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  1. Union decline in Britain
    Beteiligt: Blanchflower, David G. (Mitwirkender); Bryson, Alex (Mitwirkender)
    Erschienen: 2008
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    Beteiligt: Blanchflower, David G. (Mitwirkender); Bryson, Alex (Mitwirkender)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; No. 3436
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsbeziehungen; Gewerkschaftsbewegung; Gewerkschaftsmitglied; Arbeitskonflikt; Arbeitslosigkeit; Tarifverhandlung; :z Geschichte 1980-2005
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)1980-2005; (stw)Arbeitsbeziehungen; (stw)Gewerkschaftsbewegung; (stw)Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; (stw)Arbeitskonflikt; (stw)Arbeitslosigkeit; (stw)Tarifverhandlungen; (stw)Großbritannien; Array; Array; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur; Buch; Online-Publikation
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
  2. The gender wage gap among university Vice Chancellors in the UK
    Autor*in: Bachan, Ray; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The gender wage gap has closed gradually in the United Kingdom, as in other countries, but convergence is slower among top earners. Using linked employer-employee data over two decades we examine the gap among university Vice Chancellors who are... mehr

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    DS 4
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    The gender wage gap has closed gradually in the United Kingdom, as in other countries, but convergence is slower among top earners. Using linked employer-employee data over two decades we examine the gap among university Vice Chancellors who are among the most highly paid employees in the UK. Traditionally dominated by men the occupation has experienced a recent influx of women. The substantial gender wage gap of 12 log points in the first decade of the 21st Century closed markedly during the second decade, becoming statistically non-significant in later years. The closure in the gap is accounted for by change in the attributes of male and female VCs and the universities they lead - in particular, the financial performance of universities employing female VCs. The unexplained component of the gap is small and explains none of the convergence in the gap. A "new starter" wage penalty women faced in the early 2000s disappeared. However, women continued to receive a lower wage when replacing an outgoing male Vice Chancellor, whereas no differential was apparent between incoming male Vice Chancellors and the women they replaced.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232862
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14110
    Schlagworte: gender wage gap; vice chancellors; higher education; decompositions; linked employer-employee data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The Economics of Walking About and Predicting Unemployment
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries over 439 months between... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries over 439 months between 1985 and 2021 in an unbalanced country*month panel of just over 10000 observations, we predict changes in the unemployment rate 12 months in advance based on individuals' fears of unemployment, their perceptions of the economic situation and their own household financial situation. Fear of unemployment predicts subsequent changes in unemployment 12 months later in the presence of country fixed effects and lagged unemployment. Individuals' perceptions of the economic situation in the country and their own household finances also predict unemployment 12 months later. Business sentiment (industry fear of unemployment) is also predictive of unemployment 12 months later. The findings underscore the importance of the "economics of walking about". The implication is that these social survey data are informative in predicting economic downturns and should be used more extensively in forecasting. We also generate a 29 country-level annual panel on life satisfaction from 1985-2020 from the World Database of Happiness and show that the consumer level fear of unemployment variable lowers well-being over and above the negative impact of the unemployment rate itself. Qualitative survey metrics were able to predict the Great Recession and the economic slowdown in Europe just prior to the COVID19 pandemic

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29172
    Schlagworte: Arbeitslosigkeit; Prognoseverfahren; Frühindikator; Konsumentenpräferenzen; Frühwarnsystem; Europa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  4. Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during COVID-19
    Autor*in: Bryson, Alex; Dolton, Peter J.; Reade, J. James; Schreyer, Dominik; Singleton, Carl
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: NIESR discussion paper ; no. 524 (11 December 2020)
    Schlagworte: attendance; coronavirus; covid-19; home advantage; natural experiments; referee bias; social pressure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. What we can learn about economics from professional sport during COVID-19
    Autor*in: Singleton, Carl; Bryson, Alex; Dolton, Peter J.; Reade, J. James; Schreyer, Dominik
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 538
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    Schriftenreihe: NIESR discussion paper ; no. 525 (28 January 2021)
    Schlagworte: sports economics; coronavirus; natural experiments; referee bias; social pressure; prediction markets
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The Sahm Rule and predicting the great recession across OECD countries
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 538
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    Schriftenreihe: NIESR discussion paper ; no. 532 (14 October 2021)
    Schlagworte: Great Recession; business cycles; turning points; Sahm Rule; fear of unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The Consequences of Chronic Pain in Mid-Life
    Evidence from the National Child Development Survey
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using data from all those born in a single week in 1958 in Britain we track the consequences of short pain and chronic pain in mid-life (age 44) on health, wellbeing and labor market outcomes in later life. We examine data taken at age 50 in 2008,... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Using data from all those born in a single week in 1958 in Britain we track the consequences of short pain and chronic pain in mid-life (age 44) on health, wellbeing and labor market outcomes in later life. We examine data taken at age 50 in 2008, when the Great Recession hit and then five years later at age 55 in 2013. We find those suffering both short-term and chronic pain at age 44 continue to report pain and poor general health in their 50s. However, the associations are much stronger for those with chronic pain. Furthermore, chronic pain at age 44 is associated with a range of poor mental health outcomes, pessimism about the future and joblessness at age 55 whereas short-duration pain at age 44 is not. Uniquely, we also show that pain experienced in childhood, at ages 11 and 16, reported by a parent and a teacher respectively, collected decades earlier, predicts pain in mid-life, indicating just how persistent pain can be over the life-course

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29278
    Schlagworte: Gesundheit; Kinder; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  8. The Sahm Rule and Predicting the Great Recession Across OECD Countries
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the start date of the Great Recession across OECD countries based on two successive quarters of negative GDP growth recession. For most OECD countries this establishes the start of recession in Q22008 or Q32008. We find that the Sahm... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We examine the start date of the Great Recession across OECD countries based on two successive quarters of negative GDP growth recession. For most OECD countries this establishes the start of recession in Q22008 or Q32008. We find that the Sahm Rule identifies the start of recession in the US to the beginning of 2008 but in other OECD countries it identifies the start in almost every case, after that identified by GDP. But the GDP and labor market data are subject to major revisions, so the turn is not apparent in most countries for some time. We establish our own rule for predicting recession using the fear of unemployment series to predict recession. It involves looking for a ten-point rise in the series compared to its previous twelve month low. These surveys are timely and have the major advantage they are not subject to revision. Across the OECD we confirm this finding with other types of qualitative data and especially so in the UK. Qualitative surveys, we show, in the US in 2006 and 2007 predicted the subsequent recession and they did the same in Europe at the end of 2007 and in the early part of 2008

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29300
    Schlagworte: Konjunktur; Prognoseverfahren; OECD-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  9. Biden, COVID and Mental Health in America
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using US Census Household Pulse Survey data for the period April 2020 to June 2021 we track the evolution of the mental health of nearly 2.3 million Americans during the COVID pandemic. We find anxiety, depression and worry peaked in November 2020,... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Using US Census Household Pulse Survey data for the period April 2020 to June 2021 we track the evolution of the mental health of nearly 2.3 million Americans during the COVID pandemic. We find anxiety, depression and worry peaked in November 2020, coinciding with the Presidential election. The taking of prescription drugs for mental health conditions peaked two weeks later in December 2020. Mental health improved subsequently such that by April 2021 it was better than it had been a year previously. The probability of having been diagnosed with COVID did not rise significantly in the first half of 2021 but COVID infection rates were higher among the young than the old. COVID diagnoses were significantly lower in States that had voted for Biden in the Presidential Election. The probability of vaccination rose with age, was considerably higher in Biden states, and rose precipitously over the period among the young and old. Anxiety was higher among people in Biden states, whether they had been diagnosed or not, and whether they were vaccinated or not. The association between anxiety and depression and having had COVID was not significant in Biden or Trump states but being vaccinated was associated with lower anxiety and depression, with the effect being larger in Biden states. Whilst being in paid work was associated with lower anxiety, worry and depression and was associated with higher vaccination rates, it also increased the probability of having had COVID

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29040
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Gesundheitspolitik; Infektionsschutz; Psychische Krankheit; Impfung; Politische Einstellung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  10. The Economics of Walking About and Predicting US Downturns
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Economic shocks are notoriously difficult to predict but recent research suggests qualitative metrics about economic actors' expectations are predictive of downturns. We show consumer expectations indices from both the Conference Board and the... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Economic shocks are notoriously difficult to predict but recent research suggests qualitative metrics about economic actors' expectations are predictive of downturns. We show consumer expectations indices from both the Conference Board and the University of Michigan predict economic downturns up to 18 months in advance in the United States, both at national and at state-level. All the recessions since the 1980s have been predicted by at least 10 and sometimes many more point drops in these expectations indices. A single monthly rise of at least 0.3 percentage points in the unemployment rate also predicts recession, as does two consecutive months of employment rate declines. The economic situation in 2021 is exceptional, however, since unprecedented direct government intervention in the labor market through furlough-type arrangements has enabled employment rates to recover quickly from the huge downturn in 2020. However, downward movements in consumer expectations in the last six months suggest the economy in the United States is entering recession now (Autumn 2021) even though employment and wage growth figures suggest otherwise

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29372
    Schlagworte: Verbraucherpreisindex; Konjunktur; Wirtschaftsprognose; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  11. The economics of walking about and predicting unemployment
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries - Austria; Belgium;... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 565
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    Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries - Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Turkey and the UK - over 439 months between January 1985 and July 2021 in an unbalanced country*month panel of just over 10000 observations, we predict changes in the unemployment rate 12 months in advance based on individuals' fears of unemployment, their perceptions of the economic situation and their own household financial situation. Fear of unemployment predicts subsequent changes in unemployment 12 months later in the presence of country fixed effects and lagged unemployment. Individuals' perceptions of the economic situation in the country and their own household finances also predict unemployment 12 months later. Business sentiment (industry fear of unemployment) is also predictive of unemployment 12 months later. The findings underscore the importance of the "economics of walking about". The implication is that these social survey data are informative in predicting economic downturns and should be used more extensively in forecasting. We also generate a 29 country-level annual panel on life satisfaction from 1985-2020 from the World Database of Happiness and show that the consumer level fear of unemployment variable lowers wellbeing over and above the negative impact of the unemployment rate itself. Qualitative survey metrics were able to predict the Great Recession and the economic slowdown in Europe just prior to the COVID pandemic.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/238742
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 922
    Schlagworte: unemployment; fear; sentiment; social attitudes; life satisfaction; recession; COVID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The role of the workplace in ethnic wage differentials
    Autor*in: Forth, John; Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using matched employer-employee data for Britain, we examine ethnic wage differentials among full-time employees. We find substantial ethnic segregation across workplaces: around three-fifths of workplaces in Britain employ no ethnic minority... mehr

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    Using matched employer-employee data for Britain, we examine ethnic wage differentials among full-time employees. We find substantial ethnic segregation across workplaces: around three-fifths of workplaces in Britain employ no ethnic minority workers. However, this workplace segregation does not contribute to the aggregate wage gap between ethnic minorities and white employees. Instead, most of the ethnic wage gap exists between observationally equivalent co-workers. Lower pay satisfaction and higher levels of skill mismatch among ethnic minority workers are consistent with discrimination in wage-setting on the part of employers. The use of job evaluation schemes within the workplace is shown to be associated with a smaller ethnic wage gap.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245748
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14697
    Schlagworte: ethnic wage gap; workplace segregation; skill mismatch; pay satisfaction; job evaluation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Footsie, yeah!
    share prices and worker wellbeing
    Autor*in: Bryson, Alex; Clark, Andrew E.; Green, Colin
    Erschienen: September 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A small literature has shown that individual wellbeing varies with the price of company stock, but it is unclear whether this is due to wealth effects among those holding stock, or more general effects on sentiment, with individuals taking rising... mehr

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    A small literature has shown that individual wellbeing varies with the price of company stock, but it is unclear whether this is due to wealth effects among those holding stock, or more general effects on sentiment, with individuals taking rising stock prices as an indicator of improvements in the economy. We contribute to this literature by using two data sets to establish the relationship between share prices on the one hand and worker wellbeing on the other. First, we use data on share price movements and employee stock holding in a single corporation and provide suggestive evidence that an increase in the firm's stock price increases the wellbeing of those who belong to its employee share purchase plan (ESPP), and that these effects are greatest among those making the largest monthly contributions to the program who have the most to gain (or lose) from stock price fluctuations. There is also some tentative evidence that the wellbeing effects of a rise in the share price are greatest among those with the largest shareholdings. We then use almost 30 years of British panel data to show that employee job satisfaction moves with share prices among those whose pay is partly determined by company fortunes. Taken together these results suggest that the well-being effects of share prices work at least partly via changes in wealth.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245757
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14706
    Schlagworte: job satisfaction; wellbeing; share prices; share ownership; profit-sharing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Teenage conduct problems: a lifetime of disadvantage in the labour market?
    Autor*in: Parsons, Sam; Bryson, Alex; Sullivan, Alice Isabella
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using data from two British birth cohorts born in 1958 and 1970 we investigate the impact of teenage conduct problems on subsequent employment prospects through to age 42. We find teenagers with conduct problems went on to spend fewer months both in... mehr

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    Using data from two British birth cohorts born in 1958 and 1970 we investigate the impact of teenage conduct problems on subsequent employment prospects through to age 42. We find teenagers with conduct problems went on to spend fewer months both in paid employment, and in employment, education and training (EET) between age 17 and 42 than comparable teenagers who did not experience conduct problems. Employment and EET disadvantages were greatest among those with severe behavioural problems. The 'gap' in time spent in employment or EET by conduct problem status was similar for men and women across cohorts, with only a small part of the gap being attenuated by differences in social background, individual characteristics and educational attainment in public examination at age 16. We discuss the implications of our findings.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245667
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14616
    Schlagworte: behavioural problems; Rutter; labour market; employment; education; training; disadvantage; educational attainment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The role of the workplace in ethnic wage differentials
    Autor*in: Forth, John; Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Using matched employer-employee data for Britain, we examine ethnic wage differentials among full-time employees. We find substantial ethnic segregation across workplaces: around three-fifths of workplaces in Britain employ no ethnic minority... mehr

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    Using matched employer-employee data for Britain, we examine ethnic wage differentials among full-time employees. We find substantial ethnic segregation across workplaces: around three-fifths of workplaces in Britain employ no ethnic minority workers. However, this workplace segregation does not contribute to the aggregate wage gap between ethnic minorities and white employees. Instead, most of the ethnic wage gap exists between observationally equivalent co-workers. Lower pay satisfaction and higher levels of skill mismatch among ethnic minority workers are consistent with discrimination in wage-setting on the part of employers. The use of job evaluation schemes within the workplace is shown to be associated with a smaller ethnic wage gap.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 920
    Schlagworte: ethnic wage gap; workplace segregation; skill mismatch; pay satisfaction; job evaluation
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  16. Now unions increase job satisfaction and well-being
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27720
    Schlagworte: Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Arbeitszufriedenheit; USA
    Umfang: 33 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  17. The persistence of union membership within the coalfields of Britain
    Autor*in: Beynon, Huw; Blakely, Helen; Bryson, Alex; Davies, Rhys
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Spatial variance in union membership has been attributed to the favourable attitudes that persist in areas with an historical legacy of trade unionism. Within the UK, villages and towns located in areas once dominated coalmining remain among the... mehr

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    Spatial variance in union membership has been attributed to the favourable attitudes that persist in areas with an historical legacy of trade unionism. Within the UK, villages and towns located in areas once dominated coalmining remain among the strongest and durable bases for the trade union movement. This paper empirically examines the effect of living within or near these areas upon union membership. Those residing in ex-mining areas retain an increased propensity for union membership. However, this effect diminishes sharply with distance. The analysis reveals that particular places can serve as conduits of trade unionism, long after employment within traditional industries has vanished.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13615
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Unemployment disrupts sleep
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27814
    Schlagworte: Arbeitslosigkeit; Gesundheit; USA
    Umfang: 28 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  19. Do public subsidies of union membership increase union membership rates?
    Autor*in: Barth, Erling; Bryson, Alex; Dale-Olsen, Harald
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using administrative linked employer-employee data for Norway we estimate the impact of changes in tax subsidies for union membership on individuals' membership probabilities. Increased subsidisation of the union good increases union take-up, while... mehr

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    Using administrative linked employer-employee data for Norway we estimate the impact of changes in tax subsidies for union membership on individuals' membership probabilities. Increased subsidisation of the union good increases union take-up, while increased union fees reduce the demand for membership. The price elasticity of demand for union membership is - 7 percent in 2012 (the last year for which we have data) though effects are heterogeneous across types of worker. In the absence of the hikes in tax subsidies and holding workforce composition constant aggregate private sector union membership density would have fallen by 5 percentage points between 2001 and 2012. Since membership fees are a substantial part of unions' total revenues the findings have important implications for unions' viability. They are also significant because union bargaining strength, which is often proxied by union density, affects a range of social, economic and political outcomes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227274
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13747
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Union membership peaks in midlife
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27692
    Schlagworte: Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Altersstruktur; Vergleich; Welt
    Umfang: 36 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  21. Teacher allocation and school performance in Italy
    Autor*in: Bryson, Alex; Corsini, Lorenzo; Martelli, Irene
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Italy's secondary school system has faced funding constraints for many years which limits availability of new permanent job slots for teachers. When permanent posts do arise they are allocated mostly on seniority while merit only plays a small role.... mehr

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    Italy's secondary school system has faced funding constraints for many years which limits availability of new permanent job slots for teachers. When permanent posts do arise they are allocated mostly on seniority while merit only plays a small role. Thus, the age distribution of teachers in schools reflects older teachers' preferences which include the amenity of being close to urban centres. Using schools' distance from main urban centres and population size in the school's vicinity to instrument for non-random exposure of schools to older teachers, we show older teachers are detrimental to pupil attainment in secondary schools. The effect is large: a six-year increase in the average age of teachers (roughly similar to the increase that has occurred in the last 20 years) leads to a one standard deviation reduction in the mean graduation mark. The findings suggest there may be value in altering the way teachers are allocated to secondary schools in Italy.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227196
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13669
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Experimental effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during COVID-19
    Autor*in: Bryson, Alex; Dolton, Peter J.; Reade, J. James; Schreyer, Dominik; Singleton, Carl
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The Covid-19 pandemic has induced worldwide natural experiments on the effects of crowds. We exploit one of these experiments currently taking place over several countries in almost identical settings: professional football matches played behind... mehr

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    The Covid-19 pandemic has induced worldwide natural experiments on the effects of crowds. We exploit one of these experiments currently taking place over several countries in almost identical settings: professional football matches played behind closed doors. We find large and statistically significant effects on the number of yellow cards issued by referees. Without a crowd, fewer cards were awarded to the away teams, reducing home advantage. These results have implications for the influence of social pressure and crowds on the neutrality of refereeing decisions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224020
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13578
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Does Pain Lead to Job Loss? A Panel Study for Germany
    Autor*in: Piper, Alan T.; Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The cross-sectional association between pain and unemployment is well-established. But the absence of panel data containing data on pain and labor market status has meant less is known about the direction of any causal linkage. Those longitudinal... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    The cross-sectional association between pain and unemployment is well-established. But the absence of panel data containing data on pain and labor market status has meant less is known about the direction of any causal linkage. Those longitudinal studies that do examine the link between pain and subsequent labor market transitions suggest results are sensitive to the measurement of pain and model specification. We contribute to this literature using large-scale panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the period 2002 to 2018. We show that pain leads to job loss. Workers suffering pain are more likely than others to leave their job for unemployment or economic inactivity. This probability rises with the frequency of the pain suffered in the previous month. The effect persists having accounted for fixed unobserved differences across workers, is apparent among those who otherwise report good general health and is robust to the inclusion of controls for mental health, life satisfaction and the employee's occupation

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28863
    Schlagworte: Krankheit; Kündigung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Panel; Deutschland
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  24. Job satisfaction over the life course
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 28206
    Umfang: 24 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  25. Special ones?
    the effect of Head Coaches on football team performance
    Autor*in: Bryson, Alex; Buraimo, Babatunde; Farnell, Alex; Simmons, Robert
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    One expects those who lead organisations to affect their performance. If not why would organisations spend so much time and money appointing and incentivising their leaders? Yet there is little evidence establishing a causal link between leaders and... mehr

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    One expects those who lead organisations to affect their performance. If not why would organisations spend so much time and money appointing and incentivising their leaders? Yet there is little evidence establishing a causal link between leaders and organisational performance. Using game-by-game linked employer-employee data for professional football in four countries over fifteen seasons we compare the performance of teams after they have sacked their Head Coach with spells where the Head Coach remains in post. We undertake a similar exercise comparing performance after a Head Coach quits with that of teams where the Head Coach remains in post. We deal with the endogeneity of Coach departures using entropy balancing to reweight teams' performance prior to the departure of a Coach so that trends in team performance prior to the departure match spells which ended with a Coach remaining in post. Consistent with theory, Head Coach quits have little or no impact on team performance whereas teams who fire their Head Coach experience small but statistically significant improvements in team performance, although this positive impact is confined to circumstances in which a team holds onto the new Coach having sacked the previous Coach. Our results lend support to the proposition that teams can benefit from Head Coach turnover, firing them when it is optimal to do so, and replacing a Head Coach during the offseason.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232856
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14104
    Schlagworte: managerial performance; team performance; football; entropy balancing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen