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Displaying results 201 to 225 of 571.

  1. The true returns to the choice of occupation and education
    Author: Clark, Andrew E.; Cotofan, Maria; Layard, Peter R. G.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1746 (February 2021)
    Subjects: occupation; wages; non-pecuniary benefits; inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Voice at work
    Author: Harju, Jarkko; Jäger, Simon; Schoefer, Benjamin
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We estimate the effects of worker voice on job quality and separations. We leverage the 1991 introduction of worker representation on boards of Finnish firms with at least 150 employees. In contrast to exit-voice theory, our difference-in-differences... more

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    We estimate the effects of worker voice on job quality and separations. We leverage the 1991 introduction of worker representation on boards of Finnish firms with at least 150 employees. In contrast to exit-voice theory, our difference-in-differences design reveals no effects on voluntary job separations, and at most small positive effects on other measures of job quality (job security, health, subjective job quality, and wages). Worker voice slightly raised firm survival, productivity, and capital intensity. A 2008 introduction of shop-floor representation had similarly limited effects. Interviews and surveys indicate that worker representation facilitates information sharing rather than boosting labor’s power.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235306
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8936 (2021)
    Subjects: worker representation; job separation; job quality; wages; firm survival; productivity; capital intensity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Decent work and the quality of work and employment
    Author: Green, Francis
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This review examines the concept of the quality of work and employment (QWE), including both 'Decent Work' and the narrower concept of 'job quality'. The key axiom is that 'quality' relates to the extent and manner in which working conditions meet... more

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    This review examines the concept of the quality of work and employment (QWE), including both 'Decent Work' and the narrower concept of 'job quality'. The key axiom is that 'quality' relates to the extent and manner in which working conditions meet people's needs from work. The review emphasises the multi-disciplinary nature of the topic. It discusses the concept's objective character, its relationship with well-being, and its link with productivity. Important measurement issues are considered, including cost, international comparability, the choice of how many indices, the treatment of inequality and the problem of discipline insularity. Some theories of the antecedents of QWE imply universal trends, while others predict differentiation across countries and regions, attributable to labour market institutions and policy. The effects on well-being and health are studied in several disciplines, including a substantial research programme in psychology. Summary trends in Europe and distributions of job quality are presented for context, including gender gaps. This description shows gradual improvement in the physical environment of work and in working time quality over the decade from 2005. Yet the distribution of job quality in several domains is not at all closely related to a country's GDP. The review concludes with a discussion of job quality policy making, and frames the ongoing research agenda.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/233007
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 817
    Subjects: job quality; well-being; wages; insecurity; working time; work intensity; skills; discretion; social environment; physical working conditions
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Gender, selection into employment, and the wage impact of immigration
    Author: Borjas, George J.; Edo, Anthony
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Immigrant supply shocks are typically expected to reduce the wage of comparable workers. Natives may respond to the lower wage by moving to markets that were not directly targeted by immigrants and where presumably the wage did not drop. This paper... more

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    Immigrant supply shocks are typically expected to reduce the wage of comparable workers. Natives may respond to the lower wage by moving to markets that were not directly targeted by immigrants and where presumably the wage did not drop. This paper argues that the wage change observed in the targeted market depends not only on the size of the native response, but also on which natives choose to respond. A non-random response alters the composition of the sample of native workers, mechanically changing the average native wage in affected markets and biasing the estimated wage impact of immigration. We document the importance of this selection bias in the French labor market, where women accounted for a rapidly increasing share of the foreign-born workforce since 1976. The raw correlations suggest that the immigrant supply shock did not change the wage of French women, but led to a sizable decline in their employment rate. In contrast, immigration had little impact on the employment rate of men, but led to a sizable drop in the male wage. We show that the near-zero correlation between immigration and female wages arises partly because the native women who left the labor force had relatively low wages. Adjusting for the selection bias results in a similar wage elasticity for both French men and women (between -0.8 and -1.0).

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236292
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14261
    Subjects: immigration; wages; selection; labor supply; female employment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The twilight of neoliberalism in the USA?
    Author: Evans, Trevor
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy Berlin, Berlin

    The US economic expansion which began in 2009 was unusually prolonged but relatively weak. Profitability and investment strengthened between 2010 and 2015 but then began to falter. After Trump took office in 2017 there was a minor recovery in... more

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    The US economic expansion which began in 2009 was unusually prolonged but relatively weak. Profitability and investment strengthened between 2010 and 2015 but then began to falter. After Trump took office in 2017 there was a minor recovery in investment but the proceeds of major tax cuts were overwhelmingly used to finance pay outs to share owners. Unemployment fell steadily from 2010 but with a shift towards lower paid jobs. Median wages increased from around 2014, but while those for women had risen steadily since the 1980s, those for men only recuperated their 1980 level in 2018. By contrast, top incomes soared. The impact of the Covid19 epidemic was partly cushioned by huge government spending programmes, but unemployment among less skilled workers increased strongly, while the massive monetary response led to an unprecedented bonanza for the rich. The Biden government's first major initiative extended unemployment benefits and promoted a national response to the health emergency, but failed to secure an increase in the national minimum wage to $15 an hour.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231527
    Series: Working paper / Institute for International Political Economy Berlin ; no. 157 (2021)
    Subjects: US economy; profitability; investment; finance; employment; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Corporate income tax and wages: a meta-regression analysis
    Author: Knaisch, Jonas; Pöschel, Carla
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre, Berlin

    In this paper we apply meta-regression analysis to quantitatively review the growing empirical tax incidence literature that indicates a substantial burden of the corporate income tax falling on employees. While most studies report large negative... more

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    In this paper we apply meta-regression analysis to quantitatively review the growing empirical tax incidence literature that indicates a substantial burden of the corporate income tax falling on employees. While most studies report large negative wage elasticities to corporate taxes, our findings suggest that estimates with positive values are published less often than they should. After accounting for publication bias, we estimate an average wage elasticity to corporate taxes of -0.016. Moreover, methodological aspects (data coverage and temporal focus) drive the heterogeneity among estimates. Our consensus estimates suggest a long-term wage elasticity to corporate taxes between -0.105 and -0.141, depending on the underlying CIT burden variable and the type of data used.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231988
    Series: Arqus discussion paper ; no. 262 (March 2021)
    Subjects: Tax incidence; wages; corporate income tax; wage elasticity to taxes; meta-regression analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Datei gelöscht auf Wunsch der Autor:in
  7. Jobs and technology in general equilibrium
    a three elasticities approach
    Author: Baldwin, Richard E.; Haaland, Jan I.; Venables, Anthony
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Oxford

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    Series: Department of Economics discussion paper series / University of Oxford ; number 933 (January 2021)
    Subjects: Technical change; wages; employment; factor intensity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Informal employment and wages in Poland
    Author: Liwiński, Jacek
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Purpose: This paper tries to identify the wage gap between informal and formal workers and tests for the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: I employ the propensity score matching (PSM) technique... more

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    Purpose: This paper tries to identify the wage gap between informal and formal workers and tests for the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: I employ the propensity score matching (PSM) technique and use data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (LFS) for the period 2009-2017 to estimate the wage gap between informal and formal workers, both at the means and along the wage distribution. I use two definitions of informal employment: a) employment without a written agreement and b) employment while officially registered as unemployed at a labour office. In order to reduce the bias resulting from the non-random selection of individuals into informal employment, I use a rich set of control variables representing several individual characteristics. Findings: After controlling for observed heterogeneity, I find that on average informal workers earn less than formal workers, both in terms of monthly earnings and hourly wage. This result is not sensitive to the definition of informal employment used and is stable over the analysed time period (2009-2017). However, the wage penalty to informal employment is substantially higher for individuals at the bottom of the wage distribution, which supports the hypothesis of the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is that it identifies the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland: informal workers in the first quartile of the wage distribution and those above the first quartile appear to be in two partially different segments of the labour market.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232257
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 804
    Subjects: informal workers; undeclared employment; wages; wage penalty; PSM
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The impact of import competition and export opportunities on the Dutch labour market
    Author: Euwals, Rob; Heuvelen, Gerrit Hugo van; Meijerink, Gerdien; Möhlmann, Jan L.; Rabaté, Simon
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, [Den Haag]

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: CPB discussion paper
    Subjects: trade; employment; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Monetary policy in the age of automation
    Author: Wolf, Martin; Fornaro, Luca
    Published: 01 August 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Array ; DP16416
    Subjects: monetary policy; automation; fiscal expansions; hysteresis; liquidity traps; secularstagnation; endogenous productivity; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Does educational mismatch affect emigration behaviour?
    Author: Wanner, Philippe; Pecoraro, Marco; Tani, Massimiliano
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper uses linked Swiss administrative and survey data to examine the relationship between educational mismatch in the labour market and emigration decisions, carrying out the analysis for both Swiss native and previous immigrant workers. In... more

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    This paper uses linked Swiss administrative and survey data to examine the relationship between educational mismatch in the labour market and emigration decisions, carrying out the analysis for both Swiss native and previous immigrant workers. In turn, migrants' decisions separate returning home from onward migration to a third country. We find that undereducation is positively associated with the probability of emigration and return to the country of origin. In contrast, the reverse relationship is found between overeducation and emigration, especially among non-European immigrant workers. According to the predictions of the traditional model of migration, based on self-selection, migrants returning home are positively selected relative to migrants emigrating to other countries. We also find that immigrants from a country outside the EU27/EFTA have little incentive to return home and generally accept jobs for which they are mismatched in Switzerland. These results highlight the relevance to understand emigration behaviours in relation to the type of migrant that is most integrated, and productive, in the Swiss market, hence enabling better migration and domestic labour market policy design.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/245609
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14558
    Subjects: emigration; return migration; onward migration; wages; occupation; educational mismatch
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Returns to routine job tasks in the German labour market
    an instrumental variables approach
    Author: Mihaylov, Emil
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    This paper studies the impact of routine job tasks on workers wages in the German labour market. Using nationally representative data from the German Employment Survey, the paper finds that routine job tasks are negatively and significantly... more

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    This paper studies the impact of routine job tasks on workers wages in the German labour market. Using nationally representative data from the German Employment Survey, the paper finds that routine job tasks are negatively and significantly associated with workers hourly wages; the negative effect of routine tasks is most pronounced in high-skilled non-routine occupations where routine tasks are found to carry a substantial wage penalty. In order to account for the endogeneity of routine job tasks, the analysis employs an instrumental variable approach. The individual routine task-intensity of German workers in 2012 is instrumented with the routine task-intensity of the father's occupation in 1979 and the routine task-intensity of the workers' own occupation in 1979. The estimation procedure rests on the assumption that the two instruments are uncorrelated with the error term in the wage equation, conditional on a detailed set of individual, job, firm, industry and occupation-specific variables. Although the exogeneity of the instruments cannot be tested formally, the paper provides an extensive discussion of the instruments' validity and shows that the estimated negative effect is not sensitive to different model specifications, different definitions of the endogenous and instrumental variables, and different sample selection rules.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248752
    Edition: Revision November 2021
    Series: Array ; TI 2021, 068
    Subjects: job tasks; wages; instrumental variables; parents' occupation; Germany
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Job search and hiring with two-sided limited information about workseekers' skills
    Author: Carranza Noguera, Eliana; Garlick, Robert; Orkin, Kate; Rankin, Neil
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We present field experimental evidence that limited information about workseekers' skills distorts both firm and workseeker behavior. Assessing workseekers' skills, giving workseekers their assessment results, and helping them to credibly share the... more

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    We present field experimental evidence that limited information about workseekers' skills distorts both firm and workseeker behavior. Assessing workseekers' skills, giving workseekers their assessment results, and helping them to credibly share the results with firms increases workseekers' employment and earnings. It also aligns their beliefs and search strategies more closely with their skills. Giving assessment results only to workseekers has similar effects on beliefs and search, but smaller effects on employment and earnings. Giving assessment results only to firms increases callbacks. These patterns are consistent with two-sided information frictions, a new finding that can inform the design of information-provision mechanisms.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245580
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14529
    Subjects: skills; job search; employment; wages; labor markets; active labor market
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Migration and labor market integration in Europe
    Author: Dorn, David; Zweimüller, Josef
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The European labor market allows for the border-free mobility of workers across 31 countries that cover most of the continent's population. However, rates of migration across European countries remain considerably lower than interstate migration in... more

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    The European labor market allows for the border-free mobility of workers across 31 countries that cover most of the continent's population. However, rates of migration across European countries remain considerably lower than interstate migration in the United States, and spatial variation in terms of unemployment or income levels is larger. We document patterns of migration in Europe, which include a sizable migration from east to west in the last twenty years. An analysis of worker-level microdata provides some evidence for an international convergence in wage rates, and for modest static gains from migration. We conclude by discussing obstacles to migration that reduce the potential for further labor market integration in Europe.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245589
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14538
    Subjects: labor migration; wages; Europe; European Union single market
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The regional distribution of income and wages
    causes and consequences
    Author: Immel, Lea
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  ifo Institut, München

    Lea Immel prepared this study while she was working at the Research Group Taxation and Fiscal Policy at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in September 2020 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of... more

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    Lea Immel prepared this study while she was working at the Research Group Taxation and Fiscal Policy at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in September 2020 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. It consists of four distinct empirical essays investigating the causes and consequences of regional di erences in the distribution of income and wages using county-level data from Germany. Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of the so-called Hartz reforms on income inequality in German regions. Chapter 3 investigates the long-term effect of university openings on the wage distribution in the surrounding area. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to the political consequences of regional income dispersion and examine the effect of relative economic deprivation on the support for radical right- and left-wing parties as well as on local fiscal policy. The chapters employ difference-in-differences, event study, and instrumental variable estimations to answer the respective research questions.

     
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    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783959420938
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231649
    Series: ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung ; 94 (2021)
    Subjects: Labor market policy; income inequality; wages; Germany; Hartz reforms; universities; knowledge spillovers; local labor markets; economic deprivation; political polarization; radical voting; poverty; taxation; fiscal policy; public services; difference-in-differences; event study; instrumental variables
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 200 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Universität München, 2020
  16. The role of labor market institutions in the impact of immigration on wages and employment
    Author: Foged, Mette; Hasager, Linea; Yasenov, Vasil
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study the role of institutions in affecting the labor market impacts of immigration using a cross-country meta-analysis approach. To accomplish this, we gather information on 1,030 previously estimated wage effects and 432 employment effects of... more

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    We study the role of institutions in affecting the labor market impacts of immigration using a cross-country meta-analysis approach. To accomplish this, we gather information on 1,030 previously estimated wage effects and 432 employment effects of immigration from 61 academic studies covering 18 developed countries. The mean and median impact on the relative wage of directly exposed native workers are negative and significantly different from the small positive mean and median impact on the average wage level. This pattern is reversed for employment effects where the magnitudes are smaller. We combine this database with country-level data on labor market institutions from the OECD. The results suggest that institutions may shield native workers from distributional (relative) wage consequences of immigration but exacerbate the impacts on average wages in the economy. We do not detect a significant and robust association for the employment effects of foreign workers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232910
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14158
    Subjects: immigration; wages; employment; labor market institutions; meta-analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Labor market trends and outcomes
    what has changed since the Great Recession?
    Author: Groshen, Erica L.; Holzer, Harry J.
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We describe trends in wages and labor force participation for the "working class" - whom we define as workers with high school or less education - compared to those with college or more. We compare cyclical peaks over the entire period 1979-2019,... more

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    We describe trends in wages and labor force participation for the "working class" - whom we define as workers with high school or less education - compared to those with college or more. We compare cyclical peaks over the entire period 1979-2019, with particular focus on the Great Recession (2007-2010) and recovery (2010-2019). We also present results by gender and race. We find real wage growth in the latter period for all workers, but not enough to change the long-term trends of growing inequality and stagnant wages for the less-educated; and we also find that labor force participation continued to decline for the less-educated, even during the recovery. Gaps between whites and blacks also grew while Hispanics and Asians made more progress. We consider various explanations of these findings, and show that the early effects of the 2020-21 pandemic recession that hurt lesseducated workers and those of color more than anyone else.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243459
    Series: IZA policy paper ; no. 173
    Subjects: wages; participation; working class; Great Recession; recovery
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Impact of recession on the employment in Catalonia from a gender and age perspective
    Author: Cabasés Piqué, Àngels; Adillón, M. Jesús Gómez; Veà, Angès Pardell
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  European Regional Science Association, [Louvain-la-Neuve]

    In Catalonia, between 2008 and 2014, the rate of youth unemployment has exponentially increased and it has turned into a structural problem: when the fourth quarter of 2014 ended, among the people under the age of 30, the number of unemployed people... more

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    In Catalonia, between 2008 and 2014, the rate of youth unemployment has exponentially increased and it has turned into a structural problem: when the fourth quarter of 2014 ended, among the people under the age of 30, the number of unemployed people was 1,495,600, 645,000 more than in the first quarter of 2008. In addition, with the data provided by the Spanish Tax Agency, the average wage of wage earners over 25 years in 2014 is 3.4 times superior to the young people and the reduction of the average wage of these is 2.8 times bigger. Moreover, during this period, the annual income of women has shortened the distance in relation to men, mainly the employed group, from a ratio of 1.40 to 1.30, but in contrast, the number of women receiving minimal resources (MW and MP) has worsened: in relation to employees, 31.7% of the total number within this subgroup. In order to highlight the uneven impact of recession on the labor market in Catalonia, this study examines the evolution of its main variables in the period 2008-2014 from a gender and age perspectives delving into the structure wages and analyzing the distribution of inter-group and intra-group inequality between men and women.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/174633
    Series: Cities & regions : smart, sustainable, inclusive? : European Regional Science Association Congress 2016 : 56th Congress : 23-26 August 2016, Vienna, Austria
    Subjects: labor market; wages; gender inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The role of labor market institutions in the impact of immigration on wages and employment
    Author: Foged, Mette; Hasager, Linea; Yasenov, Vasil
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, Department of Economics, University College London, London

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Bibliothek
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    Series: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration ; CDP 21, 07
    Subjects: Internationale Migration; Einwanderung; Einwanderer; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Einheimischer; Lohnentwicklung; Arbeitsmarkt; Regulierung; immigration; wages; employment; labor market institutions; meta-analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Trade, jobs, and inequality
    Author: Beaton, Kimberly; Cerra, Valerie; Hadzi-Vaskov, Metodij
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper examines the impact of trade on employment, wages, and other outcomes across countries and explores the conditions and policies that help spread the gains from trade more evenly throughout the population. We exploit a large global... more

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    This paper examines the impact of trade on employment, wages, and other outcomes across countries and explores the conditions and policies that help spread the gains from trade more evenly throughout the population. We exploit a large global firm-level dataset to examine the impact of import competition on employment, wages, and firm performance, as well as the firm, industry, and country factors that mitigate any negative impact of an import shock. In contrast to the results of some well-known single-country studies, we find limited adverse impact of import competition. In some countries and industries, import competition actually strengthens employment growth. In addition, import competition tends to improve average wages, investment, and firm profitability. Country characteristics, such as educational attainment, can also improve employment prospects in response to trade shocks. Finally, we find that firms experiencing greater import competition start with higher average wages; thus any relatively slower employment growth in this group of firms could lead to lower inequality

     
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  21. The structure of the labour market and wage inequality using RIF-OLS
    the Italian case
    Author: Luca, Giangregorio; Marta, Fana
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville

    This paper aims at identifying how and to what extent the Italian labour market structure in terms of job composition and institutional changes shape the dynamics of wages and wage inequality in the decade 2007-2017. We investigate the main... more

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    This paper aims at identifying how and to what extent the Italian labour market structure in terms of job composition and institutional changes shape the dynamics of wages and wage inequality in the decade 2007-2017. We investigate the main determinants behind the rise in wage inequality in Italy using Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regressions. This econometric approach allows - on one side - to directly assess the effects over the unconditional distribution and on statistics beyond the mean, like the Gini coefficient. On the other, it decomposes the inequality difference into the endow-ment and wage effects, following the standard Oaxaca-Blinder technique. We observe that the occupational structure and institutional changes - contractual arrangements (permanent vs temporary contract) and working time (full-time vs part-time) - are the main factors in explaining the wage downgrade at the bottom of the income distribution and the consequent in-crease in wage inequality.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/240186
    Series: JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology ; 2021, 11
    Subjects: inequality; labour market; wages; RIF
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Entry regulation and competition
    evidence from retail and labor markets of pharmacists
    Author: Rostam-Afschar, Davud; Unsorg, Maximiliane
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. From 2004 onward, the reform allowed pharmacists to expand their single-store firms and to open or acquire up to three affiliated stores. This partial... more

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    We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. From 2004 onward, the reform allowed pharmacists to expand their single-store firms and to open or acquire up to three affiliated stores. This partial deregulation of multi-store prohibition reduced the cost of firm expansion substantially and provides the basis for our analysis. We develop a theoretical model that suggests that the general limitation of the total store number per firm to four is excessively restrictive. Firms with high managerial efficiency will open more stores per firm and have higher labor demand. Our empirical analysis uses very rich information from the administrative panel data on the universe of pharmacies from 2002 to 2009 and their affiliated stores matched with survey data, which provide additional information on the characteristics of expanding firms before and after the reform. We find a sharp immediate increase in entry rates, which continues to be more than five-fold of its pre-reform level after five years for expanding firms. Expanding firms can double revenues but not profits after three years. We show that the increase of the number of employees by 50% after five years and the higher overall employment in the local markets, which increased by 40%, can be attributed to the deregulation.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/233874
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 836
    Subjects: regulation; acquisitions; entry; market concentration; wages; employment; pharmacists
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Earnings dynamics in Germany
    Author: Pessoa, Ana Sofia
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper documents earnings dynamics over the life-cycle and income level using a large administrative database from German tax records. I find that labor earnings display important deviations from the typical assumptions of linearity and... more

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    This paper documents earnings dynamics over the life-cycle and income level using a large administrative database from German tax records. I find that labor earnings display important deviations from the typical assumptions of linearity and normality. For the bottom earners, large income changes are driven equally by hours and wages which is consistent with transitions between labor status or jobs, whereas for those at the top, earnings changes are mainly induced by wage rate growth. There are also asymmetries in mean reversion of earnings growth mainly driven by the asymmetric hours dynamics. Finally, there is no evidence of an added-worker effect but government insurance and income pooling can mitigate the pass-through of individual earnings changes to the household level and attenuate the deviations from normality of the male earnings growth distribution.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236659
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9117 (2021)
    Subjects: earnings dynamics; earnings risk; insurance; wages; hours; higher-order earnings risk; skewness; kurtosis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Entry regulation and competition
    evidence from retail and labormarkets of pharmacists
    Author: Rostam-Afschar, Davud; Unsorg, Maximiliane
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  University of Hohenheim, Dean's Office of the Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany

    We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. From 2004 onward, the reform allowed pharmacists to expand their single-store firms and to open or acquire up to three affliated stores. This partial... more

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    We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. From 2004 onward, the reform allowed pharmacists to expand their single-store firms and to open or acquire up to three affliated stores. This partial deregulation of multi-store prohibition reduced the cost of firm expansion substantially and provides the basis for our analysis. We develop a theoretical model that suggests that the general limitation of the total store number per firm to four is excessively restrictive. Firms with high managerial effciency will open more stores per furm and have higher labor demand. Our empirical analysis uses very rich information from the administrative panel data on the universe of pharmacies from 2002 to 2009 and their affiliated stores matched with survey data, which provide additional information on the characteristics of expanding firms before and after the reform. We find a sharp immediate increase in entry rates, which continues to be more than five-fold of its pre-reform level after five years for expanding firms. Expanding firms can double revenues but not profits after three years. We show that the increase of the number of employees by 50% after five years and the higher overall employment in the local markets, which increased by 40%, can be attributed to the deregulation.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235531
    Series: Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences ; 2021, 03
    Subjects: Arzneimittelmarkt; Deregulierung; regulation; acquisitions; entry; market concentration; wages; employment; pharmacists
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
  25. Wages for skilled workers in the Norwegian pulp and paper industry 1967-79
    Author: Wulfsberg, Fredrik
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  [Oslo Metropolitan University], [Oslo]

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    Series: Oslo Business School working paper ; [2019, 4]
    Subjects: Data documentation; wages; pulp industry
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen