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Displaying results 51 to 75 of 2900872.

  1. Religious alterity and violence in contemporary anglophone novels by Indian and Pakistani writers
    Author: Escherle, Nora Anna
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  (:null)

    Other ; Processes of hostile Othering on the basis of religious alterity and escalations of communal violence are represented in many contemporary novels by Indian and Pakistani writers. This thesis analyses the ways in which four selected Anglophone... more

     

    Other ; Processes of hostile Othering on the basis of religious alterity and escalations of communal violence are represented in many contemporary novels by Indian and Pakistani writers. This thesis analyses the ways in which four selected Anglophone contemporary novels by Indian and Pakistani writers refer to, represent and discuss historical and contemporary events that have repeatedly been categorized as examples of ‘religious violence,’ i.e. violent conflicts where the religious identities of both perpetrators and victims were the major reason or pretense for their involvement in those conflicts. The four novels analyzed in this thesis and the events they refer to are Bapsi Sidhwa’s Cracking India (1991) about Partition 1947, Shashi Tharoor’s Riot (2001) about the riots accompanying the Ram Janmabhumi campaign in the early 1990s, Raj Kamal Jha’s Fireproof (2006) about the anti-Muslim pogrom in Gujarat 2002, and Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown (2005) about the Kashmir conflict. Embedded as they are in the ‘real,’ empirical world, these novels engage with and respond to what they are surrounded by — a world abounding with violence and violent conflicts which seem to be directly related to religion in one way or another. Drawing on the debates about the question of religion’s relation to violence in different fields and conscientiously factoring in the specific historical contexts that the novels refer to and were written in, this study aims at identifying the ways in which the four selected examples of literary fiction represent, respond to and discuss historical instances of religious violence and how they negotiate the relation between religion and the violence they describe. This thesis’ overarching question is how these novels, representing those violent events on a fictional level, position themselves regarding the relation between religion, religious alterity, hostile Othering and violence. The approach to answering my principal question importantly involves looking at the ways in which these fictional texts refer to and include contemporary public discourses on the topic of religion’s relation to violence in India. In this respect, I am especially interested in literary representations and negotiations of the complex dynamics of marginalization, repression or silencing of memories of traumatizing events in dominant discourses in the public domain. My central hypothesis is that by way of narrating specific instances of religiously connoted violence, the novels scrutinize and highlight processes of hostile Othering on the basis of religious alterity and thereby bring to the fore its consequences both for the individuals directly involved and society as a whole. I contend that these novels deplore the status of religious alterity as singular category of perceiving the socio-cultural ‘Other’ and, by virtue of providing a multifaceted, complex image of India’s and Pakistan’s inhabitants, argue for a conceptual pluralization of identities and illustrate the advantages of perceiving others not as same but instead as diversely different.

     
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  2. Die Aura der Autorschaft. Dichterprofile in der Manesseschen Liederhandschrift
    Author: Stolz, Michael
    Published: 2006
    Publisher:  De Gruyter

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  3. 1 minute autohypnosis #37
    Author: Bericat, Pedro
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  edition taberna kritika

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  4. Anglophone World Literatures: Introduction
    Author: Rippl, Gabriele; Neumann, Brigit
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  De Gruyter

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  5. Review of The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative North American Literature. By Reingard Nischik.
    Author: Straub, Julia
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  De Gruyter

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  6. Signals
    Author: Thurman, Robert R.
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  edition taberna kritika

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  7. But I'm From Here Now: Constructing Identity in Iranian-American Self-Narrative
    Author: Blaim, Maria Diana
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Universität

    Abstract ; This thesis explores some of the most predominant strategies that Iranian-American autobiographers employ in constructing their identities. Unable to relocate to a post-revolutionary Iran and facing ongoing discrimination in the USA,... more

     

    Abstract ; This thesis explores some of the most predominant strategies that Iranian-American autobiographers employ in constructing their identities. Unable to relocate to a post-revolutionary Iran and facing ongoing discrimination in the USA, Iranian Americans are precariously suspended between cultures and have to answer the question, “What does it mean to be Iranian-American?” In order to gain insight into the self-constructions of Iranian Americans, I examine thirteen autobiographies from a text and communication pragmatics perspective, and include additional material from ten further memoirs.

     
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  8. Development of Minimally-Invasive Optical Methods to Individualize the Doses Used for Therapeutic Applications of Light
    Author: Piffaretti, Filippo
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  EPFL (Lausanne)

    Other ; Despite the experience gained over several decades in various types of light-based medical treatments, the optimization of the corresponding therapeutic protocols and accurate forecasting of their outcome have not yet been achieved in many... more

     

    Other ; Despite the experience gained over several decades in various types of light-based medical treatments, the optimization of the corresponding therapeutic protocols and accurate forecasting of their outcome have not yet been achieved in many cases. The difficulty often arises from the heterogeneity of living tissues, their variable optical properties, and from the heterogeneous distribution of the photoactive or photosensitive substances – whether naturally present in the tissue or artificially adde. Our work focuses on the individualization and control of irradiation parameters, in order for the physician to be able to elicit a predictable clinical response in the irradiated tissues. In this thesis, we present three separate studies in which we tried to evaluate the possibility of individualizing and optimizing the corresponding clinical outcomes by measuring or monitoring certain, particular parameters. In a first clinical study, performed at the medical practice of Dr Vezzola, MD, in Saló, Italy, the human eye's retinal reflectance was measured and mapped, in the framework of subthreshold thermal laser therapy, using an excitation wavelength identical to that of the treatment laser, i.e. at 810 nm. The specific goal of this study was to correlate the occurrence of retinal burns with the measured infrared retinal reflectance. This study was performed using a modified fundus camera to record infrared reflectance images of the retina, and by recording the slit-lamp based laser therapy parameters (irradiation parameters and spot location) in such a way so as to overlay the map of the laser treatment spots on the corresponding reflectance fundus image. The clinical study demonstrated the expected existence of spatial variations in light reflectance at 810 nm (probably due to changes of the tissue absorption), which we then tried to relate to the occurrences of retinal burns observed during the laser treatment. The analysis of the results obtained with the applied conditions, did not however show a clear correlation between the local retina reflectance, the laser beam parameters, and the occurrence of retinal burns. Therefore we postulate that either the absorbing structures of the retina cannot be seen with the imaging device we used, possibly due to its limited resolution, or other important elements play a role in the laser-tissue interactions during this type of lasers-light interaction with the local retinal tissue. The second study was pre-clinical, performed at EPFL, and aimed at monitoring in real-time the tissular oxygen concentration during photodynamic therapy (PDT). It was performed in vivo on the chicken embryo's chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) model, which was submitted to aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based PDT. The molecular oxygen, which is thought to be an essential actor in the cascade of reactions leading to the tissular PDT effect, is actually the main molecule responsible for the photosensitizer's (PS) triplet state quenching. Therefore, the delayed fluorescence lifetime of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), was measured with a specially designed and assembled, optical fiber-based, time-resolved spectrofluorometer, and used as a proxy for tissular pO2. Simultaneously, vascular damages caused by PDT were characterized and quantified, to check for correlation between the two parameters. Using the PS's delayed fluorescence lifetime to evaluate tissular pO2 proved to be a quite reasonable strategy, due to the fact that it is possible to measure the pO2 at the location of the PS molecule. The study's results demonstrate a robust, linear correlation between tissular pO2 reduction and vascular damage extent. They also suggest that the amount of oxygen consumed during PDT could be a useful, measurable parameter for assessing and/or controlling the PDT's therapeutic effect. The third, clinical, study aimed at measuring the fluorescence photobleaching of the PpIX photosensitizer due to PDT. This study was performed at the "Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève – HUG", in Geneva, Switzerland, in collaboration with Dr Denis Salomon, MD, and Dr Behrooz Kasraee, MD, in the framework of a series of standard clinical PDT treatments of aktinic keratoses (AK), which is a pre-cancerous skin lesion. The lesions' fluorescence intensity was quantified with a specially adapted quantitative imaging device, using a homogeneous and constant intensity fluorescence excitation light. The specific goal was to check for a relation between the extent of photobleaching of the PS (in this case PpIX, which was induced by the administration of Metvix®) and the clinical outcome (disappearance of AK) evaluated several months after the treatment. The study's results show that the amount of photobleached PS is strongly and linearly correlated to the fluorescence measured before the treatment. Likewise, the preliminary assessment of the clinical outcomes confirms the existence of a correlation of these outcomes with the PS's fluorescence bleaching, thus making it possible, in principle, to select and optimize the PDT's irradiation parameters before starting the treatment. The results of this study demonstrate the relevance of measuring the PS's photo-bleaching for optimizing PDT and forecasting of its outcome.

     
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  9. Bernhard Huss / Florian Neumann / Gerhard Regn (Hgg.), Lezioni sul Petrarca. Die ‚Rerum vulgarium fragmenta‘ in Akademievorträgen des 16. Jahrhunderts. 2004
    Author: de Angelis, Simone
    Published: 2008
    Publisher:  De Gruyter

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  10. »I cannot endure to read a line of poetry«. The Text and the Empirical in Literary Studies
    Author: Richter, Virginia
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG

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  11. ‘So let's talk. Let's chat. Let's start a dialog’: An analysis of the conversation metaphor employed in Clinton's and Obama's YouTube campaign clips
    Author: Duman, Steve; Locher, Miriam A.
    Published: 2008
    Publisher:  Walter de Gruyter

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  12. Using folk songs as a source for dialect change? The pervasive effects of attitudes
    Author: Watts, Richard
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG

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  13. ‘Cooking lunch, that’s Swiss’: Constructing hybrid identities based on socio-cultural practices
    Author: Gonçalves, Kellie
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Walter de Gruyter

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  14. Re-reading and rehabilitating Basil Bernstein
    Author: Watts, Richard; Bolander, Brook
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Walter de Gruyter

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  15. The Narrative Uses of Toponyms in Harðar saga
    Author: Egeler, Matthias
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

    Abstract ; The contribution analyses how the late medieval Harðar saga uses place-names as literary devices. It proposes that toponyms are employed not only to locate plot elements, but also for purposes of subversion, the dropping of keywords then... more

     

    Abstract ; The contribution analyses how the late medieval Harðar saga uses place-names as literary devices. It proposes that toponyms are employed not only to locate plot elements, but also for purposes of subversion, the dropping of keywords then taken up by the narrative in an often grotesque and ironic fashion, the creation of an (again, typically ironic) subtext, and the evocation of physical topographies and their visual appearance in the context of accounts of travels. Thus, the contribution argues that place-names are a central part of the storyteller’s toolkit which can provide important pointers for how to read the saga. ; Abstract ; Der Beitrag analysiert, wie die spätmittelalterliche Harðar saga Ortsnamen als literarische Ausdrucksmittel verwendet. Dabei wird vorgeschlagen, dass Toponyme nicht nur herangezogen werden, um die Schauplätze von Elementen der Sagahandlung zu lokalisieren, sondern auch zu Zwecken der Subversion, als insbesondere in ironischer und grotesker Weise verwendete Stichwortgeber für die Entwicklung von einzelnen Episoden der Saga, zur Schaffung eines (erneut typischerweise ironischen) Subtexts, und zur Evozierung des visuellen Erscheinungsbilds der physischen Topographie im Rahmen von Reisebeschreibungen. Damit erweisen sich Ortsnamen als ein zentraler Teil des »Werkzeugkastens« des Erzählers, der für eine Interpretation der Saga wichtige Anhaltspunkte geben kann.

     
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  16. Instruction + Innovation = Inspiration. A Personal Report on "Commodifying (Post-)colonialism"
    Author: Escherle, Nora; Mettler, Melanie
    Published: 2008
    Publisher:  Inst. für England- und Amerikastudien

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  17. Palauan English as a newly emerging postcolonial variety in the Pacific
    Author: Britain, David; Matsumoto, Kazuko
    Published: 2012
    Publisher:  東京大学大学院総合文化研究科言語情報科学専攻

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  18. Aspect in the imperative across Slavic - a corpus driven pilot study
    Author: von Waldenfels, Ruprecht
    Published: 2012
    Publisher:  University of Oslo

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  19. All men become brothers. The use of kinship terms for non-related persons as a sign of respect or disrespect
    Author: Hentschel, Elke
    Published: 2012
    Publisher:  Kulturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät an der Europa-Universität Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder)

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  20. Collation of Armenian manuscripts: A lone historian's approach
    Author: Andrews, Tara Lee
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  (:null)

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    DDC Categories: 400; 180; 800
    Subjects: medieval & eastern philosophy; rhetoric & criticism
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  21. The Third Way: Philology and Critical Edition in the Digital Age
    Author: Andrews, Tara L.
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Rodopi

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    Subjects: medieval & eastern philosophy; rhetoric & criticism
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  22. 10001 manuscripts in practice: Perl, XML, medieval chronicles, and why Unicode rocks‎
    Author: Andrews, Tara Lee
    Published: 2008
    Publisher:  (:null)

    Other ; I work in the field of Armenian historiography. This means I get to play with medieval manuscripts. The things I'm doing with the manuscripts are theoretically interesting, but pretty boring in practice, so I'm using Perl to program away the... more

     

    Other ; I work in the field of Armenian historiography. This means I get to play with medieval manuscripts. The things I'm doing with the manuscripts are theoretically interesting, but pretty boring in practice, so I'm using Perl to program away the most boring bits. I will talk about the problems of text criticism in general, what sorts of things can and can't be done by the computer, my initial aversion to XML, how I was shown (some of) the error of my ways, and how I'm combining a bunch of isolated pieces of technology that were mostly already in use to achieve fame and fortune in the world of Armenian studies.

     
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  23. The new age of prophecy: the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa and its place in Armenian historiography
    Author: Andrews, Tara Lee
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Rodopi

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  24. The power of emotional valence – from cognitive to affective processes in reading
    Author: Menninghaus, Winfried; Lubrich, Oliver; Bohm, Isabel; Altmann, Ulrike; Jacobs, Arthur
    Published: 2012
    Publisher:  Frontiers Research Foundation

    Other ; The comprehension of stories requires the reader to imagine the cognitive and affective states of the characters. The content of many stories is unpleasant, as they often deal with conflict, disturbance or crisis. Nevertheless, unpleasant... more

     

    Other ; The comprehension of stories requires the reader to imagine the cognitive and affective states of the characters. The content of many stories is unpleasant, as they often deal with conflict, disturbance or crisis. Nevertheless, unpleasant stories can be liked and enjoyed. In this fMRI study, we used a parametric approach to examine (1) the capacity of increasing negative valence of story contents to activate the mentalizing network (cognitive and affective theory of mind, ToM), and (2) the neural substrate of liking negatively valenced narratives. A set of 80 short narratives was compiled, ranging from neutral to negative emotional valence. For each story mean rating values on valence and liking were obtained from a group of 32 participants in a prestudy, and later included as parametric regressors in the fMRI analysis. Another group of 24 participants passively read the narratives in a three Tesla MRI scanner. Results revealed a stronger engagement of affective ToM-related brain areas with increasingly negative story valence. Stories that were unpleasant, but simultaneously liked, engaged the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which might reflect the moral exploration of the story content. Further analysis showed that the more the mPFC becomes engaged during the reading of negatively valenced stories, the more coactivation can be observed in other brain areas related to the neural processing of affective ToM and empathy.

     
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  25. Beyond the tree of texts: Building an empirical model of scribal variation through graph analysis of texts and stemmata
    Author: Andrews, Tara Lee; Macé, Caroline
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Oxford University Press

    Other ; Stemmatology, or the reconstruction of the transmission history of texts, is a field that stands particularly to gain from digital methods. Many scholars already take stemmatic approaches that rely heavily on computational analysis of the... more

     

    Other ; Stemmatology, or the reconstruction of the transmission history of texts, is a field that stands particularly to gain from digital methods. Many scholars already take stemmatic approaches that rely heavily on computational analysis of the collated text (e.g. Robinson and O’Hara 1996; Salemans 2000; Heikkilä 2005; Windram et al. 2008 among many others). Although there is great value in computationally assisted stemmatology, providing as it does a reproducible result and allowing access to the relevant methodological process in related fields such as evolutionary biology, computational stemmatics is not without its critics. The current state-of-the-art effectively forces scholars to choose between a preconceived judgment of the significance of textual differences (the Lachmannian or neo-Lachmannian approach, and the weighted phylogenetic approach) or to make no judgment at all (the unweighted phylogenetic approach). Some basis for judgment of the significance of variation is sorely needed for medieval text criticism in particular. By this, we mean that there is a need for a statistical empirical profile of the text-genealogical significance of the different sorts of variation in different sorts of medieval texts. The rules that apply to copies of Greek and Latin classics may not apply to copies of medieval Dutch story collections; the practices of copying authoritative texts such as the Bible will most likely have been different from the practices of copying the Lives of local saints and other commonly adapted texts. It is nevertheless imperative that we have a consistent, flexible, and analytically tractable model for capturing these phenomena of transmission. In this article, we present a computational model that captures most of the phenomena of text variation, and a method for analysis of one or more stemma hypotheses against the variation model. We apply this method to three ‘artificial traditions’ (i.e. texts copied under laboratory conditions by scholars to study the properties of text variation) and four genuine medieval traditions whose transmission history is known or deduced in varying degrees. Although our findings are necessarily limited by the small number of texts at our disposal, we demonstrate here some of the wide variety of calculations that can be made using our model. Certain of our results call sharply into question the utility of excluding ‘trivial’ variation such as orthographic and spelling changes from stemmatic analysis.

     
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