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  1. Back to the past
    the historical roots of labour-saving automation
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S. patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 565
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S. patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation heuristics, retrieved via textual content analysis on current robotic technologies by Montobbio et al. (2020), allows to focus on a limited set of CPC codes where mechanisation and automation technologies are more prevalent. We track their time evolution, clustering, eventual emergence of wavy behaviour, and their comovements with long-term GDP growth. Our results challenge both the general-purpose technology approach and the strict 50-year Kondratiev cycle, while provide evidence of the emergence of erratic constellations of heterogeneous technological artefacts, in line with the developmentblock approach enabled by autocatalytic systems.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/226370
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 721
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The present, past, and future of labor-saving technologies
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    The present chapter provides a historical reappraisal of labor-saving technologies. It reviews and systematizes theoretical contributions and empirical findings documenting the presence of labor- and time-saving heuristics in innovative efforts back... mehr

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    The present chapter provides a historical reappraisal of labor-saving technologies. It reviews and systematizes theoretical contributions and empirical findings documenting the presence of labor- and time-saving heuristics in innovative efforts back since the First Industrial Revolution. More in detail, with the help of various patent analyses, the chapter documents the presence of labor-saving heuristics in the latest wave of technological innovation, detecting the human functions substituted by the underlying technologies. Against a reductionist approach conceiving robots as the only threat for labor displacement, it shall be argued that labor-saving technologies consist of a complex and heterogeneous bundle of innovations uncovering a much wider set of artifacts and functions. Motivated by the recurrent debate on the threats of automation occurring in the last couple of centuries, evidence is provided on the existence of long waves and clusters in relevant innovations, discussing how the overall cluster of labor-saving technologies consists of heterogeneous and often independent innovations following remarkably different time-trajectories. The chapter closes with an outline of potential future trends in labor-saving technologies and room for policy actions.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243495
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 37 (December 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Robots, AI, and related technologies: a mapping of the new knowledge base
    Autor*in: Santarelli, Enrico; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this papers aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies.... mehr

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    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this papers aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies. These technologies will be investigated both as a whole and distinguishing core and related innovations, along a 4-level core-periphery architecture. Merging patent applications with the Orbis IP firm-level database will allow us to put forward a threefold analysis based on industry of activity, geographic location, and firm productivity. In a nutshell, results show that: (i) rather than representing a technological revolution, the new knowledge base is strictly linked to the previous technological paradigm; (ii) the new knowledge base is characterised by a considerable - but not impressively widespread - degree of pervasiveness; (iii) robotics and AI are strictly related, converging (particularly among the related technologies) and jointly shaping a new knowledge base that should be considered as a whole, rather than consisting of two separate GPTs; (iv) the U.S. technological leadership turns out to be confirmed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243497
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 01 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Robotics; Artificial Intelligence; General Purpose Technology; Technological Paradigm; Industry 4.0; Patents full-text
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Back to the past: the historical roots of labour-saving automation
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S.~patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 203
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S.~patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation heuristics, retrieved via textual content analysis on current robotic technologies by Montobbio et al. (2020), allows to focus on a limited set of CPC codes where mechanisation and automation technologies are more prevalent. We track their time evolution, clustering, eventual emergence of wavy behaviour, and their comovements with long-term GDP growth. Our results challenge both the general-purpose technology approach and the strict 50-year Kondratiev cycle, while provide evidence of the emergence of erratic constellations of heterogeneous technological artefacts, in line with the development-block approach enabled by autocatalytic systems.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243492
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 34 (November 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The empirics of technology, employment and occupations
    lessons learned and challenges ahead
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and outlines both lessons learned and challenges ahead.... mehr

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    What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and outlines both lessons learned and challenges ahead. Far from being fully exhaustive, the review intends to highlight common findings and main differences across economic studies. According to our reading of the literature, a few challenges-and also the common factors affecting heterogeneous outcomes across studies-still stand, including (i) the variable used as a proxy for technology, (ii) the level of aggregation of the analyses, (iii) the deep heterogeneity of different types of technologies and their adopted mix, (iv) the structural differences across adopters, and (v) the actual combination of the organisational practices in place at the establishment level in affecting net job creation/destruction and work reorganisation.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266429
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1202
    Schlagworte: Technology; Employment; Skills; Occupations; Tasks; Future of Work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  6. The empirics of technology, employment and occupations
    lessons learned and challenges ahead
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and outlines both lessons learned and challenges ahead.... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 203
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and outlines both lessons learned and challenges ahead. Far from being fully exhaustive, the review intends to highlight common findings and main differences across economic studies. According to our reading of the literature, a few challenges - and also the common factors affecting heterogeneous outcomes across studies - still stand, including (i) the variable used as a proxy for technology, (ii) the level of aggregation of the analyses, (iii) the deep heterogeneity of different types of technologies and their adopted mix, (iv) the structural differences across adopters, and (v) the actual combination of the organisational practices in place at the establishment level in affecting net job creation/destruction and work reorganisation.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273637
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2022, 35 (November 2022)
    Schlagworte: Technology; Employment; Skills; Occupations; Tasks; Future of Work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  7. The empirics of technology, employment and occupations
    lessons learned and challenges ahead
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and outlines both lessons learned and challenges ahead.... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and outlines both lessons learned and challenges ahead. Far from being fully exhaustive, the review intends to highlight common findings and main differences across economic studies. According to our reading of the literature, a few challenges-and also the common factors affecting heterogeneous outcomes across studies-still stand, including (i) the variable used as a proxy for technology, (ii) the level of aggregation of the analyses, (iii) the deep heterogeneity of different types of technologies and their adopted mix, (iv) the structural differences across adopters, and (v) the actual combination of the organisational practices in place at the establishment level in affecting net job creation/destruction and work reorganisation.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267468
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15731
    Schlagworte: technology; employment; skills; occupations; tasks; future of work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  8. The empirics of technology, employment and occupations
    lessons learned and challenges ahead
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 17 November 2022
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2022, 037
    Schlagworte: Technology; Employment; Skills; Occupations; Tasks; Future of Work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Climate change and labour-saving technologies
    the twin transition via patent texts
    Autor*in: Rughi, Tommaso; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper provides a direct understanding of the twin transition from the innovative activity domain. It starts with a technological mapping of the technological innovations characterised by both climate change mitigation/adaptation (green) and... mehr

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    This paper provides a direct understanding of the twin transition from the innovative activity domain. It starts with a technological mapping of the technological innovations characterised by both climate change mitigation/adaptation (green) and labour-saving attributes. To accomplish the task, we draw on the universe of patent grants in the USPTO since 1976 to 2021 reporting the Y02-Y04S tagging scheme and we identify those patents embedding an explicit labour-saving heuristic via a dependency parsing algorithm. We characterise their technological, sectoral and time evolution. Finally, after constructing an index of sectoral penetration of LS and non-LS green patents, we explore its impact on employment share growth at state level in the US. Our evidence shows that employment shares in sectors characterised by a higher exposure to LS (non-LS) technologies present an overall negative (positive) growth dynamics.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2023, 11 (March 2023)
    Schlagworte: Climate change mitigation technologies; Labour-saving technologies; Search heuristics; Natural Language Processing; Labour markets
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Innovation and the labor market
    theory, evidence and challenges
    Autor*in: Corrocher, Nicoletta; Moschella, Daniele; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available... mehr

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    This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available empirical studies, novel evidence is presented on the distribution of labor-saving automation (namely robotics and AI), based on natural language processing of US patents. This mapping shows that both upstream high-tech providers and downstream users of new technologies - such as Boeing and Amazon - lead the underlying innovative effort.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/271271
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1284
    Schlagworte: Innovation; Technological Change; Skills; Wages; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Innovation and the labor market
    theory, evidence and challenges
    Autor*in: Corrocher, Nicoletta; Moschella, Daniele; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 203
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    This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available empirical studies, novel evidence is presented on the distribution of labor-saving automation (namely robotics and AI), based on natural language processing of US patents. This mapping shows that both upstream high-tech providers and downstream users of new technologies - such as Boeing and Amazon - lead the underlying innovative effort.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2023, 23 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: Innovation; Technological Change; Skills; Wages; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Innovation and the labor market
    theory, evidence and challenges
    Autor*in: Corrocher, Nicoletta; Moschella, Daniele; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available empirical studies, novel evidence is presented on the distribution of labor-saving automation (namely robotics and AI), based on natural language processing of US patents. This mapping shows that both upstream high-tech providers and downstream users of new technologies - such as Boeing and Amazon - lead the underlying innovative effort.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278897
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16199
    Schlagworte: innovation; technological change; skills; wages; technological unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure
    a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 565
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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246813
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 987
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour-saving robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al., (2022), the... mehr

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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour-saving robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al., (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259538
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 43 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Automation and related technologies: a mapping of the new knowledge base
    Autor*in: Santarelli, Enrico; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this paper aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies.... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this paper aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies. These technologies are investigated both as a whole and distinguishing core and related innovations, along a 4-level core-periphery architecture. Merging patent applications with the Orbis IP firm-level database allows us to put forward a twofold analysis based on industry of activity and geographic location. In a nutshell, results show that: (i) rather than representing a technological revolution, the new knowledge base is strictly linked to the previous technological paradigm; (ii) the new knowledge base is characterised by a considerable - but not impressively widespread - degree of pervasiveness; (iii) robotics and AI are strictly related, converging (particularly among the related technologies and in more recent times) and jointly shaping a new knowledge base that should be considered as a whole, rather than consisting of two separate GPTs; (iv) the US technological leadership turns out to be confirmed (although declining in relative terms in favour of Asian countries such as South Korea, China and, more recently, India).

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250676
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15015
    Schlagworte: robotics; artificial intelligence; general purpose technology; technological paradigm; industry 4.0; patents full-text
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  16. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit... mehr

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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250540
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14879
    Schlagworte: labour-saving technology; natural language processes; labour markets; technological unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Automation and related technologies
    a mapping of the new knowledge base
    Autor*in: Santarelli, Enrico; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this paper aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies.... mehr

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    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this paper aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies. These technologies are investigated both as a whole and distinguishing core and related innovations, along a 4-level core-periphery architecture. Merging patent applications with the Orbis IP firm-level database allows us to put forward a twofold analysis based on industry of activity and geographic location. In a nutshell, results show that: (i) rather than representing a technological revolution, the new knowledge base is strictly linked to the previous technological paradigm; (ii) the new knowledge base is characterised by a considerable - but not impressively widespread - degree of pervasiveness; (iii) robotics and AI are strictly related, converging (particularly among the related technologies and in more recent times) and jointly shaping a new knowledge base that should be considered as a whole, rather than consisting of two separate GPTs; (iv) the US technological leadership turns out to be confirmed (although declining in relative terms in favour of Asian countries such as South Korea, China and, more recently, India).

     
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    hdl: 10419/248834
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1022
    Schlagworte: Robotics; Artificial Intelligence; General Purpose Technology; Technological Paradigm; Industry 4.0; Patents full-text
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  18. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure
    a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 23 November 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 044
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Automation and related technologies
    a mapping of the new knowledge base
    Autor*in: Santarelli, Enrico; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 17 January 2022
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2022, 003
    Schlagworte: Robotics; Artificial Intelligence; General Purpose Technology; Technological Paradigm; Industry 4.0; Patents full-text
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Innovation and the labor market
    theory, evidence and challenges
    Autor*in: Corrocher, Nicoletta; Moschella, Daniele; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 31 May 2023
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2023, 021
    Schlagworte: Innovation; Technological Change; Skills; Wages; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  21. Monopoly power upon the world of work
    a workplace analysis in the logistic segment under automation
    Autor*in: Cirillo, Valeria; Massimo, Francesco; Rinaldini, Matteo; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper aims to investigate the impact of monopoly power on the world of work within the logistics sector, particularly in the context of automation processes. We conduct a fieldwork analysis of three workplaces situated in Italy, each owned by... mehr

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    This paper aims to investigate the impact of monopoly power on the world of work within the logistics sector, particularly in the context of automation processes. We conduct a fieldwork analysis of three workplaces situated in Italy, each owned by distinct types of monopolies: a conventional monopoly, Phillip Morris, the global leader in tobacco and cigarette production; a state-owned monopoly, Poste Italiane, the exclusive public provider of mail services within the national borders; and a novel form of digital monopoly that holds control over intangibles and exhibits monopsonistic control over labour - Amazon. Through a comparative examination of these three diverse forms of monopolies, utilising corporate-level metrics and patent data, we scrutinise the impact on the labour process of individuals employed in the logistics sector and affected by the implementation of automation technology, such as Automated Guided Vehicles. Employing a qualitative analysis that includes semi-structured interviews with HR professionals, IT specialists, and workers, we underscore that powerful monopolies play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of technological development, adoption, and utilisation. Despite notable distinctions observed among the three cases, we underscore a common trend of standardisation and codification of human activities when interfacing with automated machines.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2023, 44 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: Automation; Intangibles; Monopoly Power; Labour process; Case studies; Tasks; Organization of Work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
  22. Big pharma and monopoly capitalism: a long-term view
    Autor*in: Dosi, Giovanni; Marengo, Luigi; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Are IPRs institutions meant to foster innovative activities or conversely to secure appropriation and profitability? Taking stock of a long-term empirical evidence on the pharmaceutical sector in the US, we can hardly support IPRs intended as an... mehr

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    Are IPRs institutions meant to foster innovative activities or conversely to secure appropriation and profitability? Taking stock of a long-term empirical evidence on the pharmaceutical sector in the US, we can hardly support IPRs intended as an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect intellectual monopolies rather than an incentive and a reward to innovative efforts. Patenting strategies appear to be quite aggressive in extending knowledge borders and enlarging the space protected from the possibility of infringements. This is also witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time. Conversely, the number of patents protecting new drugs approved by the FDA which draw upon government-sponsored research - as such a mark for quality - falls. Firm-level analysis on profitability confirms strong correlation, restricted to listed pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247295
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 26 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: Intellectual property rights; patents; pharmaceutical industry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Asset prices and wealth dynamics in a financial market with endogenous liquidation risk
    Autor*in: Dindo, Pietro; Staccioli, Jacopo
    Erschienen: 18th December 2017
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Within a financial market where a risk-free bond and a long-lived risky asset are exchanged by investors with heterogeneous trading rules, we assume that the investors most exposed to the risky asset are subject to joint liquidation needs. The latter... mehr

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    Within a financial market where a risk-free bond and a long-lived risky asset are exchanged by investors with heterogeneous trading rules, we assume that the investors most exposed to the risky asset are subject to joint liquidation needs. The latter encompass a risk whenever the market impact of traders subject to them is large enough, due to a fire-sale phenomenon. Our aim is to provide conditions for the transformation of liquidation needs into liquidation risk, and to characterize the resulting asset price dynamics. We find that when the average position of traders subject to liquidation needs is lower than the position of the other traders, the former vanish and asset prices are driven solely by the dividend process. Whether liquidation risk becomes systemic or its impact is mitigated by the position of other traders, depends on the relative wealth dynamics. We provide conditions on agents positions under which the liquidation risk is always systemic because the aggressive traders dominate, as well as conditions under which the size of the liquidation risk is endogenously determined because all traders survive and the relative wealth dynamics is a mean reverting process.

     
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    hdl: 10419/174583
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2017, 33 (December 2017)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Robots and the origin of their labour-saving impact
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2020, 007
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Robots and the origin of their labour-saving impact
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper investigates the presence of explicit labour-saving heuristics within robotic patents. It analyses innovative actors engaged in robotic technology and their economic environment (identity, location, industry), and identifies the... mehr

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    This paper investigates the presence of explicit labour-saving heuristics within robotic patents. It analyses innovative actors engaged in robotic technology and their economic environment (identity, location, industry), and identifies the technological fields particularly exposed to labour-saving innovations. It exploits advanced natural language processing and probabilistic topic modelling techniques on the universe of patent applications at the USPTO between 2009 and 2018, matched with ORBIS (Bureau van Dijk) firm-level dataset. The results show that labour-saving patent holders comprise not only robots producers, but also adopters. Consequently, labour-saving robotic patents appear along the entire supply chain. The paper shows that labour-saving innovations challenge manual activities (e.g. in the logistics sector), activities entailing social intelligence (e.g. in the healthcare sector) and cognitive skills (e.g. learning and predicting).

     
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    hdl: 10419/228142
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 03 (January 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen