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  1. Population and morphology of border cities
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This report, part of the “Cities” collection, provides an analysis of the demographic and morphological changes in West African border cities since the mid-20th century. Using the Africapolis harmonised database makes it possible to show that since... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This report, part of the “Cities” collection, provides an analysis of the demographic and morphological changes in West African border cities since the mid-20th century. Using the Africapolis harmonised database makes it possible to show that since 1950 border cities have experienced higher rates of growth than other cities in the region. While the average size of cities increases with distance from a border, the opposite is true for urban density; it decreases as distance from a border increases. This suggests that border cities form urban centres that differ from other such centres due to the fact that they specialise in the commercial activities that stimulate growth and foster higher densities. The report identifies the 27 main cross-border agglomerations in the region and discusses their specific characteristics. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23

     
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    Schriftenreihe: West African papers ; no. 21 (April 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; demography; morphology; Africapolis; urban density; cross-border agglomeratio
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Businesses and health in border cities
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals... mehr

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    This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23

     
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    Schriftenreihe: West African papers ; no. 22 (April 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; businesses; national cohesion; regional integration; cross-border co-operation; health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Accessibility and infrastructure in border cities
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses road accessibility, transport corridors and checkpoints set up in border towns in West Africa. An innovative model shows that the population base of border towns could be 14% greater if there... mehr

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    This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses road accessibility, transport corridors and checkpoints set up in border towns in West Africa. An innovative model shows that the population base of border towns could be 14% greater if there were no delays at border crossings. The existence of roadside checks decreases the size of this population base from 12 to 50%. A study of 59 jointly planned or operated border posts in sub-Saharan Africa shows that trade facilitation runs up against the special interests of public servants and private-sector actors making a living from regional integration frictions. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22

     
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    Schriftenreihe: West African papers ; no. 23 (April 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; road accessibility; infrastructure; urban networks; transport corridors; border posts; regional trade
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Integrating gender analysis into food & nutrition security early warning systems in West Africa
    Autor*in: Pepper, Analee
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Integrating gender dimensions into early warning systems is critical to support equitable crisis prevention and response. This paper investigates the extent to which food and nutrition security early warning systems (FNS EWS) in the Sahel and West... mehr

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    Integrating gender dimensions into early warning systems is critical to support equitable crisis prevention and response. This paper investigates the extent to which food and nutrition security early warning systems (FNS EWS) in the Sahel and West Africa are gender-responsive and highlights existing gaps at national and regional levels. Progress has been made by key partners and stakeholders towards strengthening the gender analysis of FNS EWS, however, these efforts have not led to a unified reconfiguration of joint FNS EWS mechanisms to be more gender-responsive. More concerted efforts are required to assess and track the gender dimensions of FNS EWS to inform more equitable emergency prevention and response. This paper provides timely policy directions to support stakeholders’ efforts in strengthening the gender-responsiveness of early warning systems in the Sahel and West Africa.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: West African papers ; no. 24 (April 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; early warning systems; food security; gender analysis; gender responsiveness; sex- and age-disaggregated data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Long term trends across security and development in the Sahel
    Autor*in: Eizenga, Daniel
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Following the 2013 French military intervention in Mali, significant attention has been paid to issues of security and development in the Sahel. The stability of Sahelian countries and the capacity of their governments to manage social change and... mehr

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    Following the 2013 French military intervention in Mali, significant attention has been paid to issues of security and development in the Sahel. The stability of Sahelian countries and the capacity of their governments to manage social change and resulting tensions have major security implications for migration flows, economic development, and health concerns both for local people and for the broader international community. The rise of violent religious extremism in the region and the varied efforts to curtail its spread have raised international alarm and prompted important resources to be invested by both domestic governments and foreign partners. This paper offers a broad overview of the current situation in the Sahel paying attention to the intersecting and overlapping issues of security and development. The paper then interrogates three central themes—poverty, migration, and conflict—adopting a historical perspective to examine long-term trends in the region. In doing so, it aims to contribute to contemporary policy discussions by offering evidence of how these dynamics have either changed or persisted across this centrally important region during the last several decades.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: West African papers ; no. 25 (September 2019)
    Schlagworte: Kollektive Sicherheit; Konflikt; Ursache; Entwicklung; Tendenz; Development; Sahel; development; migration; conflict; violent extremism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Twenty years of wage inequality in Latin America
    Autor*in: Messina, Julián; Silva, Joana
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Office of the Chief Economist, [Washington, DC, USA]

    This paper documents an inverse U-shape in the evolution of wage inequality in Latin America since 1995, with a sharp reduction starting in 2002. The Gini coefficient of wages increased from 42 to 44 between 1995 and 2002 and declined to 39 by 2015.... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper documents an inverse U-shape in the evolution of wage inequality in Latin America since 1995, with a sharp reduction starting in 2002. The Gini coefficient of wages increased from 42 to 44 between 1995 and 2002 and declined to 39 by 2015. Between 2002 and 2015, the 90/10 log hourly earnings ratio decreased by 26 percent. The decline since 2002 was characterized by rising wages across the board, but especially among those at the bottom of the wage distribution in each country. Triggered by a rapid expansion of educational attainment, the wages of college and high school graduates fell relative to those with primary education. The premium for labor market experience also fell significantly. But the compression of wages was not entirely driven by changes in the wage structure across skill groups. Two-thirds of the decline in the variance of wages took place within skill groups. Changes in the sectoral, occupational, and formal-informal composition of jobs matter for the process of reduction in inequality, but do not fully account for the fall in within-skill variance. Evidence using longitudinal matched employer-employee administrative data suggests that an important driver was falling wage dispersion across firms

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 8995
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagworte: Inequality; Labor Markets; Firm Dynamics; Development; Schooling and Experience Premiums; Informality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Environment and development
    penalized non-parametric inference of global trends in deforestation, pollution and carbon
    Autor*in: Andrée, Bo Pieter Johannes; Spencer, Phoebe; Chamorro, Andres; Dogo, Harun
    Erschienen: February 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper revisits the issue of environment and development raised in the 1992 World Development Report, with new analysis tools and data. The paper discusses inference and interpretation in a machine learning framework. The results suggest that... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper revisits the issue of environment and development raised in the 1992 World Development Report, with new analysis tools and data. The paper discusses inference and interpretation in a machine learning framework. The results suggest that production gradually favors conserving the earth's resources as gross domestic product increases, but increased efficiency alone is not sufficient to offset the effects of growth in scale. Instead, structural change in the economy shapes environmental outcomes across GDP. The analysis finds that average development is associated with an inverted 'U'-shape in deforestation, pollution, and carbon intensities. Per capita emissions follow a 'J'-curve. Specifically, poverty reduction occurs alongside degrading local environments and higher income growth poses a global burden through carbon. Local economic structure further determines the shape, amplitude, and location of tipping points of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. The models are used to extrapolate environmental output to 2030. The daunting implications of continued development are a reminder that immediate and sustained global efforts are required to mitigate forest loss, improve air quality, and shift the global economy to a 2 Degree pathway

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 8756
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagworte: Environment; Development; Penalized Inference; Non-parametric models; Kernel Regularized Least Squares
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. A quantitative analysis of female employment in Senegal
    Autor*in: Malta, Vivian; Martínez Leyva, Angelica; Mendes Tavares, Marina
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Female-to-male employment in Senegal increased by 14 percentage points between 2006 and 2011. During the same period years of education of the working age population increased 27 percent for females and 13 percent for males, reducing gender gaps in... mehr

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    Female-to-male employment in Senegal increased by 14 percentage points between 2006 and 2011. During the same period years of education of the working age population increased 27 percent for females and 13 percent for males, reducing gender gaps in education. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the impact of this increase in education on female employment in Senegal. To that end, we build an overlapping generations model that captures barriers that women face over their life-cycle. Our main findings are: (i) the improvement in years of education can explain up to 44 percent of the observed increased in female-to-male employment ratio and (ii) the rest can be explained by a decline in the discrimination against women in the labor market

     
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  9. The spending challenge for reaching the SDGs in Sub-Saharan Africa
    lessons learned from Benin and Rwanda
    Autor*in: Prady, Delphine; Sy, Mouhamadou
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper documents the additional spending that is required for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to achieve meaningful progress in SDGs by 2030. Benin and Rwanda are presented in detail through case studies. The main lessons are: i) average additional... mehr

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    This paper documents the additional spending that is required for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to achieve meaningful progress in SDGs by 2030. Benin and Rwanda are presented in detail through case studies. The main lessons are: i) average additional spending across SSA is significant, at 19 percent of GDP in 2030; ii) countries must prioritize their development objectives according to their capacity to deliver satisfactory outcomes, iii) financing strategies should articulate multiple sources given the scale of additional spending, and iv) strong national ownership of SDGs is key and should be reflected in long-term development plans and medium-term policy commitments

     
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  10. The rise of megaregions
    delineating a new scale of economic geography
    Autor*in: Glocker, Daniela
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  OECD, [Paris, France]

    The concept of megaregions is increasingly put forward among academics and policy makers as a new scale of economic co-ordination and social organisation. A megaregion is most commonly understood as an economic unit that comprises an agglomeration of... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The concept of megaregions is increasingly put forward among academics and policy makers as a new scale of economic co-ordination and social organisation. A megaregion is most commonly understood as an economic unit that comprises an agglomeration of cities and its less dense hinterlands, which are linked through infrastructure, economic connections, settlement patterns and land use, topography, an environmental system or a shared culture and history that together shape a common interest for the wider region. While there is an extensive literature on the potential benefits of a megaregion, work has been more limited in terms of identifying megaregions in an international context. This paper introduces an approach to delineate potential megaregions in the OECD.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD regional development working papers ; 2018, 04
    Schlagworte: Development; Megaregions; new economic geography; urban geography; mean-shiftalgorithm
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Measuring women's economic empowerment
    time use data and gender inequality
    Autor*in: Ferrant, Gaëlle; Thim, Annelise
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    Empowerment, co-ordinated jointly by the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate, the Development Centre and Statistics Directorate. The initiative aims to identify policy and programme solutions to promote women’s economic empowerment by... mehr

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    Empowerment, co-ordinated jointly by the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate, the Development Centre and Statistics Directorate. The initiative aims to identify policy and programme solutions to promote women’s economic empowerment by recognising, reducing and redistributing women’s unpaid care work. This paper presents new analysis of time use data and unpaid care work from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and South Africa as well as comparisons with OECD countries. It provides recommendations for policy makers, donors and development practitioners to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, drawing on learning from the Social Institutions and Gender Index and in-country research by the OECD Policy Dialogue on Women’s Economic Empowerment. Specifically, the recommendations focus on how to recognise unpaid care work by measuring and valuing it, reduce time spent on drudgery by the provision of quality infrastructure and redistribute unpaid care tasks more equally between men and women by transforming gender stereotypes.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 16 (March 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; Unpaid care work; gender equality; women’s economic empowerment; gender gaps; time use
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Engaging with men and masculinities in fragile and conflict-affected settings
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation in decision-making contributes to... mehr

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    Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation in decision-making contributes to peace and resilience. This policy paper provides practical recommendations for donors and practitioners on how to integrate gender equality into programming in fragile and conflict-affected settings. It focuses on engaging men and boys and addressing masculinities in a transformative manner to change gendered power dynamics and achieve more equitable gender norms and peaceful outcomes.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 17 (March 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; Gender equality; women’s empowerment; conflict; fragility; fragile situations; development co-operation; donors
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Towards universal social protection
    lessons from the Universal Health Coverage Initiative
    Autor*in: Rim, Ji-Yeun; Tassot, Caroline
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    Universal social protection (USP) is becoming high priority in many developing countries’ agendas. However, information on what has worked well – and not so well – is limited. This study reviews a wide range of recent country experiences with... mehr

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    Universal social protection (USP) is becoming high priority in many developing countries’ agendas. However, information on what has worked well – and not so well – is limited. This study reviews a wide range of recent country experiences with universal health coverage (UHC) financing and implementation in order to draw lessons and help governments elaborate policies for USP and the extension of social protection. It looks at different pathways and delivery and financing challenges to universalism in health coverage and takes a close look at equity issues. It concludes with some key takeaways from UHC implementation and its implications for USP. One important message of this study is that while the UHC experience cannot be mechanically transposed to the USP agenda, a number of lessons can be drawn. Moreover, the benefits in terms of coverage and equity of better integrating USP and UHC appear tremendous.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 20 (September 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; universal social protection; universal health coverage; equity; Burkina Faso; Ghana; India; Indonesia; Kyrgyzstan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Green triangular co-operation
    an accelerator to sustainable development
    Autor*in: Casado-Asensio, Juan; Pelechà Aigües, Néstor; Piefer-Söyler, Nadine
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    This report showcases how triangular co-operation can contribute to achieving ‘green’ objectives (e.g. on climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, biodiversity, desertification, and local environmental issues). Data collected through an... mehr

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    This report showcases how triangular co-operation can contribute to achieving ‘green’ objectives (e.g. on climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, biodiversity, desertification, and local environmental issues). Data collected through an OECD survey on triangular co-operation (2015) and desk research uncovered 224 triangular projects targeting green objectives, involving 91 countries and international organisations, out of a total of 658 triangular co-operation projects for the period 2014-18. Given the available evidence (data, evaluations and interviews with project managers), the report shows that triangular activities can deliver green goals in innovative, flexible and cost-effective ways within and across regions – and thus could help accelerate implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and other international green agreements (e.g. the Paris Agreement). Nevertheless, there are several barriers that prevent further deployment of this modality, including lack of awareness on triangular co-operation among the different green communities, insufficient evidence on the potential of green triangular co-operation, and few dedicated vehicles that can pilot and scale-up successful initiatives. The report proposes a number of recommendations for policy makers to overcome these barriers.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 21 (November 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; green; triangular development co-operation; environment; climate change mitigation and adaptation; biodiversity; green policy; Green growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Decentralised development co-operation
    unlocking the potential of cities and regions
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    The Addis Ababa Action Agenda raises the urgency to address growing financing and capacity needs at all levels of government in developing countries (para. 34) while the 2030 Agenda calls to “localise” the SDGs. In its High Level Communiqué of 31... mehr

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    The Addis Ababa Action Agenda raises the urgency to address growing financing and capacity needs at all levels of government in developing countries (para. 34) while the 2030 Agenda calls to “localise” the SDGs. In its High Level Communiqué of 31 October 2017, the DAC stressed that “complex challenges increasingly require coherent approaches at all levels and co-ordinated, inclusive actions”, remaining “committed to improving quality and impact of our development co-operation policies”. Decentralised development co-operation, or international development co-operation carried out by subnational governments, is one tool OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members can deploy to ensure that development co-operation is fit-for-purpose and responds to the local realities of the 2030 Agenda. The paper provides an assessment of the potential strengthens of decentralised development co-operation approaches as well as new opportunities to overcome longstanding challenges, including through the promotion of new forms of multi-level and multi-stakeholder partnerships.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 22 (December 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; decentralised development co-operation; official development assistance; cities; regions; subnational governments; Addis Ababa Action Agenda; 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Enabling effective triangular co-operation
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    This study provides new insights into factors that enable effective triangular co-operation. These include sound national ecosystems to support triangular partnerships through high-level political will, guiding documents, institutional structures,... mehr

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    This study provides new insights into factors that enable effective triangular co-operation. These include sound national ecosystems to support triangular partnerships through high-level political will, guiding documents, institutional structures, partnerships, resources and management procedures. Furthermore, against the background of the 2030 Agenda and the outcomes of BAPA+40, a shift of thinking from ‘donor-recipient’ relations to ‘partnerships’ needs to run through political discourse, public opinion, strategies and systems of all partners in triangular co-operation. Moreover, for the first time, the issue of ‘transaction costs’ in triangular co-operation is discussed systematically. Based on the research, interviews, and meetings that were conducted for this study, broad agreement emerged that these are investments in the partnership, and should not be regarded as costs. Finally, five options to engage effectively in triangular co-operation are offered. The decision for one of these five approaches, depends on the specific context of the partners that wish to set up new triangular co-operation initiatives. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, thus this study aims to contribute ideas and policy implications based on existing experiences and evidence.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 23 (December 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; Sustainable development; Effectiveness; Transaction costs; Ecosystems for development co-operation; 2030 Agenda; Triangular co-operation; Development co-operation; Sustainable Development Goals
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Financing for refugee situations
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order... mehr

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    Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order to meet those needs effectively and efficiently, financing strategies need to take account of the particularities of large-scale refugee situations. Refugee flows are complex, often protracted, and, require humanitarian, development and peace financing to work in complementary ways. Doing this effectively can create opportunities that are of benefit to both refugees and host communities. This policy paper presents seven principles for improving financing for refugee situations, based on global trends and case studies in three hosting countries (Uganda, Lebanon, and Colombia) and one origin/return country (Central African Republic). Both the quality and the quantity of financing matters to get the greatest value for refugees and their host communities.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 24 (December 2019)
    Schlagworte: Development; Refugee; Displacement; Development Finance; ODA; Foreign Aid; Policy; Developing Countries; New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants; Forced Displacement; Humanitarian; Financing; Burden- and Responsibility-sharing; Global Compact on Refugees
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Putting finance to work for gender equality and women's empowerment
    the way forward
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    The 2030 Agenda aims for a world in which every woman and girl enjoys full gender equality and all legal, social and economic barriers to their empowerment have been removed. Without gender equality and women’s empowerment, the Sustainable... mehr

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    The 2030 Agenda aims for a world in which every woman and girl enjoys full gender equality and all legal, social and economic barriers to their empowerment have been removed. Without gender equality and women’s empowerment, the Sustainable Development Goals will not be achieved. Yet investments into gender equality and women’s empowerment are lagging behind investments for most other goals. Implementing commitments to gender equality and women’s empowerment requires a range of tools and efforts, all underpinned by financial investments. While ODA remains an essential source of financing for gender equality and women’s empowerment, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development commits development actors to a new way of thinking about financing for sustainable development, and official flows beyond ODA are becoming an increasingly important feature. This paper sets out an overview of what we know about the financing landscape for gender equality and women’s empowerment, a way forward in order to ensure more and better financing for gender equality, and some draft principles to guide future efforts.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 25 (January 2020)
    Schlagworte: Development; Gender equality; women’s empowerment; gender investing; financing; SDG5
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Transition finance ABC methodology
    a user's guide to transition finance diagnostics
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, [Paris, France]

    Transition finance offers a flexible approach for development partners to respond to the changing financial needs of developing countries undergoing transition. The transition finance ABC methodology, part of the transition finance toolkit, provides... mehr

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    Transition finance offers a flexible approach for development partners to respond to the changing financial needs of developing countries undergoing transition. The transition finance ABC methodology, part of the transition finance toolkit, provides methodological guidance, metrics, data references and analytical interpretation for users to conduct transition finance diagnostics and country studies. The paper is organised along the sections: assessing, benchmarking and counselling. The first section, assessment, outlines an economic and socio-political mapping of the country and helps to identify the specific transition a country is undergoing. Benchmarking, section two, helps to form country peer groups and contrast development finance to these countries. Building on the analytical results from the first two sections, the last section on counselling gives exemplary policy guidance to respond to the observed transition challenges.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development policy papers ; no. 26 (February 2020)
    Schlagworte: Entwicklungsfinanzierung; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung; Politikberatung; Entwicklungsländer; Development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Managing environmental risks in development banks and development finance institutions
    what role for donor shareholders?
    Autor*in: Morgado, Naeeda Crishna; Taşkın, Özlem
    Erschienen: May 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    How and where infrastructure is built – and how environmental and social risks related to infrastructure are managed – will have a direct influence on whether developing countries pursue more sustainable development pathways or not. Development banks... mehr

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    How and where infrastructure is built – and how environmental and social risks related to infrastructure are managed – will have a direct influence on whether developing countries pursue more sustainable development pathways or not. Development banks and development finance institutions (DFIs) serve as important channels for infrastructure finance, have adopted safeguards systems to minimise and manage the environmental and social risks associated with their projects. This paper provides an overview of these systems and discusses the role of members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in influencing these, in their capacity as shareholders of these institutions. It shows that donor governments influence the policies and activities of development banks, but that the level of engagement varies between bilateral and multilateral development banks and is often determined by internal capacity. The paper argues that donor shareholder governments must continue to play an important role in encouraging development banks to strengthen the implementation of safeguards, which will require continued collaboration within governments, across countries and between development banks and DFIs. Efforts to build the evidence base on the impacts of safeguards in projects will further support this agenda.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development co-operation working paper ; 55
    OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers ; no.55
    Schlagworte: Development; development banks; environment and social safeguards; green investment; development co-operation; development finance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Costa Rica's perspective on total official support for sustainable development (TOSSD)
    Autor*in: Berbegal-Ibáñez, Marisa; Casado-Asensio, Juan; Ruhmann, Friederike; Bejraoui, Aussama; Delalande, Guillaume; Benn, Julia
    Erschienen: May 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    This Working Paper summarises the main findings and recommendations of the pilot study carried out in Costa Rica as part of the development of the total official support for sustainable development (TOSSD) measurement framework. The Paper includes... mehr

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    This Working Paper summarises the main findings and recommendations of the pilot study carried out in Costa Rica as part of the development of the total official support for sustainable development (TOSSD) measurement framework. The Paper includes first approximations of TOSSD flows to Costa Rica. These flows in 2016 amount to around USD 559 million of official development finance and USD 60 million of private finance mobilised through official development interventions. These first estimations were reached using OECD DAC statistics. However, these figures are likely to be largely underestimated owing to a lack of available information, particularly concerning official support to Costa Rica from the People’s Republic of China and other non-DAC providers. The pilot study also indicated that the government is able to access, collect, collate, analyse and use data on external financing to the country using national data, thanks to its institutional and IT systems. However, the legislative framework requires adjustment and there is scope for improving co‑ordination in order to avoid duplication of effort.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development co-operation working paper ; 56
    OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers ; no.56
    Schlagworte: Development; Costa Rica; SDG; Costa Rica Transparency; Economic Development; Development Finance; Sustainable Development; TOSSD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Enabling civil society for sustainable development
    select survey findings
    Autor*in: Wood, Jacqueline; Fällman, Karin
    Erschienen: May 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    Civil society and civil society organisations (CSOs) are important to development co-operation, both as implementing partners for members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and as development actors in their own right. Agenda 2030 is... mehr

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    Civil society and civil society organisations (CSOs) are important to development co-operation, both as implementing partners for members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and as development actors in their own right. Agenda 2030 is clear on the necessity of mobilising CSOs to implement, and uphold accountability for, the Sustainable Development Goals. The Global Partnership for Effective Development Co operation has committed to ensuring effectiveness in relation to CSOs in development co-operation, inclusive of the provision of CSO enabling environments. Recognising that how DAC members work with CSOs is part of CSO enabling environments, in 2017 the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate (DCD) established a work stream on civil society to provide guidance on DAC member support for civil society and a strategy for engaging with civil society. Under the work stream, a study on how DAC members work with CSOs was launched to identify areas of DAC member support to and engagement with CSOs for which guidance is needed. This paper introduces a selection of key findings and recommendations from two 2018-2019 surveys complemented with DAC statistical data. The paper points to evidence of member effort to work with CSOs in ways that enable CSOs to maximise their contribution to development. However, evidence also shows that members need to continuously examine their practices to ensure coherence between objectives and the many advantages that CSOs are seen to bring to development, and the members’ means of support to and engagement with CSOs.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development co-operation working paper ; 57
    OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers ; no.57
    Schlagworte: Development; policy dialogue; CSO; enabling environment; funding; civil society organisation; development co-operation; civil society
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Connecting official development assistance and science, technology and innovation for inclusive development
    measurement challenges from a development assistance committee perspective
    Autor*in: Ericsson, Fredrik; Mealy, Sam
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    Advancements in science and technology are important drivers of economic growth and well-being and have the potential to help countries leapfrog stages of development. Greater investments are needed to strengthen developing countries’ research... mehr

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    Advancements in science and technology are important drivers of economic growth and well-being and have the potential to help countries leapfrog stages of development. Greater investments are needed to strengthen developing countries’ research capacity and exploit the benefits of modern technologies. Financing Science, Technology and innovation (STI) in a developing country context is difficult, however. This paper tests a novel methodology to assess STI-related development finance starting from development finance data reported to the OECD through the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database. Using this experimental methodology, total development finance to STI over the past years is estimated. Some suggestions to improve the measurement of STI in a development context are provided. Should that box be removed now?

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development co-operation working paper ; 58
    OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers ; no.58
    Schlagworte: Development; Official development assistance; Science; Technology; Innovation; Financing; sustainable development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Blended finance funds and facilities
    2018 survey results : part I: investment strategy
    Autor*in: Basile, Irene; Dutra, Jarrett
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    The OECD Survey on Blended Finance Funds and Facilities represents a major step forward to consolidate evidence and provide further policy guidance in support of the OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles, whose focus is unlocking commercial finance for... mehr

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    The OECD Survey on Blended Finance Funds and Facilities represents a major step forward to consolidate evidence and provide further policy guidance in support of the OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles, whose focus is unlocking commercial finance for the Sustainable Development Goals. This working paper presents findings from the 2018 survey edition relating to the management, capital structure, investment strategy and portfolio allocation of the surveyed blended finance funds and facilities. The quantitative analysis is complemented by the OECD statistics on private finance mobilised by official development interventions and by information provided by Convergence. It will be followed by another OECD Development Co-operation working paper discussing the development strategy, performance tracking and evaluation approach. The 180 responses received illustrate to what extent blended finance funds and facilities vary widely in characteristics and functioning. Collectively, the managing organisations reported over USD 60.2 billion invested in 111 developing countries at the end of 2017. This new evidence confirms trends observed on the broader blended finance market (priority sectors, geographical coverage, targeted SDGs), while shedding light on additional aspects (e.g. investors, clients and investment instruments).

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development co-operation working paper ; 59
    OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers ; no.59
    Schlagworte: Development; development; development co-operation; blended finance; development finance; investment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Transition finance country study Viet Nam
    on the threshold of transition
    Autor*in: Kim, Jieun; Poensgen, Konstantin
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    Based on the “ABC” approach targeted to assess all available sources of financing (official development finance, private investment, domestic resources, and remittances), the Viet Nam country pilot study explores the challenges of transition finance... mehr

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    Based on the “ABC” approach targeted to assess all available sources of financing (official development finance, private investment, domestic resources, and remittances), the Viet Nam country pilot study explores the challenges of transition finance in a middle-income country in the Asia-Pacific region. After launching a series of successful reforms beginning in the late 1980s, Viet Nam has undergone an impressive transformation, which turned the country from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy and from a low-income to a lower middle-income country. At the same time, Viet Nam is moving from a relatively high reliance on ODA and other external sources towards non-concessional sources and domestic sources. Through evolving partnerships, development partners can align their support with newly arising needs, actively supporting Viet Nam overcome the middle-income trap and move towards a trajectory for more sustainable development.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD development co-operation working paper ; 60
    OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers ; no.60
    Schlagworte: Development; Viet Nam; middle-income trap; IDA graduation; debt sustainability; LDC; Addis Ababa Action Agenda; SDGs; financing for sustainable development; transition finance; Viet Nam; concessional finance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen