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  1. Earnings inequality in Germany
    a decomposition-analysis
    Autor*in: Stein, Ulrike
    Erschienen: [2017]
    Verlag:  Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Several studies have shown that income inequality has risen in Germany until 2005. Less focus was put on the rise of earnings inequality which continued to rise until 2010. We distinguish different groups in the labour market with respect to... mehr

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    Several studies have shown that income inequality has risen in Germany until 2005. Less focus was put on the rise of earnings inequality which continued to rise until 2010. We distinguish different groups in the labour market with respect to working-time, gender and region by exploiting data from the German Socio-Economic panel (GSOEP) for the years 1995 till 2014. Using the decomposition of the Theil1-index we demonstrate that the increase in earnings inequality is primarily the result of diverging average earnings of the various groups in the labour market (between-group inequality) and to some extent due to increasing earnings heterogeneity within groups (within-group inequality). The former effect is larger than the latter. Without the inequality reducing effect on earnings inequality due to the continuous decrease in the share of full-time working employees and the increase in the female labour participation rate (compositional effect) earnings inequality would have actually further increased after 2010. Independent of the policy target, policy measures to reduce inequality need always to be designed in such a way that they take the whole work force into account in order to achieve measurable effects. Mehrere Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Einkommensungleichheit in Deutschland bis 2005 gestiegen ist. Weniger Aufmerksamkeit wurde der gestiegenen Erwerbseinkommensungleichheit beigemessen, die bis 2010 weiter anstieg. Unter Verwendung der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) werden verschiedene Gruppen (in Hinblick auf die Arbeitszeit, Geschlecht und Region) auf dem Arbeitsmarkt unterschieden und deren Beitrag zum Ungleichheitsanstieg gemessen am Theil1-Index aufgeschlüsselt. Mit einer Dekompositionsanalyse können wir zeigen, dass die Zunahme der Ungleichheit der Erwerbseinkommen in erster Linie auf die divergierenden durchschnittlichen Erwerbseinkommen der verschiedenen Gruppen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt (between-group inequality) zurückzuführen ist. Abgeschwächt spielt die zunehmende Heterogenität innerhalb der einzelnen Gruppen eine Rolle (within-group inequality). Der erste Effekt ist deutlich größer als der zweite. Ohne den stetigen Rückgang des Anteils an Vollzeitbeschäftigten und dem kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Frauenerwerbsrate (Kompositionseffekt) hätte sich die Ungleichheit der Erwerbseinkommen nach 2010 sogar noch weiter erhöht. Die Analyse hat gezeigt, dass Veränderungen in der Ungleichheit der Erwerbseinkommen das Ergebnis von Einkommensveränderungen aller Gruppen am Arbeitsmarkt sind. Daher sollten um messbare Effekte zu erzielen, unabhängig vom politischen Ziel, Maßnahmen zur Veränderung der Ungleichheit immer so gestaltet sein, dass sie die gesamte Beschäftigung mit berücksichtigen.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/192985
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Macroeconomic Policy Institute ; Nr. 187 (December 2017)
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; Theil decomposition; part-time employment; female participation rate; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Earnings inequality in Germany
    a decomposition-analysis
    Autor*in: Stein, Ulrike
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Several studies have shown that income inequality has risen in Germany until 2005. Less focus was put on the rise of earnings inequality which continued to rise until 2010. We distinguish different groups in the labour market with respect to... mehr

    Deutsches Zentrum für Altersfragen e.V. (DZA), Bibliothek
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    Several studies have shown that income inequality has risen in Germany until 2005. Less focus was put on the rise of earnings inequality which continued to rise until 2010. We distinguish different groups in the labour market with respect to working-time, gender and region by exploiting data from the German Socio-Economic panel (SOEP) for the years 1995 till 2014. Using the decomposition of the Theil1-index we demonstrate that the increase in earnings inequality is primarily the result of diverging average earnings of the various groups in the labour market (between-group inequality) and to some extent due to increasing earnings heterogeneity within groups (within-group inequality). The former effect is larger than the latter. Without the inequality reducing effect on earnings inequality due to the continuous decrease in the share of full-time working employees and the increase in the female labour participation rate (compositional effect) earnings inequality would have actually further increased after 2010. Independent of the policy target, policy measures to reduce inequality need always to be designed in such a way that they take the whole work force into account in order to achieve measurable effects.

     

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    hdl: 10419/175083
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 955 (2017)
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; Theil decomposition; part-time employment; female participation rate; German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Bad times, bad jobs?
    how recessions affect early career trajectories
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Federal Reserve Bank of Boston], [Boston]

    Workers who enter the labor market during recessions experience lasting earnings losses, but the role of non-pay amenities in either exacerbating or counteracting these losses remains unknown. Using population-scale data from Germany, we find that... mehr

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    Workers who enter the labor market during recessions experience lasting earnings losses, but the role of non-pay amenities in either exacerbating or counteracting these losses remains unknown. Using population-scale data from Germany, we find that labor market entry during recessions generates a 6 percent reduction in earnings cumulated over the first 15 years of experience. Implementing a revealed-preference estimator of employer quality that aggregates information from the universe of worker moves across employers, we find that one-quarter of recession-induced earnings losses are compensated for by non-pay amenities. Purely pecuniary estimates can therefore overstate the welfare costs of labor market entry during recessions.

     

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    hdl: 10419/273033
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: October 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; no. 22, 12
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; recessions; non-pay amenities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Earnings dynamics of immigrants and natives in Sweden 1985-2016
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    This paper analyzes earnings inequality and earnings dynamics in Sweden over 1985- 2016. The deep recession in the early 1990s marks a historic turning point with a massive increase in earnings inequality and earnings volatility, and the impact of... mehr

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    This paper analyzes earnings inequality and earnings dynamics in Sweden over 1985- 2016. The deep recession in the early 1990s marks a historic turning point with a massive increase in earnings inequality and earnings volatility, and the impact of the recession and the recovery from it lasted for decades. In the aftermath of the recession, we find steady growth in real earnings across the entire distribution for men and women and decreasing inequality over more than 20 years. Despite the positive trend, large gender differences in earnings dynamics persist. While earnings growth for men is more closely tied to the business cycle, women face much higher volatility overall. Earnings volatility is also substantially higher among foreign-born workers, reflecting weaker labor market attachment and high risk of large negative shocks for low-income immigrants. We document an important role of social benefits usage for the overall trends and for differences across sub-populations. Higher benefits enrollment, especially for women and immigrants, is associated with higher earnings volatility. As the generosity and usage of benefit programs declined over time, we find stronger earnings growth among low-income workers, consistent with higher self-sufficiency.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265144
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2021, 15
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; earnings volatility; immigration; social insurance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Are real wages procyclical conditional on a monetary policy shock?
    Autor*in: Ma, Eunseong
    Erschienen: October 10, 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA

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    Schriftenreihe: Department of Economics working paper series / LSU, E.J. Ourso College of Business, Department of Economics ; Working paper 2020, 06
    Schlagworte: Monetary policy; Real wages; Labor share; Earnings inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Intensive and extensive margins of labor supply in HANK
    aggregate and disaggregate implications
    Autor*in: Ma, Eunseong
    Erschienen: March 18, 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA

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    Schriftenreihe: Department of Economics working paper series / LSU, E.J. Ourso College of Business, Department of Economics ; Working paper 2020, 05
    Schlagworte: Monetary policy; Intensive and extensive margins; Earnings inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Ownership networks and earnings inequality
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    We use matched employer-employee data together with data on the ownership networks of Chilean firms to document a novel relationship between inequality in labor income and ownership structures. Exploiting transitions of firms in and out of networks,... mehr

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    We use matched employer-employee data together with data on the ownership networks of Chilean firms to document a novel relationship between inequality in labor income and ownership structures. Exploiting transitions of firms in and out of networks, we show that network affiliation is associated with higher inequality along two dimensions. First, network firms pay higher average wages than standalone firms, increasing between-firm inequality. Second, the dispersion of wages within a network firm is higher than within a stand-alone firm, increasing withinfirm inequality. The effects are driven by increases in the wages of top workers, and by the entry of new top workers. Our findings shed light on the relationship between ownership structures and the distribution of labor income in the economy.

     

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    hdl: 10419/290050
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-1340
    Schlagworte: Earnings premium; Earnings inequality; Business groups; Ownership
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Hours inequality
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Aix-Marseille School of Economics], [Aix-en-Provence

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / AMSE, Aix-Marseille School of Economics ; WP 2022, nr 26
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; working hours; hours elasticity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Differences set in stone
    evidence on the inequality-mobility trade off in Italy
    Erschienen: 2022 December
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 633 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; Great Gatsby curve; intragenerational mobility; earnings dynamics; unequal mobility; Italy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Inequality in lifetime earnings, 1986-2012
    Erschienen: 2021 April
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 579 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; lifetime earnings; earnings volatility; PSID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. German male income volatility 1984 to 2008
    trends in permanent and transitory income components and the role of the welfare state
  12. German Male Income Volatility 1984 to 2008 : Trends in Permanent and Transitory Income Components and the Role of the Welfare State
  13. Sectoral trends in earnings inequality and employment International trade, skill-biased technological change, or labour market institutions?
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  LIS, [Luxembourg]

    Current studies addressing the rise in inequality confine themselves to country-level developments. This paper delineates trends in earnings inequality and employment at the sectoral level for eight LIS countries between 1985-2005. Earnings... mehr

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    Current studies addressing the rise in inequality confine themselves to country-level developments. This paper delineates trends in earnings inequality and employment at the sectoral level for eight LIS countries between 1985-2005. Earnings inequality mainly manifests itself within rather than between sectors. Yet, there is significant variation in the level of inequality across sectors whilst the differences between countries in intrasectoral inequality are much less pronounced. A general rise in intrasectoral earnings dispersion and a shift from the manufacturing industry towards the financial sector are perceptible. Crosssectional pooled time-series analyses indicate significant associations between the exposure to import and decreased employment within sectors, whilst no evidence is found for relations between earnings inequality and international trade or skill-biased technological change.

     

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    hdl: 10419/95497
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Luxembourg Income Study ; 595
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; sectoral approach; globalisation; skill-biased technological change; income inequality
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (68 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. The impact of within and between occupational inequalities on people's justice perceptions towards their own earnings
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  DIW, Berlin

    This paper investigates justice perceptions of employees towards their own earnings. Earnings are decomposed into three components: (1) In returns based on human capital endowments, (2) in returns based on individual residual differences and (3) in... mehr

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    This paper investigates justice perceptions of employees towards their own earnings. Earnings are decomposed into three components: (1) In returns based on human capital endowments, (2) in returns based on individual residual differences and (3) in returns based on differences between occupations. The legitimacy of these earnings components is measured via the justice assessments of employees. Based on theoretical models from justice research and class theory it is hypothesized that earnings inequality resulting from human capital factors is evaluated as just, whereas residual inequality and occupational inequality are perceived as unjust. The hypotheses are tested by using data from a German longitudinal panel study (SOEP) of the years 2005 to 2011. These data allow studying changes of individual earnings and justice evaluations in a household panel over the time span of six years (with four biennial measurement points). The findings support our hypotheses indicating that losses or gains in earnings which are due to changes in human capital endowments do not affect justice perceptions of own earnings. Losses or gains stemming from changes of a person's earnings position within the occupational group or the position of a person's occupational group within the earnings hierarchy of a society, however, affect justice perceptions remarkably. Thus, we can show that justice evaluations of own earnings do not solely depend on compensation for individual investments but also on residual differences in earnings within and between occupational groups.

     

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    hdl: 10419/78241
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 567
    Schlagworte: Earnings inequality; fairness of earnings; decomposition of justice evaluations; group identification; panel regression
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (19 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. Determinants of household earnings inequality
    the role of labour market trends and changing household structure
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  LIS, [Luxembourg]

    This article assesses various underlying driving factors for the evolution of household earnings inequality or 23 OECD countries from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s. There are a number of factors at play. Some are related to labour market trends -... mehr

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    This article assesses various underlying driving factors for the evolution of household earnings inequality or 23 OECD countries from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s. There are a number of factors at play. Some are related to labour market trends - increasing dispersion of individual wages and changes in men's and women's employment rates. Others relate to shifts in household structures and family formation - more single-headed households and increased earnings correlation among partners in couples. The contribution of each of these factors is estimated using a semi parametric decomposition technique. The results reveal that marital sorting and household structure changes contributed, albeit moderately, to increasing household earnings inequality, while rising women's employment exerted a sizable equalising effect. However, changes in labour market factors, in particular increases in men's earnings disparities, were identified as the main driver of household earnings inequality, contributing between one-third and one-half to the overall increase in most countries. Sensitivity analysis applying a reversed-order decomposition suggests that these results are robust.

     

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    hdl: 10419/95597
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Luxembourg Income Study ; 591
    Schlagworte: Haushaltseinkommen; Alleinerziehende; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Männliche Arbeitskräfte; OECD-Staaten; Earnings inequality; assortative mating; female labour supply; decomposition
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (39 S.), graph. Darst.
  16. German male income volatility 1984 to 2008
    trends in permanent and transitory income components and the role of the welfare state
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  DIW, Berlin

    Deploying data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) we analyze the variability of individual earnings and equivalent household income. Permanent and transitory variances of male income over the period 1984-2008 are estimated for Old German... mehr

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    Deploying data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) we analyze the variability of individual earnings and equivalent household income. Permanent and transitory variances of male income over the period 1984-2008 are estimated for Old German Laender in order to determine their importance to income dynamics. To uncover the role of the welfare state in smoothening earnings shocks we compute different income concepts reaching from gross earnings to net equivalent household income. We find evidence that the overall inequality of earnings in Germany has been rising throughout the period due to both higher permanent inequality and higher volatility. However, taking the welfare state and its institutions into account, we find that net household income has remained fairly stable.

     

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    hdl: 10419/150870
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 325
    Schlagworte: Einkommen; Volatilität; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Haushaltseinkommen; Verfügbares Einkommen; Männliche Arbeitskräfte; Schätzung; Deutschland; Earnings inequality; permanent income inequality; transitory income volatility; earnings dynamics; safety net; transfer payments
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 28 S., 0,59 MB), graph. Darst.