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  1. The layers of the IT Agreement's trade impact
    Autor*in: Henn, Christian; Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan, Arevik
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Div., Geneva

    The WTO's plurilateral Information Technology Agreement (ITA) reduced tariffs to zero on many IT products. This paper presents a comprehensive study of its trade impacts by incorporating recent insights from both the global value chain (GVC) and time... mehr

    Zugang:
    Resolving-System (lizenzpflichtig)
    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)

    Standort:
    Auswärtiges Amt, Referat 116, Bibliothek, Informationsvermittlung
    Signatur:
    Ohne Signatur (er)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Hochschule Furtwangen University. Informatik, Technik, Wirtschaft, Medien. Campus Furtwangen, Bibliothek
    Signatur:
    eBook WTO
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 122 (2015,1)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Mosbach, Bibliothek
    Signatur:
    E-Books WTO
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Ravensburg, Bibliothek
    Signatur:
    E-Book WTO
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart, Bibliothek
    Signatur:
    eBook WTO
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The WTO's plurilateral Information Technology Agreement (ITA) reduced tariffs to zero on many IT products. This paper presents a comprehensive study of its trade impacts by incorporating recent insights from both the global value chain (GVC) and time in trade literatures. Inserting tariffs directly into the gravity equation breaks the ITAs impact down into four layers. Import demand elasticities are found to be non-linear: Tariff reduction (layer 1) has relatively small impacts, while complete tariff elimination (layer 2) has high impacts, especially for intermediate goods. Beyond that, ITA accession has positive non-tariff effects on both imports (layer 3) and exports (layer 4). These commitment effects suggest that higher trade policy certainty affects investment and sourcing decisions in favour of signatories: Their ITA exports performed better relative to other ICT and machinery exports, unlike non-members. But "passive signatories" - which joined mainly as a by-product of a larger policy objective - reaped the most benefits. Featuring a smaller ITA sector upon accession, their final good exports increased also in absolute terms due to downstream GVC integration. However, such impacts are strongly heterogeneous with respect to countries' geographical remoteness, education levels, business environment and institutions. China stands out with especially strong post-accession export increases, also extending to intermediate goods.

     
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    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/107674
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript date: February 2015
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper ERSD ; 2015-01
    WTO Working Papers ; no.2015/01
    Schlagworte: Economic research and trade policy analysis; tariffs; trade policy certainty; value chains; fragmentation; WTO Information Technology Agreement; gravity equation; product-level trade; non-linearity
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (44 S.), graph. Darst.
  2. Net neutrality and internet fragmentation
    the role of online advertising
    Autor*in: D'Annunzio, Anna; Russo, Antonio
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  KOF, Zürich

    We investigate the relation between Net Neutrality regulation and Internet fragmentation. We model a two-sided market, where Content Providers (CPs) and consumers interact through Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and CPs sell consumers' attention... mehr

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 297 (344)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    We investigate the relation between Net Neutrality regulation and Internet fragmentation. We model a two-sided market, where Content Providers (CPs) and consumers interact through Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and CPs sell consumers' attention to advertisers. Under Net Neutrality, a zero-price rule is enforced. By contrast, in the Unregulated Regime, ISPs make access to their subscribers for CPs conditional on payment of a termination fee. Multiple impressions of an ad on the same consumer are partially wasteful. Thus, equilibrium ad rates decrease when audiences overlap. We show that ISPs may strategically set termination fees to induce fragmentation. This takes place when advertising revenues are potentially large but strongly diminished by competition among CPs, and when consumers are not highly sensitive to content availability. We therefore identify an important link between termination fees, the online advertising market and Internet fragmentation. We extend the model to account for multi-homing consumers, vertically integrated ISPs, third-party advertising platforms and heterogeneous CPs.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/114438
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: July 2015
    Schriftenreihe: KOF working papers / KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich ; 344
    Schlagworte: Net Neutrality; two-sided markets; Internet; advertising; fragmentation
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (53 S.), graph. Darst.