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  1. Gender equality and tourism
    beyond empowerment
    Beteiligt: Cole, Stroma (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  CABI, Wallingford

    Drawing on the theme of gender equality in tourism, this book aims to identify the main obstacles to women's advancement in the tourism industry, and to discover and share successful strategies to overcome them, drawing on case studies from all over... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Standort:
    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Hochschule Stralsund, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim
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    Drawing on the theme of gender equality in tourism, this book aims to identify the main obstacles to women's advancement in the tourism industry, and to discover and share successful strategies to overcome them, drawing on case studies from all over the world. Interlaced between the 12 chapters of the book are stories from women who work in tourism. The chapters and stories that make up this book explore women's stories of empowerment beyond the neoliberal conceptualizations of economic improvement, to highlight the structural inequalities that prevent true gender equality. The collection points to the slow and small changes that women are making and how women are using the transformations tourism brings to their advantage. The book has a subject index.

     
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  2. Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups
    Autor*in: Caliendo, Marco; Kritikos, Alexander; Rodríguez, Daniel; Stier, Claudia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: CEPA discussion papers ; no. 61 (January 2023)
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; firm performance; general self-efficacy; survival; job creation; innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten, 639 KB), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growth-oriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators
  3. Customer data access and fintech entry
    early evidence from open banking
    Autor*in: Babina, Tania; Bahaj, Saleem; Buchak, Greg; De Marco, Filippo; Foulis, Angus; Gornall, Will; Mazzola, Francesco; Yu, Tong
    Erschienen: 01 February 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

    Open banking (OB) empowers bank customers to share transaction data with fintechs and other banks. 49 countries have adopted OB policies. Consumer trust in fintechs predicts OB policy adoption and adoption spurs investment in fintechs. UK microdata... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Open banking (OB) empowers bank customers to share transaction data with fintechs and other banks. 49 countries have adopted OB policies. Consumer trust in fintechs predicts OB policy adoption and adoption spurs investment in fintechs. UK microdata shows that OB enables: i) consumers to access both financial advice and credit; ii) SMEs to establish new fintech lending relationships. In a calibrated model, OB universally improves welfare through entry and product improvements when used for advice. When used for credit, OB promotes entry and competition by reducing adverse selection, but higher prices for costlier or privacy-conscious consumers partially offset these benefits.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18797
    Schlagworte: open banking; data access; entrepreneurship; Financial regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Investor tax breaks and financing for start-ups
    evidence from China
    Autor*in: Güçeri, Irem; Hou, Xipei; Xing, Jing
    Erschienen: 01 July 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP19199
    Schlagworte: venture capital; angel investment; tax incentives; entrepreneurship
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Does gender of firm ownership matter?
    female entrepreneurs and the gender pay gap
    Autor*in: Kritikos, Alexander; Maliranta, Mika; Nippala, Veera; Nurmi, Satu
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  University of Potsdam, Potsdam

    We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is - starting from a... mehr

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    We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is - starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12 percent - two to three percentage-points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role for the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses in male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10 percent also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others - firm managers - determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CEPA discussion papers ; no. 76 (May 2024)
    Schlagworte: discrimination; entrepreneurship; gender pay gap; linked employer-employee data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten, 721 KB), Illustrationen; Tabellen
  6. Digitale Pioniere als Schlüsselakteure ländlicher Governance
    kommunale Perspektiven auf das Forschungsprojekt "DigPion"
    Autor*in: Binder, Julia; Bembnista, Kamil; Mettenberger, Tobias; Ulrich, Peter; Witting, Antje; Zeißig, Hanna; Zscherneck, Julia
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Universitätsverlag Potsdam, Potsdam

    Zentrale Aufgaben von Kommunen in Deutschland umfassen die Gewährleistung der Daseinsvorsorge, des öffentlichen Verkehrs, Wirtschaftsförderung, Zugang zu ausreichender Breitbandinfrastruktur, gesundheitliche und soziale Betreuung und Zugang zu... mehr

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    Zentrale Aufgaben von Kommunen in Deutschland umfassen die Gewährleistung der Daseinsvorsorge, des öffentlichen Verkehrs, Wirtschaftsförderung, Zugang zu ausreichender Breitbandinfrastruktur, gesundheitliche und soziale Betreuung und Zugang zu kulturellem Leben. Kommunen in ländlichen Regionen stehen gleichzeitig vor zahlreichen gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und politischen Herausforderungen. Neuartige Ansätze und innovative Akteure und Netzwerke werden daher im Kontext der Schaffung von sozialen oder digitalen Innovationen von den Kommunen als Antwort auf diese Herausforderungen begrüßt, stoßen aber auch teilweise auf Barrieren. In dem Sammelband wird von den Herausgebenden die Frage untersucht, wie sich digitale Vorreiter:innen, die wir „Digitale Pioniere“ nennen, in ländlichen Regionen vernetzen, um einen positiven Beitrag zur ländlichen Regionalentwicklung zu leisten. Dabei liegt der Fokus hauptsächlich auf der kommunalpolitischen Ebene und auf der Frage, wie Digitale Pioniere als Schlüsselakteure in der ländlichen Governance agieren. Die Forschungsergebnisse kommunaler Governance sind anhand ländlicher Untersuchungsteilregionen in Baden-Württemberg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „DigPion – Digitale Pioniere in der ländlichen Regionalentwicklung“ (2020–2023) erarbeitet worden. Abschließend wird überprüft, wie die Erkenntnisse und erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen für das Bundesland Brandenburg zu übertragen sind.

     
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    ISBN: 9783869565712
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    RVK Klassifikation: MG 15767
    Schriftenreihe: KWI Schriften ; 14
    Schlagworte: Daseinsvorsorge; Digitalisierung; Entrepreneurship; Regionalentwicklung; lokale Governance; ländliche Räume digitalization; entrepreneurship; local governance; public services; regional development; rural areas
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten, 10928 KB), Illustrationen
  7. Access to digital finances
    equity crowdfunding across countries and platforms
    Autor*in: Estrin, Saul; Khavul, Susanna; Kritikos, Alexander; Löher, Jonas
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  University of Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Schriftenreihe: CEPA discussion papers ; no. 72 (Januar 2024)
    Schlagworte: equity crowdfunding; soft information; entrepreneurship; finance; financial access and inclusion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten, 611 KB), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Financing entrepreneurship spurs innovation and economic growth. Digital financial platforms that crowdfund equity for entrepreneurs have emerged globally, yet they remain poorly understood. We model equity crowdfunding in terms of the relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised per pitch. We examine heterogeneity in the average amount raised per pitch that is associated with differences across three countries and seven platforms. Using a novel dataset of successful fundraising on the most prominent platforms in the UK, Germany, and the USA, we find the underlying relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised for entrepreneurs is loglinear, with a coefficient less than one and concave to the origin. We identify significant variation in the average amount invested in each pitch across countries and platforms. Our findings have implications for market actors as well as regulators who set competitive frameworks
  8. Zur Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen im Unternehmertum
    Autor*in: Kay, Rosemarie
    Erschienen: 12. Dezember 2023
    Verlag:  Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn, Bonn

    Obwohl die Anzahl der weiblichen Selbstständigen über die letzten Jahrzehnte stärker gestiegen ist als die der männlichen, ist weiterhin eine deutliche Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen im Unternehmertum zu beobachten. Die Selbstständigkeitsneigung von... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Obwohl die Anzahl der weiblichen Selbstständigen über die letzten Jahrzehnte stärker gestiegen ist als die der männlichen, ist weiterhin eine deutliche Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen im Unternehmertum zu beobachten. Die Selbstständigkeitsneigung von Frauen verharrt nicht nur in Deutschland seit langem auf einem deutlich niedrigeren Niveau als die der Männer. Gleichwohl bestehen in dieser Hinsicht auch innerhalb Deutschlands deutliche Unterschiede, denen es sich weiter nachzugehen lohnt. Der Gender Gap tut sich bereits zu Beginn des unternehmerischen Prozesses auf – Frauen entwickeln deutlich seltener als Männer ein Gründungsinteresse. In späteren Phasen geht die Schere kaum noch weiter auseinander. Deswegen müssten sich Maßnahmen zum Abbau der Unterrepräsentanz vorrangig auf die Stimulie-rung eines Gründungsinteresses von Frauen richten. Although the number of self-employed women has increased more than men in recent decades, there is still a clear under-representation of women in entrepreneurship. The propensity of women to become self-employed has long remained at a significantly lower level than that of men, and not only in Germany. Nevertheless, there are also clear differences within Germany, which are worth investigating further. The gender gap is already apparent at the beginning of the entrepreneurial process - women are significantly less likely to develop an interest in starting a business than men. In later phases, the gap hardly widens any further. Therefore, measures to reduce the under-representation of women should primarily focus on stimulating an interest in starting a business.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    hdl: 10419/281760
    Schriftenreihe: Daten und Fakten / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung ; Nr. 34
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; gender gap; Germany; Unternehmertum; Geschlechterunterschiede; Deutschland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Policy brief on refugee entrepreneurship
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD, [Paris, France]

    This policy brief assesses the potential of entrepreneurship to be used as a tool for the integration of refugees into the labour market. It discusses the challenges faced in business creation by these potential entrepreneurs, as well as the... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This policy brief assesses the potential of entrepreneurship to be used as a tool for the integration of refugees into the labour market. It discusses the challenges faced in business creation by these potential entrepreneurs, as well as the opportunities created by their situation. It also discusses different policy approaches used to support refugees in business creation and the keys to their success. This policy brief is part of a series of reports produced by the OECD on inclusive entrepreneurship. The series includes policy briefs on women’s entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurship, access to business start-up finance for inclusive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship among people with disabilities, as a well as the report series “The Missing Entrepreneurs”.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers ; no. 14
    Schlagworte: Economics; entrepreneurship; inclusion; refugees; SME; immigrants; migration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Data analytics in SMEs
    trends and policies
    Autor*in: Bianchini, Marco; Michalkova, Veronika
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD, [Paris, France]

    The report contextualises the role of data analytics in the ongoing digital revolution and its potential for SME performance, including for enhancing SME productivity. It presents evidence on the use of data analytics in SMEs, discusses main internal... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The report contextualises the role of data analytics in the ongoing digital revolution and its potential for SME performance, including for enhancing SME productivity. It presents evidence on the use of data analytics in SMEs, discusses main internal and external barriers to the use of data analytics by SMEs, and illustrates policy approaches to foster data-driven decision-making in SMEs.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers ; no. 15
    Schlagworte: Science and Technology; Economics; Industry and Services; SMEs; entrepreneurship; digital; data analytics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Enhancing SME productivity
    policy highlights on the role of managerial skills, workforce skills and business linkages
    Autor*in: Marchese, Marco; Giuliani, Elisa; Salazar-Elena, Juan Carlos; Stone, Ian
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  OECD, [Paris, France]

    Based on an extensive review of the academic and policy literature, this paper focuses on the role of managerial skills, workforce skills and business linkages in enhancing SME productivity. The paper is structured as follows. First, it presents... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Based on an extensive review of the academic and policy literature, this paper focuses on the role of managerial skills, workforce skills and business linkages in enhancing SME productivity. The paper is structured as follows. First, it presents estimates on productivity gaps by firm size to show that, while SMEs are on average less productive than large companies, productivity gaps change significantly depending on the specific size and sector of the firm. Second, it provides an overview on the main firm-level drivers of SME productivity, i.e. factors internal to the firm that directly affect SME performance, such as managerial and workforce skills, the use of ICT, R&D investments, etc. Third, it delves into the relation between SME productivity, on the one hand, and managerial skills, workforce skills and business linkages, on the other, which has been investigated through three thematic workshops organised by the OECD in collaboration with the Government of Mexico over the period 2016-2018..

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers ; no. 16
    Schlagworte: Employment; Economics; Entrepreneurship; SME; Skills; Business linkages; SMEs; entrepreneurship; digital; data analytics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Discriminatory laws against women
    a survey of the literature
    Autor*in: Roy, Sanchari
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper reviews the empirical literature on the existence and impact of gender discriminatory laws on women's outcomes across various domains (categories) that constitute the Women in Business and the Law measure of gender inequality. The evidence... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper reviews the empirical literature on the existence and impact of gender discriminatory laws on women's outcomes across various domains (categories) that constitute the Women in Business and the Law measure of gender inequality. The evidence to date suggests that there are significant negative consequences of legal gender discrimination on women's outcomes. However, there is considerable variation in the depth of the literature across different domains. In addition, a significant share of the evidence for certain domains is drawn from developed countries, which raises questions about its relevance for developing countries. The literature also highlights some potential unintended consequences of well-intended policy interventions to address legal gender discrimination in certain domains. The paper concludes with a discussion of the various theories relating women's legal rights to their outcomes

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 8719
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagworte: gender discrimination; women’s legal rights; mobility; assets; labour market; entrepreneurship; marriage; childcare; pensions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Policy brief on home-based businesses
    Autor*in: Reuschke, Darja; Domecka, Markieta
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  OECD, [Paris, France]

    This policy brief examines the phenomenon of home-based entrepreneurship. It provides information on the types of businesses that entrepreneurs are most likely to operate out of the home, their reasons for this choice, and barriers to the development... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This policy brief examines the phenomenon of home-based entrepreneurship. It provides information on the types of businesses that entrepreneurs are most likely to operate out of the home, their reasons for this choice, and barriers to the development of home-based businesses. It examines how public policy approaches can better support home-based businesses, including removing hindrances in regulations and improving access to business development services. Key policy lessons are highlighted, including on how policy makers can increase social and labour market inclusion through taking better account of home-based businesses. This policy brief is part of a series of reports produced by the OECD on inclusive entrepreneurship. The series includes policy briefs on women’s entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurship, access to business start-up finance for inclusive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship by the disabled, as a well as reports on ‘The Missing Entrepreneurs’.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers ; no. 11
    Schlagworte: inclusion; SME; home-based; entrepreneurship; Industry and Services
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Policy brief on women's entrepreneurship
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This policy brief on women in entrepreneurship was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. It explores the gender gap in entrepreneurship, the differences between male- and female-owned businesses, and the unique challenges that female... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Standort:
    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This policy brief on women in entrepreneurship was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. It explores the gender gap in entrepreneurship, the differences between male- and female-owned businesses, and the unique challenges that female entrepreneurs face when it comes to starting a business. Policy makers can support female entrepreneurs by promoting a positive attitude and female role models, offering training courses and mentoring, facilitating access to finance, and ensuring that their policies help women to participate in the labour market. This policy brief is part of a series of documents produced by the OECD and the European Commission on inclusive entrepreneurship. The series includes policy briefs on youth entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, evaluation of inclusive entrepreneurship programmes, access to business start-up finance for inclusive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship by the disabled as a well as a report on ‘The Missing Entrepreneurs’. All these documents are available in English, French and German. They are available at www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/inclusive-entrepreneurship.htm.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers ; no. 8
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; women; SME; Economics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Using experimental evidence to inform firm support programs in developing countries
    Autor*in: Grover, Arti; Imbruno, Michele
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    Countries design programs for supporting firms, with varying levels of success. Firm growth is constrained by several factors, such as low firm capabilities (e.g. management), availability of finance, and access to markets. Based on the available... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Countries design programs for supporting firms, with varying levels of success. Firm growth is constrained by several factors, such as low firm capabilities (e.g. management), availability of finance, and access to markets. Based on the available experimental evidence on firm support programs in developing countries, this paper makes three broad observations. First, there are huge knowledge gaps in understanding the success of instruments that alleviate firm constraints. Various instruments, such as early-stage equity finance, incubators, and accelerators, remain untested due to the lack of good design, results framework, or monitoring and evaluation systems and so on. Second, since these interventions are expensive, policy makers expect such programs to be designed more effectively to pursue their objectives. However, evidence provides little guidance on the criterion for firm selection because the existing evaluations of instruments reveal little information on the heterogeneous impact by firm characteristics, such as the age, size, sector, and location of firms. Third, most interventions seek to address only one of the broad constraints faced by firms. To this end, the paper concludes with a novel proposal for a firm support program that attempts to sequentially address multiple constraints to firm growth. This program will be implemented in Malawi through the "Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Scaling" project

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 9461
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagworte: firm performance; constraints; support program; randomized control trial; entrepreneurship
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Financial frictions and firm informality
    a general equilibrium perspective
    Autor*in: Franjo, Luis; Pouokam, Nathalie; Turino, Francesco
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    In this paper we build a model of occupational choice with informal production and progressive income taxation. We calibrate the model to the Brazilian economy to evaluate the impact of removing financial frictions on informality. We find that... mehr

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    In this paper we build a model of occupational choice with informal production and progressive income taxation. We calibrate the model to the Brazilian economy to evaluate the impact of removing financial frictions on informality. We find that financial deepening leads to a drop in the size of the informal sector (from 37 percent to 22 percent of official GDP), to an increase in measured TFP (by 4 percent), to an increase in official GDP (by 27 percent), to a decrease in tax evasion (by 17 percent) and to an increase in fiscal revenues (by 15 percent). When assessing the response of this policy at different levels of financial development, we find a non-linear relationship between the credit-to-GDP ratio on the one hand, and either the size of the informal economy, or GDP per capita on the other hand. We test these features with cross-country data and find evidence in favor of both types of non-linearity. We also investigate changes in the income tax progressitivity as an alternative policy and find it to be more effective in countries with a medium to high level of financial markets development

     
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  17. Gender bias in SME lending
    experimental evidence from Turkey
    Autor*in: Alibhai, Salman; Donald, Aletheia; Goldstein, Markus P.; Oguz, Alper Ahmet; Pankov, Alexander; Strobbe, Francesco
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Africa Gender Innovation Lab & Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    Gender disparities in small and medium-size enterprise lending exist around the world and impede the growth of millions of women-led firms. This paper examines a potential driver of these disparities: gender-biased loan officers. Officer bias is... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Gender disparities in small and medium-size enterprise lending exist around the world and impede the growth of millions of women-led firms. This paper examines a potential driver of these disparities: gender-biased loan officers. Officer bias is measured through a novel loan application experiment conducted with 77 loan officers in Turkish banks. The analysis finds that 35 percent of the loan officers are biased against female applicants, with women receiving loan amounts USD14,000 lower on average compared with men. Experience in the banking sector can attenuate this bias, with each year of experience reducing gender biased loan allocations by 6 percent. The results suggest that loan officers may use gender bias as a heuristic device given limited information and risk aversion. Helping newly recruited and lesser experienced loan officers to better discern loan application quality may thus improve financing of business loans to women and reduce gender gaps in entrepreneurship

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 9100
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagworte: gender bias; credit; banking; entrepreneurship; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Does IT help?
    information technology in banking and entrepreneurship
    Autor*in: Ahnert, Toni; Dörr, Sebastian; Pierri, Nicola; Timmer, Yannick
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper analyzes the importance of information technology (IT) in banking for entrepreneurship. To guide our empirical analysis, we build a parsimonious model of bank screening and lending that predicts that IT in banking can spur entrepreneurship... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the importance of information technology (IT) in banking for entrepreneurship. To guide our empirical analysis, we build a parsimonious model of bank screening and lending that predicts that IT in banking can spur entrepreneurship by making it easier for startups to borrow against collateral. We provide empirical evidence that job creation by young firms is stronger in US counties that are more exposed to ITintensive banks. Consistent with a strengthened collateral lending channel for IT banks, entrepreneurship increases more in IT-exposed counties when house prices rise. In line with the model's implications, IT in banking increases startup activity without diminishing startup quality and it also weakens the importance of geographical distance between borrowers and lenders. These results suggest that banks' IT adoption can increase dynamism and productivity

     
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  19. Blockchain for SMEs and entrepreneurs in Israel
    Autor*in: Bianchini, Marco; Kwon, Insung
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  OECD, [Paris, France]

    This report investigates the development of the Blockchain ecosystem in Israel, against the background of the SME and entrepreneurship structure and trends in the country. The report analyses in particular the characteristics and trends of companies... mehr

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    This report investigates the development of the Blockchain ecosystem in Israel, against the background of the SME and entrepreneurship structure and trends in the country. The report analyses in particular the characteristics and trends of companies introducing blockchain-based services in the Israeli market, opportunities and challenges to their business development, sectors and firms being targeted, and relevance for enhancing digitalisation and productivity in the SME population at large. The report also illustrates recent trends in regulation and policy, and provides policy recommendations.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers ; no. 18
    OECD blockchain policy series
    Schlagworte: Economics; Israel; SMEs; entrepreneurship; digital; blockchain
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Republic Of Croatia
    Autor*in: Radlović, Ivana; Hunjet, Anica; Kozina, Goran
    Erschienen: 2020

    Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and a generator of employment opportunities in all modern economies across the world. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the engines of modern entrepreneurship. In the Republic of Croatia, SMEs... mehr

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    Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and a generator of employment opportunities in all modern economies across the world. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the engines of modern entrepreneurship. In the Republic of Croatia, SMEs are also indispensable in the effort to boost employment and economic growth. The global economic crisis has virtually brought the national economies worldwide to a halt, causing a considerable decline in production, consumption, and gross domestic product. In such conditions, the development of individual entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial culture represents the main preconditions for successful economic growth and development. The SME sector plays a key role in achieving this by increasing the national economy’s competitiveness in the regional and European Union markets. The aim of this paper is to present the position of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Croatia, to identify challenges that come with setting up a business, and to describe the state of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Republic of Croatia.

     
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    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/224700
    Übergeordneter Titel: Enthalten in: ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference; Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference (Online); [Zagreb, Croatia] : [IRENET, Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy], 2015; 6(2020), 1 vom: Sept., Seite 333-340; Online-Ressource

    Schlagworte: KMU; Entrepreneurship; Kroatien; KMU; Entrepreneurship; Kroatien; entrepreneurship; small business; Republic of Croatia; economic development; European Union
  21. Gender equality and tourism
    beyond empowerment
    Beteiligt: Cole, Stroma (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  CABI, Wallingford

    Drawing on the theme of gender equality in tourism, this book aims to identify the main obstacles to women's advancement in the tourism industry, and to discover and share successful strategies to overcome them, drawing on case studies from all over... mehr

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    Drawing on the theme of gender equality in tourism, this book aims to identify the main obstacles to women's advancement in the tourism industry, and to discover and share successful strategies to overcome them, drawing on case studies from all over the world. Interlaced between the 12 chapters of the book are stories from women who work in tourism. The chapters and stories that make up this book explore women's stories of empowerment beyond the neoliberal conceptualizations of economic improvement, to highlight the structural inequalities that prevent true gender equality. The collection points to the slow and small changes that women are making and how women are using the transformations tourism brings to their advantage. The book has a subject index.

     
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  22. Entrepreneurship and enforcement institutions
    disaggregated evidence for Spain
    Autor*in: García-Posada, Miguel; Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 1405
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; judicial efficacy; barriers to entry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Zusammenfassung in spanischer Sprache
  23. Distal embedding as a technology innovation network formation strategy
    Autor*in: Paredes-Frigolett, Harold; Pyka, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, Hohenheim

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    Schriftenreihe: FZID discussion papers ; 49
    Schlagworte: Unternehmer; Innovation; Netzwerk; Unternehmen; Theorie; Entrepreneurship ; Innovation ; Netzwerk
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)Unternehmer; (stw)Innovation; (stw)Unternehmensnetzwerk; (stw)Theorie; (stw)Israel; Array; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
  24. How to Write Effective Business English
    Your Guide to Excellent Professional Communication
    Autor*in: Talbot, Fiona
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Kogan Page Ltd, London ; Kogan Page

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    Format: Druck
    ISBN: 9781398609976; 1398609978
    Weitere Identifier:
    9781398609976
    Auflage/Ausgabe: 4. Auflage
    Weitere Schlagworte: (Produktform)Hardback; (Zielgruppe)ELT/ESL; (Zielgruppe)Fachhochschul-/Hochschulausbildung; (Zielgruppe)Allgemein; (Zielgruppe)Fachpublikum/ Wissenschaft; (BISAC Subject Heading)BUS011000; (BISAC Subject Heading)ELXN; (Produktform (spezifisch))Cloth over boards; (BISAC Subject Heading)BUS007000: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Business Communication / General; (BIC subject category)ESB: ELT: English for business; (BIC subject category)KJP: Business communication & presentation; (BIC subject category)CBW: Writing & editing guides; English for business; Copywriting; improve communications skills; how to write a letter; better business English; workplace; Professionals; Presentations; business management; business communication; entrepreneurship; business administration; communication skills; business owners; transactions; globalization; trade business; business networking; international business; professional development; business correspondence; business development; business process; communicating; business plan; business letters; punctuation; local businesses; organizations; grammar rules; punctuation rules; organisations; multinational organisations; multinational companies; corporations; grammar; terminology; intercultural communication; write more clearly; communicate with others; international communication; method of communication; (Kogan Page Subject Code)K603: Management; (Kogan Page Subject Code)K207: Workplace Skills; (BISAC Subject Heading)BUS011000: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Business Writing; (BIC subject category)ELXN: ELT: writing skills; (VLB-WN)1957: Hardcover, Softcover / Sachbücher/Kunst, Literatur/Sprache
    Umfang: 200 Seiten, 22.4 cm x 14.8 cm, 440 g
  25. How to Write Effective Business English
    Your Guide to Excellent Professional Communication
    Autor*in: Talbot, Fiona
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Kogan Page Ltd, London ; Kogan Page

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    ISBN: 9781398609952; 1398609951
    Weitere Identifier:
    9781398609952
    Auflage/Ausgabe: 4. Auflage
    Weitere Schlagworte: (Produktform)Paperback / softback; (Zielgruppe)ELT/ESL; (Zielgruppe)Fachhochschul-/Hochschulausbildung; (Zielgruppe)Fachpublikum/ Wissenschaft; (Zielgruppe)Allgemein; (BISAC Subject Heading)BUS011000; (BISAC Subject Heading)ELXN; (Produktform (spezifisch))Trade paperback (US); (BISAC Subject Heading)BUS007000: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Business Communication / General; (BIC subject category)ESB: ELT: English for business; (BIC subject category)KJP: Business communication & presentation; (BIC subject category)CBW: Writing & editing guides; English for business; Copywriting; improve communications skills; how to write a letter; better business English; workplace; Professionals; Presentations; business management; business communication; entrepreneurship; business administration; communication skills; business owners; transactions; globalization; trade business; business networking; international business; professional development; business correspondence; business development; business process; communicating; business plan; business letters; punctuation; local businesses; organizations; grammar rules; punctuation rules; organisations; multinational organisations; multinational companies; corporations; grammar; terminology; intercultural communication; write more clearly; communicate with others; international communication; method of communication; (Kogan Page Subject Code)K603: Management; (Kogan Page Subject Code)K207: Workplace Skills; (BISAC Subject Heading)BUS011000: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Business Writing; (BIC subject category)ELXN: ELT: writing skills; (VLB-WN)2957: Taschenbuch / Sachbücher/Kunst, Literatur/Sprache
    Umfang: 200 Seiten, 23.5 cm x 15.8 cm, 276 g