in ∗ and a rise in the unemployment rate. This implies that convergence to long-run price stability depends critically on expectations about labor market tightness. Using a variety of cross-sectional data sources, we provide corroborating evidence of unusually tight labor market conditions, consistent with our estimated rise in ∗ .

     
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    hdl: 10419/300452
    Schriftenreihe: Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York ; no. 1086 (March 2024)
    Schlagworte: Phillips curve; unemployment; inflation; natural rate of unemployment; expectations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Can voluntary adult education reduce unemployment?
    causal evidence from East Germany after reunification
    Autor*in: Rupieper, Li Kathrin Kaja; Thomsen, Stephan L.
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    After the German Reunification in 1990, East Germany transitioned from a centrally planned economic system to a market economy. At the time, upskilling through adult education was deemed essential for the successful integration of the workforce into... mehr

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    After the German Reunification in 1990, East Germany transitioned from a centrally planned economic system to a market economy. At the time, upskilling through adult education was deemed essential for the successful integration of the workforce into the labor market. Besides substantial mandatory training programs provided by active labor market policies, Volkshochschulen (VHS) were the most important providers of voluntary adult education. The economic effects of their courses have not been analyzed so far. Based on newly digitized data, we evaluate the effects of VHS courses on unemployment in a county-level analysis of East Germany between 1991 and 2002. Our identification strategy is based on a decentralized expansion of courses, which led to substantial and quasi-random variation in course numbers. We find no evidence that VHS courses harmed labor market integrations, in contrast to some active labor market policies. Courses did not affect subsequent unemployment on average. Yet, in counties neighboring West Germany, we find that courses reduced unemployment. Low labor demand may have restricted the realization of education effects. As both work-related and purely recreational courses reduced unemployment in counties bordering West Germany, our results also hint towards the relevance of social capital for successful labor market integrations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/295802
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16779
    Schlagworte: Erwachsenenbildung; Volkshochschule; Berufliche Fortbildung; Beschäftigungsfähigkeit; Berufliche Qualifikation; Informelles Lernen; unemployment; adult education; non-formal education; Volkshochschule; East Germany
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Predicting re‑employment
    machine learning versus assessments by unemployed workers and by their caseworkers
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Kunaschk, Max; Lang, Julia; Stephan, Gesine; Uhlendorff, Arne
    Erschienen: 8. February 2024
    Verlag:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg, Germany

    We analyze unique data on three sources of information on the probability of re‑employment within 6 months (RE6), for the same individuals sampled from the inflow into unemployment. First, they were asked for their perceived probability of RE6.... mehr

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    We analyze unique data on three sources of information on the probability of re‑employment within 6 months (RE6), for the same individuals sampled from the inflow into unemployment. First, they were asked for their perceived probability of RE6. Second, their caseworkers revealed whether they expected RE6. Third, random‑forest machine learning methods are trained on administrative data on the full inflow, to predict individual RE6. We compare the predictive performance of these measures and consider how combinations improve this performance. We show that self‑reported (and to a lesser extent caseworker) assessments sometimes contain information not captured by the machine learning algorithm. Der Beitrag nutzt drei Informationsquellen zur Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Wiederbeschäftigung innerhalb von sechs Monaten nach Eintritt in die Arbeitslosigkeit. Erstens wurden Arbeitslose kurz nach Beginn der Arbeitslosigkeit nach ihrer selbstwahrgenommenen Wiederbeschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit gefragt. Zweitens werden die Ergebnisse eines Profilings durch Vermittlungsfachkräfte ausgewertet. Drittens wird die individuelle Wiederbeschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit mit Methoden des maschinellen Lernens auf Basis von administrativen Daten vorhergesagt. Wir vergleichen die Prognosegüte dieser drei Ansätze und überprüfen, wie Kombinationen der Ansätze die Prognosegüte verbessern können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Selbsteinschätzungen von Arbeitslosen (und in geringerem Maße auch die Einschätzungen der Vermittlungsfachkräfte) teilweise Informationen enthalten, die von dem Algorithmus für maschinelles Lernen nicht erfasst werden.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/294149
    Schriftenreihe: IAB-discussion paper ; 2024, 03
    Schlagworte: unemployment; expectations; prediction; random forest; unemployment insurance; information
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Immigrants' returns intentions and job search behavior when the home country is unsafe
    Autor*in: Bassetto, Jacopo; Freitas Monteiro, Teresa
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Migration is often temporary, and the intended length of stay in the host country is an important determinant of immigrants' labor market behavior, human capital investment, and socioeconomic integration. In this paper, we investigate whether safety... mehr

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    Migration is often temporary, and the intended length of stay in the host country is an important determinant of immigrants' labor market behavior, human capital investment, and socioeconomic integration. In this paper, we investigate whether safety conditions in the home country affect immigrants' return intentions and job search behavior. We combine administrative and survey data with precise information on terrorist attacks worldwide. Our identification strategy exploits the quasi-random occurrence of terrorist attacks in the home country relative to the timing of interviews and job separations in Germany. We show that immigrants interviewed after a terrorist attack in their home country are 12 percentage points more likely to wish to remain in Germany permanently. Immigrants react more strongly if they are less integrated in Germany and have close family members in their home country. Consistent with the prediction that revisions to the intended length of stay affect immigrants' labor market behavior, we show that immigrants who enter unemployment when a terrorist event hits their home country are 1.8 percentage points more likely to be employed within three months than immigrants who enter unemployment in quiet times. Among those who find employment within three months, immigrants who experience terror events receive lower hourly wages and are more likely to work part-time. These results suggest that immigrants who enter unemployment in a month with high levels of violence in the home country trade immediate job security for lower earnings and less-productive firms.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/295997
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10908 (2024)
    Schlagworte: immigration; uncertainty; violence; return migration; unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Assessing labor market conditions in Canada with public-use microdata
    Autor*in: Lalé, Etienne
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We extend Nakamura et al. (2019, 2020)'s approach of using the publicly available microdata files of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) to construct worker transition rates across employment, unemployment, and inactivity. Our approach involves estimating... mehr

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    We extend Nakamura et al. (2019, 2020)'s approach of using the publicly available microdata files of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) to construct worker transition rates across employment, unemployment, and inactivity. Our approach involves estimating and applying a scaling factor that has been proposed in earlier research as a way of capturing the relative intensity of job search from inactivity compared to unemployment. This factor provides enough structure to prevent arbitrary splitting of unemployment outflows between employment and inactivity. In turn, the estimated job search factor can be used in a few simple step-by-step instructions applied to the LFS public files to assess near real-time labor market conditions in Canada. An analysis of the recent dynamics of worker flows illustrating the practicality of our approach highlights that transition rates: (a) from employment to unemployment have fallen over time (b) from unemployment to employment were unusually high during the pandemic and (c) have regional differences.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282849
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16722
    Schlagworte: employment; unemployment; labor force participation; gross worker flows
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Contract terms, employment shocks, and default in credit cards
    Autor*in: Castellanos, Sara G.; Jiménez Hernández, Diego; Mahajan, Aprajit; Alcaraz Prous, Eduardo; Seira, Enrique
    Erschienen: 2024
    Verlag:  Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, [Berkeley, CA]

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    Schriftenreihe: CUDARE working papers
    Schlagworte: unemployment; credit default; minimum payment; interest rates; financial inclusion; moral hazard; credit cards
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. How cyclical is the user cost of labor?
    Autor*in: Kudlyak, Marianna
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In employment relationships, a wage is an installment payment on an implicit long-term agreement between a worker and a firm. The price of labor that impacts firm's hiring decisions, instead, reflects the hiring wage as well as the impact of economic... mehr

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    In employment relationships, a wage is an installment payment on an implicit long-term agreement between a worker and a firm. The price of labor that impacts firm's hiring decisions, instead, reflects the hiring wage as well as the impact of economic conditions at the time of hiring on future wages. Measured by the labor's user cost, the price of labor is substantially more pro-cyclical than the new-hire wage or the average wage. The strong procyclicality of the price of labor calls for other forces for cyclical labor demand to explain employment fluctuations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/295911
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16888
    Schlagworte: user cost of labor; wages; cyclicality; wage rigidity; unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Life-cycle worker flows and cross-country differences in aggregate employment
    Autor*in: Créchet, Jonathan; Lalé, Etienne; Tarasonis, Linas
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Cross-country employment differences are concentrated among women, the youth, and older individuals. In this paper, we document how worker flows between employment, unemployment, and out of the labor force vary by gender and age and contribute to... mehr

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    Cross-country employment differences are concentrated among women, the youth, and older individuals. In this paper, we document how worker flows between employment, unemployment, and out of the labor force vary by gender and age and contribute to aggregate employment differences across a large panel of European countries. We then build a life-cycle Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model capturing the salient features of our data. Key elements of the model are an extensive margin (i.e., labor force participation) and intensive margin (i.e., variable intensity) of search effort. The model attributes a major role to the production technology in driving differences in aggregate employment, while labor-market policies play a minor role. Search effort substantially amplifies the effects of technology across gender and age groups and is a prominent proximate cause of the cross-country variation in aggregate employment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/295901
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16878
    Schlagworte: employment; unemployment; labor force participation; life cycle; worker flows; labor market institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Youth and the just transition
    a profile of young NEET in Mpumalanga?
    Autor*in: Mudiriza, Gibson; De Lannoy, Ariane; David, Anda
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  SALDRU, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa

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    hdl: 11090/1037
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / SALDRU, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit ; number 304
    Schlagworte: NEET; youth; education; unemployment; inactive; Mpumalanga; South Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Unemployment in a commodity-rich economy
    how relevant is dutch disease?
    Autor*in: Kulish, Mariano; Morley, James C.; Yamout, Nadine; Zanetti, Francesco
    Erschienen: 26 April 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP19023
    Schlagworte: Dutch Disease; commodity prices; unemployment; structural change; struc-tural transformation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Unemployment in a commodity-rich economy
    how relevant is Dutch Disease?
    Autor*in: Kulish, Mariano; Morley, James C.; Yamout, Nadine; Zanetti, Francesco
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We examine the relevance of Dutch Disease through the lens of an open-economy multisector model that features unemployment due to labor market frictions. Bayesian estimates for the model quantify the effects of both business cycle shocks and... mehr

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    We examine the relevance of Dutch Disease through the lens of an open-economy multisector model that features unemployment due to labor market frictions. Bayesian estimates for the model quantify the effects of both business cycle shocks and structural changes on the unemployment rate. Applying our model to the Australian economy, we find that the persistent rise in commodity prices in the 2000s led to an appreciation of the exchange rate and fall in net exports, resulting in upward pressure on unemployment due to sectoral shifts. However, this Dutch Disease effect is estimated to be quantitatively small and offset by an ongoing secular decline in the unemployment rate related to decreasing relative disutility of working in the non-tradable sector versus the tradable sector. The changes in labor supply preferences, along with shifts in household preferences towards non-tradable consumption that are akin to a process of structural transformation, makes the tradable sector more sensitive to commodity price shocks but a smaller fraction of the overall economy. We conclude that changesin commodity prices are not as relevant as other shocks or structural changes in accounting for unemployment even in a commodity-rich economy like Australia.

     
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    hdl: 10419/300020
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11092 (2024)
    Schlagworte: Dutch Disease; commodity prices; unemployment; structural change; structural transformation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. How far from full employment?
    the European unemployment problem revisited
    Autor*in: Gökten, Meryem; Heimberger, Philipp; Lichtenberger, Andreas
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    This paper analyses deviations from full employment in EU countries, compared with the US and the UK. We apply the Beveridge (full-employment-consistent) rate of unemployment (BECRU), derived from the unemployment-vacancies relationship. The BECRU is... mehr

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    This paper analyses deviations from full employment in EU countries, compared with the US and the UK. We apply the Beveridge (full-employment-consistent) rate of unemployment (BECRU), derived from the unemployment-vacancies relationship. The BECRU is the level of unemployment that minimises the non-productive use of labour. Based on a novel dataset for the period 1970-2022, we find full employment episodes in selected EU countries (Germany, Sweden, Austria, Finland) during the 1970s. The European unemployment problem emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, as Beveridgean full employment gaps increased. In the run-up to the global financial crisis, full employment gaps declined, then increased during the Great Recession. Slack in labour markets increased initially during the pandemic. Labour markets became tighter when recovering from the COVID-19 crisis, but few countries hit full employment. Panel regressions highlight that hysteresis, labour market institutions, structural factors, macroeconomic factors and political factors contribute to explaining full employment gaps.

     
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    hdl: 10419/289834
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 245 (April 2024)
    Schlagworte: Full employment; unemployment; vacancies; EU; UK; US
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Unemployment in a commodity-rich economy
    how relevant is Dutch disease?
    Autor*in: Kulish, Mariano; Morley, James C.; Yamout, Nadine; Zanetti, Francesco
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  [London School of Economics and Political Science], [London, UK]

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    Schriftenreihe: [CFM discussion paper series] ; [CFM-DP 2024, 20]
    Schlagworte: Dutch Disease; commodity prices; unemployment; structural change; structural transformation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Some considerations on the Phillips curve after the pandemic
    Autor*in: Bello, Salvatore Lo; Viviano, Eliana
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 842 (April 2024)
    Schlagworte: wage inflation; unemployment; labor market tightness; economic slack
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. How does potential unemployment insurance benefit duration affect reemployment timing and wages?
    Autor*in: Felder, Rahel; Frings, Hanna; Mittag, Nikolas
    Erschienen: October 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Recent papers identify the effects of unemployment insurance and potential benefit duration (PBD) on unemployment duration and reemployment wages using quasi-experiments. To make known problems of heterogeneity in quasi-experiments tractable, they... mehr

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    Recent papers identify the effects of unemployment insurance and potential benefit duration (PBD) on unemployment duration and reemployment wages using quasi-experiments. To make known problems of heterogeneity in quasi-experiments tractable, they often use models of job search, but we argue that letting the data speak without restrictions remains surprisingly informative. We focus on two broad questions: How informative are the local average effects quasi-experiments identify and what can we learn about causes and mechanisms from quasi-experiments in the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects? We first line out a framework for treatment effect heterogeneity with two interdependent outcomes, such as duration and wages, and then re-examine the effects of longer PBD in Schmieder, von Wachter and Bender (2016). Local average effects become more informative when amended with other parameters identified by (quasi-)randomization: Duration effects of PBD almost exclusively prolong few long spells, which helps to explain differences between studies. Dynamic selection into reemployment timing is non-monotonic, but does not change with PBD at short durations so dynamic treatment effects are identified at short durations. For wage effects of PBD, we find neither evidence of positive effects nor meaningful heterogeneity. Even though key structural parameters are not identified because LATE confounds average effects with the covariance of first and second stage effects, the data remain informative about causes and mechanisms. A wage decomposition shows that wage loss operates through the firm fixed effect, which speaks against individual-based causes such as skill depreciation or bargaining. Using dynamic treatment effects and mediation analyses, we find PBD to affect wages even for workers who do not change unemployment duration, i.e. directly. The negative direct effect we find casts doubt on key assumptions of common models of job search.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17348
    Schlagworte: unemployment; unemployment insurance; benefit duration; heterogeneous treatment effects
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  17. Does immigration help alleviate economy-wide labour shortages?
    Autor*in: Fortin, Pierre
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  [CLEF, Canadian Labour Economics Forum], [Waterloo, Ontario]

    I study the impact of Canada's expansive immigration policy launched in 2016 on labour shortages in six regions of the country, particularly in Quebec, which enjoys some autonomy of management in this area. I look at movements of the Beveridge curve,... mehr

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    I study the impact of Canada's expansive immigration policy launched in 2016 on labour shortages in six regions of the country, particularly in Quebec, which enjoys some autonomy of management in this area. I look at movements of the Beveridge curve, which draws the classical inverse relation between the job vacancy rate and the unemployment rate, before, during, and after the 2020-2021 pandemic. Since immigration not only expands the supply of labour, but also adds to the demand for labour in the overall economy, its net effect on job vacancies in the aggregate is a priori uncertain. To clarify matters, I present a statistical analysis of pre- and post-pandemic data in the six Canadian regions. Results suggest that the common-sense belief that more immigration contributes to reducing economy-wide labour scarcity is wrong and constitutes a dangerous fallacy of composition. La présente étude analyse l'effet de la politique d'immigration expansive du Canada amorcée en 2016 sur la pénurie de main-d'œuvre dans six régions du pays, et tout particulièrement au Québec, qui dispose d'une certaine autonomie de gestion en la matière. J'examine l'évolution de la courbe de Beveridge, c'est-à-dire de la relation classique inverse observée entre le taux de postes vacants et le taux de chômage, avant, pendant et après la pandémie de 2020-2021. Comme l'immigration fait augmenter non seulement l'offre de main-d'œuvre, mais aussi la demande de main-d'œuvre, son effet net sur le taux de postes vacants dans l'ensemble de l'économie est a priori incertain. Pour y voir clair, je présente une analyse statistique des données d'avant et d'après la pandémie dans les six régions du Canada. Elle tend à démontrer que l'hypothèse du « gros bon sens », voulant que plus d'immigration permet d'atténuer une pénurie de main-d'œuvre qui est généralisée dans l'économie, est fausse et constitue un dangereux sophisme de composition.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / CLEF, Canadian Labour Economics Forum ; WP #70
    Schlagworte: immigration; labour shortages; job vacancies; unemployment; Beveridge curve
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  18. The path through
    early COVID-19 job loss and labour market trajectories in Austria
    Autor*in: Jestl, Stefan; Tverdostup, Maryna
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    This paper examines the socio-demographic disparities evident in the early labour market response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria, relying on the register-based labour market career dataset from the Austrian Micro Data Center (AMDC) for the... mehr

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    This paper examines the socio-demographic disparities evident in the early labour market response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria, relying on the register-based labour market career dataset from the Austrian Micro Data Center (AMDC) for the 2018-2021 period. The analysis focuses on the divergences in out-of-unemployment transitions and medium-term employment stability among those who lost their jobs early in the pandemic in contrast to the group of the longer-term unemployed. We document that individuals affected by job loss during the initial phases of the pandemic did not exhibit enduring scarring effects. Unlike their longer-term unemployed counterparts, they did not demonstrate persistent labour market detachment, prolonged periods of unemployment or a diminished success rate in reemployment. However, certain socio-demographic cohorts - notably, women, parents with two or more young children, and individuals with lower levels of education - faced disproportionate challenges during the pandemic. They were more inclined to transition into precarious employment arrangements and experienced lower levels of employment stability in the months following re-employment.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 246 (May 2024)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; employment stability; gender inequalities; labour market transitions; unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Labor market outcomes of same-sex couples in countries with legalized same-sex marriage
    Autor*in: Bogusz, Honorata; Gromadzki, Jan
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien

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    Schriftenreihe: Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business ; no. 360
    Schlagworte: labor supply; unemployment; same-sex couples; discrimination; LGBTQ; parenthood
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Reshoring, automation, and labor markets under trade uncertainty
    Autor*in: Firooz, Hamid; Leduc, Sylvain; Liu, Zheng
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, [San Francisco, CA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers series / Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ; 2024, 16 (May 2024)
    Schlagworte: Offshoring; reshoring; automation; robots; uncertainty; unemployment; wages; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The role of foreign aid in the nexus between capital flight and unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses the relevance of foreign aid in the incidence of capital flight on unemployment in 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study is for the period 1996-2018, and the empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions... mehr

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    This study assesses the relevance of foreign aid in the incidence of capital flight on unemployment in 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study is for the period 1996-2018, and the empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions in order to assess the nexuses throughout the conditional distribution of the unemployment outcome variable. From the findings, capital flight has a positive unconditional incidence on unemployment, while foreign aid dampens the underlying positive unconditional nexus. Moreover, in order for the positive incidence of capital flight to be completely dampened, foreign aid thresholds of 2.230 and 3.964 (% of GDP) are needed at the 10th and 25th quantiles, respectively, of the conditional distribution of unemployment. It follows that the relevance of foreign aid in crowding out the unfavorable incidence of capital flight on unemployment is significantly apparent only in bottom quantiles or countries with below-median levels of unemployment. Policy implications are discussed. The study complements the extant literature by assessing the importance of development assistance in how capital flight affects unemployment in subSaharan Africa.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299214
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/24, 007
    Schlagworte: foreign aid; capital flight; unemployment; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)
  22. Unemployment in a commodity-rich economy
    how relevant is dutch disease?
    Autor*in: Kulish, Mariano; Morley, James C.; Yamou, Nadine; Zanetti, Francesco
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  The Canon Institute for Global Studies, [Tokyo]

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    Schriftenreihe: CIGS working paper series ; no. 24,011, E
    Schlagworte: dutch disease; commodity prices; unemployment; structural change; structural transformation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Gender and education gaps in employment
    new evidence for the EU
    Autor*in: Gökten, Meryem; Heimberger, Philipp; Arsenev, Aleksandr; Lichtenberger, Andreas; Schütz, Bernhard
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    This paper analyses (age-adjusted) employment rates by gender and education. We find that malefemale gender gaps and high-low education gaps in employment vary markedly across European Union (EU) countries and regions, with larger gaps existing in... mehr

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    This paper analyses (age-adjusted) employment rates by gender and education. We find that malefemale gender gaps and high-low education gaps in employment vary markedly across European Union (EU) countries and regions, with larger gaps existing in Eastern and Southern Europe than in Nordic and Continental EU countries. We estimate that closing existing education gaps in employment between high and lower education levels would raise the employment rate in the EU for the year 2022 by 10.6 percentage points, whereas closing the gender gaps between men and women would lead to an increase of 2.5 percentage points. At the same time, closing both the gender and education gaps would raise the EU employment rate from 76% to 89% of the population. Furthermore, we provide new evidence on the cyclical behaviour of employment gaps, finding that gender gaps are procyclical. While female employment rates tend to be more resilient than male employment rates during economic downturns, male employment rates tend to grow at a faster pace than female employment rates during upswings. In contrast, education gaps are more countercyclical, as employment risks are more strongly concentrated where education is low.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299395
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 251 (June 2024)
    Schlagworte: Full employment; unemployment; employment gaps; gender; education; EU; business cycle
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  24. Socialism, identity and the well-being of unemployed women
    Autor*in: Günther, Tom; Conradi, Jakob; Hetschko, Clemens
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Unemployment influences people’s life satisfaction beyond negative income shocks. A large body of literature investigates these non-pecuniary costs of unemployment and stresses the importance of social identity and therefore social norms, especially... mehr

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    Unemployment influences people’s life satisfaction beyond negative income shocks. A large body of literature investigates these non-pecuniary costs of unemployment and stresses the importance of social identity and therefore social norms, especially for men. We add to this literature by showing that norm non-compliance may equally inflate the non-pecuniary loss of well-being for unemployed women. Drawing upon large-scale German panel data, we use the German division as a natural experiment to compare unemployment-related life satisfaction losses between different cohorts of East and West German women. We hypothesise that being exposed to different legal norms concerning workforce participation and different opportunity cost of working after the division shaped social identities and thus social norms around work for the two German female populations in different ways. Specifically, East German women were required to work full-time whereas West German women were expected to focus on family care. We find that East German women suffer significantly more from unemployment than West German women. This difference is driven by a significantly worse unemployment experience for East German females that were exclusively raised in the former GDR. We do not find such diverging patterns for German men. Our findings imply that women may suffer as much from unemployment as men, if socialised in the same way.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11154 (2024)
    Schlagworte: well-being; gender; unemployment; social identity; social norms; German division
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  25. Unemployment, segregation, and the structure of cities
    Autor*in: Heuermann, Daniel F.; Vom Berge, Philipp
    Erschienen: June 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the residential segregation of workers and the unemployed in the 80 largest cities in Germany. Drawing on a large set of geo-referenced data for the period from 2000 until 2015, we are able to study the within-city distribution of... mehr

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    We examine the residential segregation of workers and the unemployed in the 80 largest cities in Germany. Drawing on a large set of geo-referenced data for the period from 2000 until 2015, we are able to study the within-city distribution of unemployment in unprecedented detail. We document a strong and persistent rise in segregation between workers and the unemployed along three dimensions: spatial unevenness, centrality, and localization. First, we show that cities have become spatially less even with respect to the distribution of unemployment. Regarding centrality, we demonstrate that local unemployment rates tend to be highest in downtown areas and decrease quickly with distance from the urban core. This relationship has strengthened over time. We investigate whether a strong reurbanization trend in German cities after 2007 might explain rising unevenness and concentration of unemployment in the center, but find little affirmative evidence. Instead, the strong overall rise of segregation was characterized by a third phenomenon: a trend towards "localization", i.e., a tendency of workers and the unemployed to sort into increasingly small-scale but internally more homogeneous residential areas.

     
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    hdl: 10419/300954
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17058
    Schlagworte: unemployment; urban labor markets; residential segregation; spatial structure
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