Direkt zur Hauptnavigation springen Direkt zum Inhalt springen
info(at)avldigital.remove-this.de
Deutsch English
Letzte Suchanfragen

Ergebnisse für *

Zeige Ergebnisse 1 bis 4 von 4.

  1. Using Measures of Race to Make Clinical Predictions
    Decision Making, Patient Health, and Fairness
    Autor*in: Manski, Charles F.; Mullahy, John; Venkataramani, Atheendar S.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The use of race measures in clinical prediction models and algorithms has become a highly contentious issue, driven by concerns that inclusion of race as a covariate exacerbates and perpetuates long-standing disparities in quality of health care... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)
    Resolving-System (lizenzpflichtig)

    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The use of race measures in clinical prediction models and algorithms has become a highly contentious issue, driven by concerns that inclusion of race as a covariate exacerbates and perpetuates long-standing disparities in quality of health care provided to racial and ethnic minority patients. We seek to inform and ground this debate by evaluating the inclusion of race--even if imperfectly measured--in probabilistic predictions of illness that aim to inform clinical decision making. First, adopting a utilitarian framework to formalize social welfare, our analysis reveals that patients of all races are better off when clinical decisions are jointly guided by patient race and other observable covariates. In this sense, race is not a particularly special covariate: any covariate with predictive power (i.e., one that changes conditional probabilities of illness) should be used to optimize clinical decisions. We then extend the model to a two-period setting where prevention activities that address systemic drivers of disease are relevant and find that the same basic conclusions emerge. Finally, we discuss formal non-utilitarian concepts of fairness and disparity-aversion that have been proposed to guide societal allocation of health care resources

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30700
    Schlagworte: Medizinische Behandlung; Gesundheitsversorgung; Patienten; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Soziale Gerechtigkeit; General; Health and Inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  2. Why Transform Y? A Critical Assessment of Dependent-Variable Transformations in Regression Models for Skewed and Sometimes-Zero Outcomes
    Autor*in: Mullahy, John; Norton, Edward C.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Dependent variables that are non-negative, follow right-skewed distributions, and have large probability mass at zero arise often in empirical economics. Two classes of models that transform the dependent variable y -- the natural logarithm of y plus... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)
    Resolving-System (lizenzpflichtig)

    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Dependent variables that are non-negative, follow right-skewed distributions, and have large probability mass at zero arise often in empirical economics. Two classes of models that transform the dependent variable y -- the natural logarithm of y plus a constant and the inverse hyperbolic sine -- have been widely used in empirical work. We show that these two classes of models share several features that raise concerns about their application. The concerns are particularly prominent when dependent variables are frequently observed at zero, which in many instances is the main motivation for using them in the first place. The crux of the concern is that these models have an extra parameter that is generally not determined by theory but whose values have enormous consequences for point estimates. As these parameters go to extreme values estimated marginal effects on outcomes' natural scales approach those of either an untransformed linear regression or a normed linear probability model. Across a wide variety of simulated data, two-part models yield correct marginal effects, as do OLS on the untransformed y and Poisson regression. If researchers care about estimating marginal effects, we recommend using these simpler models that do not rely on transformations

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30735
    Schlagworte: Regressionsanalyse; Theorie; Methodological Issues: General; General; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  3. Partial Identification of Treatment-Effect Distributions with Count-Valued Outcomes
    Autor*in: Mullahy, John
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    With count-valued outcomes y in {0,1,...,M} identification and estimation of average treatment effects raise no special considerations beyond those involved in the continuous-outcome case. If partial identification of the distribution of treatment... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)
    Resolving-System (lizenzpflichtig)

    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    With count-valued outcomes y in {0,1,...,M} identification and estimation of average treatment effects raise no special considerations beyond those involved in the continuous-outcome case. If partial identification of the distribution of treatment effects is of interest, however, count-valued outcomes present some subtle yet important considerations beyond those involved in continuous-outcome contexts. This paper derives appropriate bounds on the distribution of treatment effects for count-valued outcomes

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31005
    Schlagworte: Kausalanalyse; Diskrete Verteilung; Diskrete Entscheidung; General; Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities; Health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  4. Analyzing Bounded Count Data
    Autor*in: Mullahy, John
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper presents and assesses analytical strategies that respect the bounded count structures of outcomes that are encountered often in health and other applications. The paper's main motivation is that the applied econometrics literature lacks a... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)
    Resolving-System (lizenzpflichtig)

    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper presents and assesses analytical strategies that respect the bounded count structures of outcomes that are encountered often in health and other applications. The paper's main motivation is that the applied econometrics literature lacks a comprehensive discussion and critique of strategies for analyzing and understand such data. The paper's goal is to provide a treatment of prominent issues arising in such analyses, with particular focus on evaluations in which bounded count outcomes are of interest, and on econometric modeling of their probability and moment structures. Hopefully the paper will provide a toolkit for researchers so they may better appreciate the range of questions that might be asked of such data and the merits and limitations of the analytical methods they might contemplate to study them. It will be seen that the choice of analytical method is often consequential: questions of interest may be unanswerable when some familiar analytical methods are deployed in some circumstances

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31814
    Schlagworte: Generalisiertes lineares Modell; Data Analytics; Modellierung; Ökonometrie; Schätztheorie; Health; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers