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  1. The critical role of social leaders in the spread of social movements against gender-based violence on Twitter
    Autor*in: Rude, Britta
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    This paper asks how social movements against gender-based violence (GBV) spread on Twitter. To this end, I construct a novel dataset measuring 10 large social movements against GBV on Twitter. I show that these movements start suddenly and fade out... mehr

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    This paper asks how social movements against gender-based violence (GBV) spread on Twitter. To this end, I construct a novel dataset measuring 10 large social movements against GBV on Twitter. I show that these movements start suddenly and fade out quickly and that there is considerable variation at the sub-national level in the US. Twitter users are more likely to share content created by other users instead of creating original content. Text mining the text of tweets reveals that polarization is low and that most users express fear and sadness. Neither polarized nor emotional content does generate more traction in form of likes, retweets, replies or quotes. I develop a novel instrumental variable strategy and show that Twitter users with an established network play a major role in the spread of tweets. An analysis of users' profile pictures and names reveals low social inclusiveness of these movements. Users are on average female, young, and White. Tweets posted by non-white users generate less traction. Moreover, women are more prone to reference content by women, while the reverse applies to men.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266260
    Schriftenreihe: Ifo working papers ; 383 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Economics of gender; non-labor discrimination; demographic economics; public policy; social choice; clubs; committees; associations; economic sociology
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. A prolonged divorce between economists and politicians
    Autor*in: Pop, Napoleon; Ioan-Franc, Valeriu
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  the Romanian Academy, the National Institute of Economic Research, Bucharest

    The academic world says that the divorce between economists and politicians became visible during the financial crisis that began in 2008, when the economists were criticised for failing to preview the crisis, on the one hand, and, on the other hand,... mehr

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    The academic world says that the divorce between economists and politicians became visible during the financial crisis that began in 2008, when the economists were criticised for failing to preview the crisis, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, for the slowness in accompanying the solutions to remedy the crisis which should have been suggested by the politicians in an emergency situation, of financial collapse. The divorce itself has been lasting for a long time with the relationship deteriorating for many other reasons. In the background there is (1) an elite of Nobel prize winning economists with permanent training and inclination towards research and results worthy of consideration, and (2) a political class in a quasi-constant professional decline. It is a worrying fact, also publicly acknowledged. The 21st century, which marks the greatest technological advance of the fourth industrial revolution, started with avatars coming seemingly from nowhere. Yet, this century which began with so much hope, brings us in the face of yet another break between science and practice. The phenomenon we refer to in the current study is just a small part of what it should have been the collaboration between politicians and science in general, but the specifics of the divorce we approach in this essay is the fact that it deepens.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266435
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / the Romanian Academy, the National Institute of Economic Research ; 221116
    Schlagworte: general economics; information and uncertainty; economic policies; politics and sociological system; national government policies; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  3. Policy-making, trust and the demand for public services
    evidence from a nationwide family planning program
    Autor*in: Leon-Ciliotta, Gianmarco; Zejcirovic, Dijana; Fernandez, Fernando
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series ; no. 1843
    Schlagworte: Trust; public policy; reproductive health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Impact of the Covid-19 crisis on India's rural youth
    evidence from a panel survey and an experiment
    Autor*in: Chakravorty, Bhaskar; Bhatiya, Apurav Yash; Imbert, Clément; Lohnert, Maximilian; Panda, Poonam; Rathelot, Roland
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Warwick economics research papers ; no: 1419 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Youth unemployment; gender; vocational training; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. On the long-run relationship between R&D expenditures and GDP
    some considerations for the case of Italy (1963-2013)
    Autor*in: Gahn, Santiago José
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  VP, Vita e pensiero, [Milano]

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    ISBN: 9788834351956
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, CRANEC, Centro di richerche in analisi economica e sviluppo economico internazionale ; 22, 01
    Schlagworte: Italy; research and development; Public Expenditures; public policy; structural change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Twitter and crime
    the effect of social movements on gender-based violence
    Autor*in: Battisti, Michele; Kauppinen, Ilpo; Rude, Britta
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    This paper asks whether social movements taking place on Twitter affect gender-based violence (GBV). Using Twitter data and machine learning methods, we construct a novel data set on the prevalence of Twitter conversations about GBV. We then link... mehr

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    This paper asks whether social movements taking place on Twitter affect gender-based violence (GBV). Using Twitter data and machine learning methods, we construct a novel data set on the prevalence of Twitter conversations about GBV. We then link this data to weekly crime reports at the federal state level from the United States. We exploit the high-frequency nature of our data and an event study design to establish a causal impact of Twitter social movements on GBV. Our results point out that Twitter tweets related to GBV lead to a decrease in reported crime rates. The evidence shows that perpetrators commit these crimes less due to increased social pressure and perceived social costs. The results indicate that social media could significantly decrease reported GBV and might facilitate the signaling of social norms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266258
    Schriftenreihe: Ifo working papers ; 381 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Economics of gender; US; domestic abuse; public policy; criminal law; illegal behavior and the enforcement of law
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Análise do efeito do Pronaf sobre a renda de agricultores familiares no meio rural nordestino
    Autor*in: Silva, Sandro Pereira; Ciríaco, Juliane da Silva
    Erschienen: dezembro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This research aims to investigate the effect of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture (Pronaf) on income from work in rural Northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, data from the 2014 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD)... mehr

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    This research aims to investigate the effect of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture (Pronaf) on income from work in rural Northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, data from the 2014 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) were used and the propensity score matching (PSM) technique was applied. In general terms, the analyzes found show that the program provided an improvement in the income of agricultural work in the rural northeast. Estimates from the average treatment effect model showed that those who participate in Pronaf have an average income 29.3% higher compared to non-beneficiaries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284883
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2827
    Schlagworte: family farming; public policy; rural credit; impact assessment; income generation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Policy-making, trust and the demand for public services
    evidence from a nationwide family planning program
    Autor*in: Leon-Ciliotta, Gianmarco; Zejcirovic, Dijana; Fernandez, Fernando
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  BSE, Barcelona School of Economics, [Barcelona]

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    Schriftenreihe: BSE working paper ; 1352 (June 2022)
    Schlagworte: Trust; public policy; reproductive health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Análise da relação entre créditos do Pronaf e diversificação da produção agrícola em estabelecimentos de agricultura familiar no Brasil (2006-2017)
    Autor*in: Alves, Fabio; Silva, Sandro Pereira; Valadares, Alexandre Arbex; Bastian, Lillian
    Erschienen: novembro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This study aims to analyze the relationship between credits contracted from the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) and agricultural productive diversification in Brazilian territory. This verification took place both in... mehr

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    This study aims to analyze the relationship between credits contracted from the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) and agricultural productive diversification in Brazilian territory. This verification took place both in terms of the percentage share of the main agricultural crops in municipalities with different levels of credits contracted from Pronaf, and in terms of the impact of these credits on a synthetic index of productive diversification. The starting point was the premise that Pronaf's operational design influences the potential for productive diversification of Brazilian family farming insofar as it limits the production decisions of its applicants. The data indicate that the program has maintained, in general terms. the tendency to follow the productive structure of local agriculture, reinforcing pre-defined dynamics. This finding is in line with the hypothesis raised about the limitation of the operational design in printing different dynamics of agricultural production.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2815
    Schlagworte: family farming; productive diversification; public policy; Pronaf; financial logic
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  10. Políticas de fomento ao desenvolvimento de fármacos e medicamentos no Brasil
    panorama de 1998 a 2020
    Autor*in: Vieira, Fabiola Sulpino
    Erschienen: julho de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The recent health crisis installed around the world because of the covid-19 pandemic has once again brought the debate on issues related to the development, production, and access to health technologies to the center of the government agenda. In... mehr

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    The recent health crisis installed around the world because of the covid-19 pandemic has once again brought the debate on issues related to the development, production, and access to health technologies to the center of the government agenda. In Brazil, it exposed the national vulnerability due to its dependence on the importation of various technologies in this area, particularly drugs and medicines. Considering this situation, the objective of this text is to present an overview of the policies implemented from 1998 to 2020 to promote the development of drugs and medicines in Brazil, directly or indirectly, to identify aspects to be improved in the formulation of a new policy for that purpose. For that, the methodological framework of the executive evaluation of public policies was used. The justification for the implementation of policies and/or the purpose stated in their formal texts were used to capture the main problem addressed and the objective related to the pharmaceutical sector, which have been common to all of them. Results of studies on the pharmaceutical sector in Brazil were used to elaborate the explanation of the problem (problem tree) and the analysis of the policies implementation. Policies documents constituted the basic references for the identification of its specific objectives and for the elaboration of a logical model for the set of initiatives. Studies on policies available in the technical and scientific literature, as well as indicators defined considering the logical model developed, were used to analyze the intermediate and final results of government action. It was found that a series of measures were implemented to promote the development of drugs and medicines in the country in the analyzed period, but that the results of these measures to reduce the Brazilian dependence on the importation of these products were limited. Three main factors were identified as possible determinants of this situation: i) the little innovative profile of Brazilian companies; ii) the emergence of new products of biotechnological origin of high added value, and the increase in their importance in therapeutics; and iii) insufficient State action to leverage significant structural change in the pharmaceutical sector due to the fragmentation of initiatives and discontinuities in the governmental effort. Finally, it is recommended to formulate a new policy, focusing on the pharmaceutical sector, resulting from a medium and long-term state planning, aiming at the implementation of actions and the resources allocation sustained over time, and that considers the particularities and requirements of this sector in the fields of industrial and foreign trade policy, science, technology and innovation policy, and health policy.

     
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    hdl: 10419/269151
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2783
    Schlagworte: drug development; drug industry; public policy; federal government; National Science; Technology and Innovation Policy; Unified Health System
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. New forms of democracy
    Autor*in: Gersbach, Hans
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    In the third decade of the 21st century, digitization, global events, challenges from authoritarian states, and difficulties of particular democracies to function properly confront democracy with a new series of challenges and opportunities that will... mehr

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    In the third decade of the 21st century, digitization, global events, challenges from authoritarian states, and difficulties of particular democracies to function properly confront democracy with a new series of challenges and opportunities that will force it to reinvent itself. The last decades have produced an accelerating flow of ideas for new forms of democracy. We survey a long period in the quest for such new forms and point to next inventions for such forms. We suggest to experiment with new ways for democracy to extend the choice of democratic processes that can be implemented in real-life situations, with the beneficial side-effect that democracy might remain the only sustainable structure for self-governing societies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271778
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10134 (2022)
    Schlagworte: democracy; new forms; voting; elections; social innovations; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten)
  12. The direct and indirect effects of online job search advice
    Autor*in: Altmann, Steffen; Glenny, Anita M.; Mahlstedt, Robert; Sebald, Alexander
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study how online job search advice affects the job search strategies and labor market outcomes of unemployed workers. In a large-scale field experiment, we provide job seekers with vacancy information and occupational recommendations through an... mehr

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    We study how online job search advice affects the job search strategies and labor market outcomes of unemployed workers. In a large-scale field experiment, we provide job seekers with vacancy information and occupational recommendations through an online dashboard. A clustered randomization procedure with regionally varying treatment intensities allows us to account for treatment spillovers. Our results show that online advice is highly effective when the share of treated workers is relatively low: in regions where less than 50% of job seekers are exposed to the treatment, working hours and earnings of treated job seekers increase by 8.5-9.5% in the year after the intervention. At the same time, we find substantial negative spillovers on other treated job seekers for higher treatment intensities, resulting from increased competition between treated job seekers who apply for similar vacancies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272457
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15830
    Schlagworte: unemployment; job search; job search assistance; public policy; field experiments; information frictions; occupational recommendations; online advice
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Digital infrastructure in Trinidad and Tobago
    analysis, challenges, and action plan
    Autor*in: García Zaballos, Antonio; Puig Gabarró, Pau; Iglesias Rodriguez, Enrique
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  IDB, Inter-American Development Bank, [Washington, DC]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IDB, Inter-American Development Bank ; no IDB-DP-928
    Schlagworte: connectivity; telecommunications; public policy; regulation; broadband; Trinidad and Tobago
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Revisiting the conventional wisdom of development, sustainability and happy ageing
    the case of Thailand’s data
    Autor*in: Euamporn Phijaisanit
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University], [Bangkok]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University ; no. 71 (January 4, 2022)
    Schlagworte: ageing; old-age happiness; sustainable development; public policy; SDGs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Does public policy affect attitudes?
    evidence from age-based health insurance coverage policies in the United States
    Autor*in: Yörük, Barış K.
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The existing literature provides evidence that public opinion and attitudes often affect public policy. However, little is known on how public policy might affect public attitudes and norms. I present new evidence on this topic by using age-based... mehr

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    The existing literature provides evidence that public opinion and attitudes often affect public policy. However, little is known on how public policy might affect public attitudes and norms. I present new evidence on this topic by using age-based health insurance policies in the United States as natural experiments. I first exploit the discrete change in insurance coverage rates at age 26 due to the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate and show that this policy is associated with statistically significant deterioration in attitudes towards the necessity of health insurance among young adults who are affected by this policy the most. Next, I show that gaining health insurance at 65 due to the onset of Medicare does not have a significant impact on attitudes towards health insurance among the elderly. These findings are widespread across different demographic groups, robust under alternative model specifications, observed only after the policies are adopted, and highlight the importance of age in attitude formation.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9785 (2022)
    Schlagworte: attitudes; beliefs; health insurance coverage; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Financial markets and green innovation
    Autor*in: Aghion, Philippe; Boneva, Lena; Breckenfelder, Johannes; Laeven, Luc; Olovsson, Conny; Popov, Alexander; Rancoita, Elena
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Fulfilling the commitments embedded in the Paris Agreement requires a climate-technology revolution. Patented innovation of low-carbon technologies is lower in the EU than in selected peers, and very heterogeneous across member states. We motivate... mehr

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    Fulfilling the commitments embedded in the Paris Agreement requires a climate-technology revolution. Patented innovation of low-carbon technologies is lower in the EU than in selected peers, and very heterogeneous across member states. We motivate this fact with an endogenous model of directed technical change with government policy and financial markets. Variations in carbon taxes, R&D investment, and venture capital investment explain a large share of the variation in green patents per capita in the data. We discuss implications for policy, concluding that governments can play a catalytic role in stimulating green innovation while the role of central banks is limited.

     
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    ISBN: 9789289952705
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    hdl: 10419/269093
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no 2686 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Climate change; financial markets; directed technical change; public policy; centralbanks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Government-backed venture capital investments and performance of companies
    the role of networks
    Autor*in: Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Köppl, Stefan; Christopulos, Dimitris
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  EcoAustria - Institute for Economic Research, Vienna, Austria

    In this paper we analyze how different types of venture capital investments - private, public and indirect public - affect performance of portfolio companies. We use data on more than 20,000 VC deals in Europe between 2000 and 2018 and we hand... mehr

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    In this paper we analyze how different types of venture capital investments - private, public and indirect public - affect performance of portfolio companies. We use data on more than 20,000 VC deals in Europe between 2000 and 2018 and we hand collected a unique dataset on the institutional setting (public/indirect/private) of almost 5000 investors. We find that public VC investors perform consistently worse than purely private ones, while indirect public investments (such as the "Juncker Plan" or InvestEU investments) perform consistently better. We link these findings to the fact that public funds do not enter the best performing cliques of investments. On the other hand, indirect funds invest in the VC funds with the best network characteristics, which raises a question of whether indirect VC investments are associated with a high level of windfall gain, and not necessarily improve the value added by the VC funds. We confirm the main conclusions using instrumental variables' specifications.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261494
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / EcoAustria ; no. 21
    Schlagworte: venture capital; network analysis; governmental venture capital; European Investment Fund; syndication; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Social capital and the effectiveness of land use policies
    evidence from rural China
    Autor*in: Bao, Helen X. H.; Jiang, Yan; Wang, Ziyou
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Department of Land Economy, Environment, Law & Economics, University of Cambridge, Real Estate Research Centre], [Cambridge]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Department of Land Economy, Environment, Law & Economics, University of Cambridge, Real Estate Research Centre ; no. 2022, 07
    Schlagworte: sustainability; environment protection; conservation; public policy; land conservation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Trust, the pandemic, and public policies
    Autor*in: Alm, James
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Tulane University, Department of Economics, New Orleans, LA

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    Schriftenreihe: Tulane Economics working paper series ; 2203 (February 2022)
    Schlagworte: Trust; public policy; tax compliance; experiments; pandemic
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)
  20. Using information provision and interactive risk maps to motivate testing for radon
    Autor*in: Timmons, Shane; Lunn, Pete
    Erschienen: March 10, 2022
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    Radon exposure in homes is a leading cause of lung cancer, but the rate at which householders test for it is low. In a pre-registered experiment with a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 1,700), we used psychological theory to design... mehr

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    Radon exposure in homes is a leading cause of lung cancer, but the rate at which householders test for it is low. In a pre-registered experiment with a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 1,700), we used psychological theory to design interventions to increase perceived risk from radon and motivate testing. Results show that providing information about radon increased belief that exposure would lead to negative consequences. Interactive maps that depict the geographical distribution of radon risk increased perceived likelihood of exposure, general worry and willingness to test for it, but the effects depend on the map's attributes. Maps that communicate risk using numeric frequencies of the number of homes in an area likely to be affected by radon (e.g., 1 in 5 homes) were more effective than ones that used simple statements (e.g., your home is at high risk). Adding an intermediate "moderate" risk category increased perceived risk compared to a binary high/low classification system among those in the moderate risk area, without altering perceptions of those at high risk. Other map features (colour and search functionality) had little impact. The best performing map led to 72% more people being willing to test for radon, compared to the map in use by the national Environmental Protection Agency at the time of the study. The results have implications for theories of risk perception and show the potential for techniques from psychological science to help mitigate a real-world environmental risk.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 720 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: radon; risk perception; risk communication; maps; information provision; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The productive role of social policy
    Autor*in: Rodríguez Torres, Omar
    Erschienen: 18 March 2022
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2022, 010
    Schlagworte: Social policy; poverty reduction; entrepreneurship; public policy; enterprise policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Aníbal Pinto, Schumpeter e Friedman em um coquetel
    uma proposta de sistema de capacitação e financiamento do aumento da produtividade das MPEs com pagamento quando e se o negócio prospera
    Autor*in: Nogueira, Mauro Oddo; Nascimento, Paulo A. Meyer M.; Esteves, Luiz A.; Beviláqua, Giovanni Silva; Pompermayer, Fabiano Mezadre
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    We propose an integrated public-private system designed to improve the pre-finance capabilities of micro and small enterprises (MSE), thereafter assisting them with finance to foster their innovation and/or expansion plans. The idea is to regulate a... mehr

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    We propose an integrated public-private system designed to improve the pre-finance capabilities of micro and small enterprises (MSE), thereafter assisting them with finance to foster their innovation and/or expansion plans. The idea is to regulate a market standing on income-contingent financing, an important social innovation that has transformed student financing in Australia and England and has been increasingly discussed in the literature on public financing as an improvement over previous mechanisms for funding investment in several other areas besides education. Income-contingent financing implies that the side providing the funds receives back a proportion of the future income, revenue, or profits of the person or firm being funded, as repayment of a loan or as remuneration for an investment made. Given that the proposal presented in this paper focuses on firms, we will refer to the mechanism as revenue-contingent financing. To make such an arrangement viable in Brazil, a new tax is needed. The new tax is the way to involve the federal revenue system in the repayment collection, thus taking advantage of the economies of scale and scope involved in the State's power to tax in order to remove failures in the capital market. The removal of such market failures leads to social benefits greater than the private benefits eventually earned, justifying the introduction of a new tax to collect revenue-contingent repayments. The proposed arrangement reduces the risks of non-repayment, increasing the guarantees for those who provide finance. As repayments occur only if and when the firm's revenue is greater than a predetermined level, revenue-contingency also insures firms against negative shocks. In our proposed system, eligibility for financing is linked to a previous managerial training, at the end of which entrepreneurs shall submit a business plan, and this must be certified by an independent agency outside the institution where the managerial training took place. The certified business plan then works as a kind of "recommendation letter" to be taken to accredited financial institutions for the granting of either debt or equity revenue-contingent instruments. To some extent, this proposal combines three strands of economic thought that are quite distinct from each other: structuralism, the Schumpeterian approach, and liberalism. It relies, in particular, on elements risen by Aníbal Pinto, Joseph Schumpeter and Milton Friedman - that is the reason why these three thinkers are mentioned in the title of this paper.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265273
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2754
    Schlagworte: micro and small businesses; entrepreneurship; financing; credit instruments; public policy; contingent income loan; income share agreements
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Policy-making, trust and the demand for public services
    evidence from a nationwide family planning program
    Autor*in: Leon-Ciliotta, Gianmarco; Zejcirovic, Dijana; Fernandez, Fernando
    Erschienen: 06 June 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17361
    Schlagworte: Trust; public policy; reproductive health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Does public policy affect attitudes?
    evidence from age-based health insurance coverage policies in the United States
    Autor*in: Yörük, Barış K.
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The existing literature provides evidence that public opinion and attitudes often affect public policy. However, little is known on how public policy might affect public attitudes and norms. I present new evidence on this topic by using age-based... mehr

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    The existing literature provides evidence that public opinion and attitudes often affect public policy. However, little is known on how public policy might affect public attitudes and norms. I present new evidence on this topic by using age-based health insurance policies in the United States as natural experiments. I first exploit the discrete change in insurance coverage rates at age 26 due to the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate and show that this policy is associated with statistically significant deterioration in attitudes towards the necessity of health insurance among young adults who are affected by this policy the most. Next, I show that gaining health insurance at 65 due to the onset of Medicare does not have a significant impact on attitudes towards health insurance among the elderly. These findings are widespread across different demographic groups, robust under alternative model specifications, observed only after the policies are adopted, and highlight the importance of age in attitude formation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263562
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15346
    Schlagworte: attitudes; beliefs; health insurance coverage; public policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen