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  1. Occupation-based life expectancy
    actuarial fairness in determining statutory retirement age
    Autor*in: Deeg, Dorly; De Tavernier, Wouter; Breij, Sascha de
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Netspar, Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement, [Tilburg]

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2021, 018 (8)
    Schlagworte: retirement age; occupation; longevity; health; longitudinal study
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Efficiency versus insurance: capital income taxation and privatizing social security
    Autor*in: Makarski, Krzysztof; Tyrowicz, Joanna; Komada, Oliwia
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study the interactions between capital income tax and social security privatization in the context of rising longevity. In an economy with idiosyncratic income shocks, redistributive defined benefit social security provides some insurance against... mehr

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    We study the interactions between capital income tax and social security privatization in the context of rising longevity. In an economy with idiosyncratic income shocks, redistributive defined benefit social security provides some insurance against income uncertainty. This insurance comes at the expense of efficiency loss due to labor supply distortions. The existing view in the literature states that reducing this distortion by introducing (partially funded) defined contribution social security would reduce welfare because the loss of insurance and the transitory fiscal gap dominate the efficiency gains. However, prior research financed the transitory costs of the reform by taxing consumption. We show that in the context of longevity, capital income taxation provides a superior alternative: welfare gains are sufficient to outweigh the loss of insurance and transitory fiscal gap. We provide explanations for a mechanism behind this result and we reconcile our results with the earlier literature.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250466
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14805
    Schlagworte: social security reform; capital income taxation; longevity; fiscal policy; welfare effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Medical innovations and ageing
    a health economics perspective
    Autor*in: Grossmann, Volker
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper discusses the relationship between medical innovations and ageing from a health economics perspective and surveys empirical evidence on medical R&D incentives, R&D costs of pharmaceuticals, and the cost-effectiveness of health innovations.... mehr

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    This paper discusses the relationship between medical innovations and ageing from a health economics perspective and surveys empirical evidence on medical R&D incentives, R&D costs of pharmaceuticals, and the cost-effectiveness of health innovations. Particular focus is on the endogeneity of medical technological progress to expected market size and on the conceptualization of ageing as an accumulation of health deficits. The paper also discusses the role of medical progress for longevity and health inequality and presents a framework to assess the effect of increased longevity on the value of life.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248932
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9387 (2021)
    Schlagworte: healthcare; health deficits; health innovations; medical technological progress; longevity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Health endowments, schooling allocation in the family, and longevity: evidence from US twins
    Autor*in: Savelyev, Peter A.; Ward, Benjamin C.; Krueger, Robert F.; MacGue, Matthew
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We analyze data from the Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR), combined with the Socioeconomic Survey of Twins (SST), and new mortality data, and contribute to two bodies of literature. First, we demonstrate a beneficial causal effect of education on health... mehr

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    We analyze data from the Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR), combined with the Socioeconomic Survey of Twins (SST), and new mortality data, and contribute to two bodies of literature. First, we demonstrate a beneficial causal effect of education on health and longevity in contrast to other twin-based studies of the US population, which show little or no effect of education on health. Second, we present evidence that parents compensate for differences in their children's health endowments through education, but find no evidence that parents reinforce differences in skill endowments. We argue that there is a bias towards detecting reinforcement both in this paper and in the literature. Despite this bias, we still find statistical evidence of compensating behavior. We account for observed and unobserved confounding factors, sample selection bias, and measurement error in education.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245651
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14600
    Schlagworte: health endowment; skill endowment; intrafamily resource allocation; education; health; longevity; twin study; Minnesota Twin Registry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten)
  5. Linking retirement age to life expectancy does not lessen the demographic implications of unequal lifespans
    Autor*in: Álvarez, Jesús-Adrián; Kallestrup-Lamb, Malene; Kjærgaard, Søren
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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    Schriftenreihe: CREATES research paper ; 2020, 17
    Schlagworte: Danish pension system; longevity; socio-economic disparities; lifespan inequality; pensions; mortality heterogeneity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Longevity forecasting by socio-economic groups using compositional data analysis
    Autor*in: Kjærgaard, Søren; Ergemen, Yunus Emre; Boucher, Marie-Pier Bergeron; Oeppenand, Jim; Kallestrup-Lamb, Malene
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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    Schriftenreihe: CREATES research paper ; 2019, 8
    Schlagworte: Compositional data; forecasting; longevity; pension; socioeconomic groups
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The implications of ageing for business dynamics
    Autor*in: Fedotenkov, Igor; Vandeplas, Anneleen
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics And Business, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, Leuven, Belgium

    This paper studies the link between the demographic structure of populations and firm entry rates in the European Union. We find that firm entry rates have a hump-shaped relationship with human demography, with the 40-54 age group having the... mehr

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    This paper studies the link between the demographic structure of populations and firm entry rates in the European Union. We find that firm entry rates have a hump-shaped relationship with human demography, with the 40-54 age group having the strongest positive impact on firm entry. Potential mechanisms through which this relationship may arise include labour market participation, demand and access to entrepreneurship (linked with experience and access to finance). Perhaps more surprisingly, firm entry again picks up with generations aged 80 and over expanding. This could relate to the fact that a larger 80+ age cohort reflects greater longevity, which in turn increases savings, reduces interest rates and therefore increases availability of external financing. When controlling for life expectancy and interest rates, the coefficient corresponding to the 80+ age cohort sharply declines and becomes insignificant. Based on the results of the analysis, we assess the implications of our results for firm entry rates by 2025 and 2030, using UN population projections.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267924
    Schriftenreihe: LICOS discussion paper series ; 428 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Firm entry rates; demographic structure; longevity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Human capital formation
    the importance of endogenous longevity
    Autor*in: Galama, Titus J.; Van Kippersluis, Hans
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    We present a theory of human capital, with its two most essential components, health capital and, what we term, skill capital, endogenously determined within the model. Using the theory, and a calibrated version of it, we uncover and highlight an... mehr

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    We present a theory of human capital, with its two most essential components, health capital and, what we term, skill capital, endogenously determined within the model. Using the theory, and a calibrated version of it, we uncover and highlight an important economic mechanism driving human-capital formation, socio-economic and health disparities, human-capital based economic growth, and causal relations among the stocks of wealth, skill and health, namely whether individuals can influence their own length of life (endogenous longevity). Without the ability of individuals to influence their longevity, the effects of health, skill and wealth on later-life skill and health are muted. Any additional health, skill or wealth is not used for additional investment, but essentially consumed. These findings have important implications for the modeling of, and our understanding of, human-capital formation, disparities in human capital and health, and human-capital based economic growth.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263946
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2022, 026
    Schlagworte: health investment; education; human capital; health capital; dynamic optimal control; longevity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. A health economic theory of occupational choice, aging, and longevity
    Autor*in: Strulik, Holger
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen

    In this paper, I propose a life cycle model of occupational choice with endogenous health behavior, aging, and longevity. Health-demanding work leads to a faster accumulation of health deficits and is remunerated with a hazard markup on wages. Health... mehr

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    In this paper, I propose a life cycle model of occupational choice with endogenous health behavior, aging, and longevity. Health-demanding work leads to a faster accumulation of health deficits and is remunerated with a hazard markup on wages. Health deficit accumulation is also influenced by unhealthy consumption and health care expenditure. I calibrate the model for a 20 year old average American in 2010 and show the following results, among others. Health-demanding work is ceteris paribus preferred by male, young, and healthy individuals with a relatively low level of education. Health demanding work has a negligible effect on health behavior because income and health investment effects largely offset each other, implying that health effects can be attributed almost fully to the direct health burden of work. Better medical technology induces low-skilled individuals to spend a greater part of their life in health-demanding work and thus increases the health gradient of education. High wealth endowments protect against unhealthy occupational choices. I show robustness of the results in an extension of the model with regard to endogenous retirement.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250288
    Schriftenreihe: University of Göttingen working paper in economics ; no. 432 (February 2022)
    Schlagworte: occupational choice; health behavior; health deficits; aging; longevity; retirement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Are long-lived persons utility monsters?
    Autor*in: Ponthière, Grégory
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Nozick's "utility monster" - a being who is more efficient than other persons at transforming resources into well-being - is often regarded as deeply impossible, on the ground of the incapacity of a single person to have a life that is better than a... mehr

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    Nozick's "utility monster" - a being who is more efficient than other persons at transforming resources into well-being - is often regarded as deeply impossible, on the ground of the incapacity of a single person to have a life that is better than a large number of other lives. In this article, I defend a purely marginalist view of the "utility monster", that is, that the primary characteristic of a "utility monster" is a higher sensitivity, at the margin, of well-being to resources, rather than a larger total well-being. I propose three purely marginalist accounts of "utility monster" and I introduce the related concept of "collective utility monster", in order to account for the collective predation of (almost) all resources by a group of persons. I argue that, although a long-lived person, if taken separately, could hardly belong to the category of "utility monster", a large group of long-lived persons can, under some conditions, belong to the category of "collective utility monster". In the light of the increasingly large proportion of cohorts reaching very old ages nowadays, Nozick's objection against utilitarianism turns out, after a thorough review, to be most relevant for real-world aging societies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265369
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1186
    Schlagworte: longevity; mortality; inequalities; utilitarianism; Nozick's utility monster
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Life cycle economics with infectious and chronic diseases
    Autor*in: Strulik, Holger; Grossmann, Volker
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    In this paper, we develop a life cycle model in which health and longevity are threatened by infectious and chronic diseases. The model captures that the susceptibility and severity of infectious diseases depend on the accumulated health deficits... mehr

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    In this paper, we develop a life cycle model in which health and longevity are threatened by infectious and chronic diseases. The model captures that the susceptibility and severity of infectious diseases depend on the accumulated health deficits (immunosenescence) and that the life history of infections affects the accumulation of chronic health deficits (inammaging). Individuals invest in their health to slow down health deficit accumulation and take measures to protect themselves from infectious diseases. We calibrate the model for an average American and explore how health expenditure, life expectancy, and the value of life depend on individual characteristics, medical technology, and the disease environment. We then use counterfactual computational experiments of the U.S. epidemiological transition 1860-2010 to show that the decline of infectious diseases caused a substantial decline of chronic diseases and contributed more to increasing life expectancy than advances in the treatment of chronic diseases. Finally, we use the model to investigate behaviour and long-term health outcomes in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. We predict that the pandemic will shorten the life expectancy of middle-aged people almost as much as that of older people because of inammaging and the self-productivity of health deficits.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271785
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10141 (2022)
    Schlagworte: health behaviour; infections; health deficits; longevity; epidemiological transition; Covid-19; immonuosenescence; inflammaging
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Fixed and variable longevity annuities in defined contribution plans
    optimal retirement portfolios taking social security into account
    Autor*in: Horneff, Vanya; Maurer, Raimond; Mitchell, Olivia S.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Center for Financial Studies, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper investigates retirees' optimal purchases of fixed and variable longevity income annuities using their defined contribution (DC) plan assets and given their expected Social Security benefits. As an alternative, we also evaluate using plan... mehr

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    This paper investigates retirees' optimal purchases of fixed and variable longevity income annuities using their defined contribution (DC) plan assets and given their expected Social Security benefits. As an alternative, we also evaluate using plan assets to boost Social Security benefits through delayed claiming. We determine that including deferred income annuities in DC accounts is welfare enhancing for all sex/education groups examined. We also show that providing access to well-designed variable deferred annuities with some equity exposure further enhances retiree wellbeing, compared to having access only to fixed annuities. Nevertheless, for the least educated, delaying claiming Social Security is preferred, whereas the most educated benefit more from using accumulated DC plan assets to purchase deferred annuities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/268888
    Schriftenreihe: CFS working paper series ; no. 684
    Schlagworte: lifecycle saving; retirement plan; annuity; longevity; delayed claiming; household finance
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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Testing methods to enhance longevity awareness
    Autor*in: Mitchell, Olivia S.; Sade, Orly; Hurwitz, Abigail
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, [Frankfurt am Main]

    Many people do not understand the concepts of life expectancy and longevity risk, potentially leading them to under-save for retirement or to not purchase longevity insurance, which in turn could reduce wellbeing at older ages. We investigate... mehr

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    Many people do not understand the concepts of life expectancy and longevity risk, potentially leading them to under-save for retirement or to not purchase longevity insurance, which in turn could reduce wellbeing at older ages. We investigate alternative ways to increase the salience of both concepts, allowing us to assess whether these change peoples' perceptions and financial decision making. Using randomly-assigned vignettes providing subjects with information about either life expectancy or longevity, we show that merely prompting people to think about financial decisions changes their perceptions regarding subjective survival probabilities. Moreover, this information also boosts respondents' interest in saving and demand for longevity insurance. In particular, longevity information influences both subjective survival probabilities and financial decisions, while life expectancy information influences only annuity choices. We provide some evidence that many people are simply unaware of longevity risk.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267519
    Schriftenreihe: SAFE working paper ; no. 375 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: retirement expectations; annuity; longevity; life expectancy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The unbearable weight of aging
    how to deal with the "demographic time bomb"
    Autor*in: Nersisyan, Yeva; Liu, Xinhua; Wray, L. Randall
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  Levy Economics Institute, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY

    The aging of the global population is in the headlines following a report that China's population fell as deaths surpassed births. Pundits worry that a declining Chinese workforce means trouble for other economies that have come to rely on China's... mehr

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    The aging of the global population is in the headlines following a report that China's population fell as deaths surpassed births. Pundits worry that a declining Chinese workforce means trouble for other economies that have come to rely on China's exports. France is pushing through an increase of the retirement age in the face of what is called a demographic "time bomb" facing rich nations, created by rising longevity and low birthrates. As we approach the debt limit in the US, while President Biden has promised to protect Social Security, many have returned to the argument that the program is financially unsustainable. This paper argues that most of the discussion and policy solutions proposed surrounding aging of populations are misfocused on supposed financial challenges when they should be directed toward the challenges facing resource provision. From the resource perspective, the burden of caring for tomorrow's seniors seems far less challenging. Indeed, falling fertility rates and an end to global population growth should be welcomed. With fewer children and longer lives, investment in the workers of the future will ensure growth of productivity that will provide the resources necessary to support a higher ratio of retirees to those of working age. Global population growth will peak and turn negative, reducing demands on earth's biosphere and making it easier to transition to environmental sustainability. Rather than facing a demographic "time bomb," we can welcome the transition to a mature-aged profile.

     
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    hdl: 10419/283209
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Levy Economics Institute of Bard College ; no. 1018
    Schlagworte: Aging; population bomb; demographic time bomb; dependency ratios; birthrates; longevity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Predicting individual-level longevity with statistical and machine learning methods
    Autor*in: Badolato, Luca; Decter-Frain, Ari; Irons, Nicholas J.; Miranda, Maria; Walk, Erin; Zhalieva, Elnura; Alexander, Monica; Basellini, Ugofilippo; Zagheni, Emilio
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany

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    Schriftenreihe: MPIDR working paper ; WP 2023, 008 (February 2023)
    Schlagworte: USA; forecasts; inequality; longevity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Trends in the female longevity advantage of 19th-century birth cohorts
    exploring the role of place and fertility
    Autor*in: Fletcher, Jason; Topping, Michael; Joo, Won-tak
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper uses massive online genealogy data from the United States over the 19th century to estimate period and cohort-based sex differences in longevity. Following previous work, we find a longevity reversal in the mid-19th century that expanded... mehr

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    This paper uses massive online genealogy data from the United States over the 19th century to estimate period and cohort-based sex differences in longevity. Following previous work, we find a longevity reversal in the mid-19th century that expanded rapidly for at least a half century. For measures of conditional survival past childbearing age, females enjoyed a longevity advantage for the whole century. Unlike most mortality databases of this period, genealogical data allows analysis of spatial patterns and of the impacts of fertility on longevity. Our results suggest very limited evidence of spatial (state) variation in these patterns. We do, however, find evidence that the associations between fertility and longevity partially explain the trends.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272645
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16018
    Schlagworte: longevity; sex differences; US; genealogy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Essays on insurance economics
    Autor*in: Ghavibazoo, Omid
    Erschienen: 2023

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.14171/107714
    5279
    Schlagworte: Pflegeversicherung; Anforderung; Risikoeinstellung; Morbidität; Langlebigkeit; long-term care insurance; demand; risk attitude; morbidity; longevity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 145 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, University of St.Gallen, 2022
  18. Life expectancy heterogeneity and the political support for collective annuities
    Autor*in: Cremer, Helmuth; De Donder, Philippe
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IDEI, Toulouse

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / IDEI ; 827
    Schlagworte: generosity; redistributiveness; pay-as-you-go pensions; collective annuity; longevity; Kramer-Shepsle structure-induced equilibrium
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (26 S.)
  19. The effect of marital status on life expectancy
    is cohabitation as protective as marriage?
    Autor*in: Balter, Anne; Bjerre, Dorethe Skovgaard; Kallestrup-Lamb, Malene
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Netspar, Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement, [Tilburg]

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2023, 059 (04)
    Schlagworte: Cohabitation; health expenditure; life expectancies; longevity; marital status; mortality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Optimal health investment and preferences structure
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  CERDI, Clermont-Ferrand

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 332 (2015,7)
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Etudes et documents / CERDI ; 2015,07
    Schlagworte: Consumption; health investment; preferences structure; wage rates; longevity; opportunity costs
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (43 S.), graph. Darst.
  21. Human lifetime entropy in a historical perspective (1750-2014)
    Autor*in: Meyer, Patrick; Ponthière, Grégory
    Erschienen: [2016]
    Verlag:  Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques, Paris

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 331 (2016,30)
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Paris School of Economics ; no 2016, 30
    Schlagworte: mortality risk; longevity; age at death; entropy; measurement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen