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Displaying results 176 to 200 of 571.

  1. The Dutch labour market early on in the COVID-19 outbreak: regional coronavirus hotspots and the national lockdown
    Author: Hassink, Wolter H. J.; Kalb, Guyonne; Meekes, Jordy
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We explore the impact of COVID-19 hotspots and regional lockdowns on the Dutch labour market. Using weekly administrative panel microdata for 50 per cent of Dutch employees until the end of March 2020, we study whether individual labour market... more

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    We explore the impact of COVID-19 hotspots and regional lockdowns on the Dutch labour market. Using weekly administrative panel microdata for 50 per cent of Dutch employees until the end of March 2020, we study whether individual labour market outcomes, as measured by employment, working hours and hourly wages, were more strongly affected in provinces where COVID-19 confirmed cases, hospitalizations and mortality were relatively high. We do not observe a region-specific impact of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes. The results suggest individual characteristics are more important, including the employee's age, type of contract and type of job. The evidence suggests that the decline of the labour market was all due to the impacts from the government-enforced lockdown and higher virus case numbers did not reinforce this decline. This suggests that preventive health measures should be at the regional level, isolating hotspots from low-risk areas.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/227200
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13673
    Subjects: COVID-19; coronavirus hotspots; lockdown; employment; working hours; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Zero-hours contracts: flexibility or insecurity?
    experimental evidence from a low income population
    Author: Avram, Silvia
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, [Colchester]

    This paper experimentally studies labour supply responses to earnings uncertainty. 301 low-income, working age, non-student individuals took part in an on-line experiment simulating standard and zero-hours contractual conditions. Results... more

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    This paper experimentally studies labour supply responses to earnings uncertainty. 301 low-income, working age, non-student individuals took part in an on-line experiment simulating standard and zero-hours contractual conditions. Results unambiguously support the hypothesis that work uncertainty discourages work. This is not only because variability in work availability reduced total expected pay but also because uncertainty itself is perceived as detrimental. Uncertainty is avoided even at the cost of lower total earnings. Interactions between work related uncertainty and the benefit system are important. Both the use of benefits as insurance when work is unavailable and benefit sanctions can increase incentives to take up insecure work.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/248577
    Series: ISER working paper series ; no. 2020, 10 (August 2020)
    Subjects: precarious work; economic insecurity; wages; labour supply; low income; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Sectoral wage gaps and gender in rural India
    Author: Merfeld, Joshua D.
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using detailed monthly panel data from rural India, this paper analyzes sectoral wage gaps for men and women. I document three important findings. First, there is clear evidence of sorting into sectors, with very large differences in worker human... more

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    Using detailed monthly panel data from rural India, this paper analyzes sectoral wage gaps for men and women. I document three important findings. First, there is clear evidence of sorting into sectors, with very large differences in worker human capital across the farm and non-farm sectors and much higher wages in the latter. Second, while these wage gaps are substantial in the cross-section, the wage gap within individuals is decidedly smaller, consistent with worker sorting. Third, the wage gap for women is much larger than it is for men, with the latter exhibiting almost no within-individual gap in wages across sectors. Women work fewer hours and are less likely to work outside of their own village in the non-farm sector, yet the wage gap is driven by higher-caste and married women. I find no evidence of non-pecuniary benefits of agricultural employment relative to non-farm employment being responsible for this gap. These results are consistent with a lack of local non-farm employment opportunities interacting with barriers to labor mobility for women but not men.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236422
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14391
    Subjects: agriculture; gender; labor; non-farm; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Can payroll tax cuts help firms during recessions?
    Author: Benzarti, Youssef; Harju, Jarkko
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper estimates the effect of payroll tax cuts on firm-level employment and balance-sheet outcomes during economic downturns. We use two regional payroll tax cuts in Finland as well as the onset of the Great Recession to estimate the effect of... more

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    This paper estimates the effect of payroll tax cuts on firm-level employment and balance-sheet outcomes during economic downturns. We use two regional payroll tax cuts in Finland as well as the onset of the Great Recession to estimate the effect of the recession on firms treated by the payroll tax cuts compared to a similar control group. When implemented, prior to the Great Recession, we estimate that the payroll tax cuts had limited effects on employment and balance-sheet outcomes of firms located in the treated regions. However, when the recession starts, some of its negative effects were substantially hampered by the previously enacted payroll tax cuts in treated firms. These employment effects are exacerbated for men and low-skilled employees. We also find that sales and profits in treated firms respond differently in treated firms during the recession. We provide some evidence showing that firms that are liquidity con-strained are the ones that exhibit the strongest response. This shows that payroll tax cuts can make firms more resilient during downturns, possibly by relaxing liquidity constraints.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235360
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8990 (2021)
    Subjects: labor costs; place-based policies; great recession; payroll taxes; employment; wages; firms; fiscal multipliers
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The return to hours worked within and across occupations: implications for the gender wage gap
    Author: Denning, Jeffrey T.; Jacob, Brian Aaron; Lefgren, Lars; Vom Lehn, Christian
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Prior research suggests that gender differences in hours worked play an important role in the gender pay gap. Yet common estimates of the wage returns to hours worked are close to zero, implying that hours differences cannot account much for the... more

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    Prior research suggests that gender differences in hours worked play an important role in the gender pay gap. Yet common estimates of the wage returns to hours worked are close to zero, implying that hours differences cannot account much for the gender wage gap, even though men work more hours than women on average. However, while the wage returns to hours worked within occupation are small, we document that the wage returns to average hours worked across occupations are large. We develop a conceptual framework that reconciles these facts. We show that, under some assumptions, gender differences in hours worked can account for a substantial portion of the gender wage gap and that increases in the returns to hours worked over the past four decades slowed progress in reducing the gender pay gap.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236356
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14325
    Subjects: hours; wages; occupation; gender wage gap
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Effects of mandatory military service on wages and other socioeconomic outcomes
    Author: Puhani, Patrick A.; Sterrenberg, Margret K.
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military service by exploiting the post-cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. Specifically,... more

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    In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military service by exploiting the post-cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. Specifically, using previously unavailable information on degree of fitness in the military's medical exam as a control variable, we test for the effects of mandatory military service on wages; employment; marriage/partnership status; and satisfaction with work, financial situation, health, family life, friends, and life in general. We find almost no statistically significant effects of this 6 to 9 month career interruption for young German men, with the exception of hourly wage, which shows a negative point estimate of -15 percent with a large confidence interval of between -30 and -0.2 percent. This interval estimate is consistent with previous findings for the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236383
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14352
    Subjects: career breaks; conscription; wages; employment; life satisfaction; natural experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Effects of mandatory military service on wages and other socioeconomic outcomes
    Author: Puhani, Patrick A.; Sterrenberg, Margret K.
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economics, University of St.Gallen, St. Gallen

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    Series: Discussion paper / University of St.Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economics ; no. 2021, 05 (May 2021)
    Subjects: Career breaks; conscription; wages; employment; life satisfaction; natural experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Estimating occupation- and location-specific wages over the life cycle
    Author: Ilin, Elias; Terry, Ellyn
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

    In this paper we develop a novel method to project location-specific life-cycle wages for all occupations listed in the Occupational Outlook Handbook from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Our method consists of two steps. In the first step, we... more

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    In this paper we develop a novel method to project location-specific life-cycle wages for all occupations listed in the Occupational Outlook Handbook from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Our method consists of two steps. In the first step, we use individual-level data from the Current Population Survey to estimate the average number of years of potential labor market experience that is associated with each percentile of the education-level specific wage distribution. In the second step, we map this estimated average years of experience to the wage-level percentiles reported in the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics data for each occupation and area. Finally, we develop a model capable of projecting the trajectory of wages across all possible years of experience for each occupation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244318
    Series: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2021, 15 (June 2021)
    Subjects: wage growth; wages; experience; education; earnings; Mincer earnings function
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Effects of mandatory military service on wages and other socioeconomic outcomes
    Author: Puhani, Patrick A.; Sterrenberg, Margret K.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Leibniz Universität Hannover, [Hannover]

    In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military service by exploiting the post-cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. Specifically,... more

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    In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military service by exploiting the post-cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. Specifically, using previously unavailable information on degree of fitness in the military’s medical exam as a control variable, we test for the effects of mandatory military service on wages; employment; marriage/partnership status; and satisfaction with work, financial situation, health, family life, friends, and life in general. We find almost no statistically significant effects of this 6 to 9 month career interruption for young German men, with the exception of hourly wage, which shows a negative point estimate of -15 percent with a large confidence interval of between -30 and -0.2 percent. This interval estimate is consistent with previous findings for the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235232
    Series: Hannover economic papers (HEP) / Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Leibniz Universität Hannover ; Nummer: 684 (May 2021)
    Subjects: career breaks; conscription; wages; employment; lifesatisfaction; natural experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Return migrants and the wage premium: does the legal status of migrants matter?
    Author: El-Mallakh, Nelly; Wahba, Jackline
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the impact of the legal status of overseas migrants on their wages upon return to the home country. Using unique data from Egypt, which allows us to distinguish between return migrants according to their type of international... more

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    This paper examines the impact of the legal status of overseas migrants on their wages upon return to the home country. Using unique data from Egypt, which allows us to distinguish between return migrants according to their type of international migration, documented versus undocumented, we examine the impact of the illegal status on wages upon return. Relying on a conditional mixed process model, which takes into account the selection into emigration, into return, and into the legal status of temporary migration, we find that, upon return, undocumented migrants witness a wage penalty compared to documented migrants, as well as relative to non-migrants. Our results are the first to show the impact of undocumented migration on the migrant upon return to the country of origin.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245543
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14492
    Subjects: return migration; undocumented migration; illegality; wages; Egypt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Can payroll tax cuts help firms during recessions?
    Author: Benzarti, Youssef; Harju, Jarkko
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Finland, [Tampere]

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    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789520319458
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    Series: Tampere economic working papers ; 131 (March 2021)
    Subjects: Labor costs; place-based policies; great recession; payroll taxes; employment; wages; firms; fiscal multipliers
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Are there no wage returns to compulsory schooling in Germany?
    a reassessment
    Author: Cygan-Rehm, Kamila
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This study replicates and challenges the finding of zero wage returns to compulsory schooling in Germany by Pischke and von Wachter (Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3), 592-598), which is unusual in the literature yet widely cited and until... more

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    This study replicates and challenges the finding of zero wage returns to compulsory schooling in Germany by Pischke and von Wachter (Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3), 592-598), which is unusual in the literature yet widely cited and until now uncontradicted. I document that this finding is sensitive to minor changes in sample restrictions and model specification. Further results suggest that their estimates are potentially confounded by previously unconsidered institutional details. These findings render the conclusion that compulsory schooling in Germany yields no wage returns at a minimum controversial.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236689
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9147 (2021)
    Subjects: Schulbesuch; Allgemeinbildende Schule; Bildungsertrag; Lohnniveau; Humankapital; Schätzung; Deutschland; returns to schooling; education; wages; Germany; replication; reassessment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. What does codetermination do?
    Author: Jäger, Simon; Noy, Shakked; Schoefer, Benjamin
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We provide a comprehensive overview of codetermination, i.e., worker representation in firms' governance and management. We cover the institution’s history, implementation, and the best available evidence on its economic impacts. We argue that... more

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    We provide a comprehensive overview of codetermination, i.e., worker representation in firms' governance and management. We cover the institution’s history, implementation, and the best available evidence on its economic impacts. We argue that existing quasi-experimental estimates suggest that codetermination has zero or very small positive effects on worker and firm outcomes at the partial-equilibrium firm level. In addition, we test for general-equilibrium effects of codetermination laws using novel cross-country event studies exploiting a series of codetermination reforms between the 1960s and 2010s, and find no evidence that codetermination laws shift aggregate economic outcomes or the quality of industrial relations. We offer three potential explanations of the institution's limited impact. First, existing codetermination laws convey relatively little authority to workers. Second, countries with codetermination laws have high baseline levels of informal worker involvement in decision-making, independently of formal codetermination. Third, codetermination laws may interact with other labor market institutions, such as union representation and collective bargaining. We close by discussing implications of these facts for recent codetermination proposals in the United States.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236698
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9156 (2021)
    Subjects: codetermination; unions; worker representation; wages; GDP
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Are there no wage returns to compulsory schooling in Germany?
    a reassessment
    Author: Cygan-Rehm, Kamila
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study replicates and challenges the finding of zero wage returns to compulsory schooling in Germany by Pischke and von Wachter (Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3) 2008, 592-598), which is unusual in the literature yet widely cited and... more

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    This study replicates and challenges the finding of zero wage returns to compulsory schooling in Germany by Pischke and von Wachter (Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3) 2008, 592-598), which is unusual in the literature yet widely cited and until now uncontradicted. I document that this finding is sensitive to minor changes in sample restrictions and model specification. Further results suggest that their estimates are potentially confounded by previously unconsidered institutional details. These findings render the conclusion that compulsory schooling in Germany yields no wage returns at a minimum controversial.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236501
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14470
    Subjects: Schulbesuch; Allgemeinbildende Schule; Bildungsertrag; Lohnniveau; Humankapital; Schätzung; Deutschland; returns to schooling; education; wages; Germany; replication; reassessment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The creativity premium
    Author: Gill, David; Prowse, Victoria
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Success in life increasingly depends on key skills that allow people to thrive in education, the labor market, and their interactions with others. In this paper, we emphasize creativity as a key skill that is essential to open-ended problem solving... more

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    Success in life increasingly depends on key skills that allow people to thrive in education, the labor market, and their interactions with others. In this paper, we emphasize creativity as a key skill that is essential to open-ended problem solving and resistant to automation. We use rich longitudinal data to study the relationship between people's creativity measured in childhood and their individual attributes and life outcomes. We find that childhood creativity predicts labor market and educational success: more creative individuals earn more during the course of their careers, work in higher occupational categories, and reach higher levels of educational attainment. Our analysis of attributes further suggests that creative individuals have a package of practical skills that allows them to thrive in work environments where learning from experience is important. We combine insights from our findings with evidence from psychology to propose creativity-improving interventions that could lead to substantial economic benefits.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236452
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14421
    Subjects: creativity; skills; life outcomes; children; longitudinal; labor market; wages; earnings; occupational category; educational attainment; practical skills; experience; cognitive ability; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  16. The cushioning effect of immigrant mobility
    Author: Özgüzel, Cem
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    During the Great Recession, immigrants reacted to the drop in labour demand in Spain through internal migration or leaving the country. Consequently, provinces lost 13.5% of their immigrants or - 3% of the total labour supply, on average. Using... more

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    During the Great Recession, immigrants reacted to the drop in labour demand in Spain through internal migration or leaving the country. Consequently, provinces lost 13.5% of their immigrants or - 3% of the total labour supply, on average. Using municipal registers and longitudinal administrative data, I find that immigrant outflows slowed the decline in employment and wage of natives. I use a modified shift-share instrument based on past settlements to claim causality. Employment effects were driven by increased entries to employment, while wage effects were limited to natives that were already employed. These effects also persisted in the medium-term.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245449
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9268 (2021)
    Subjects: immigrant mobility; wages; employment; local labour market; Great Recession; Spain
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 123 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Informal employment and wages in Poland
    Author: Liwiński, Jacek
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  CASE, Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw, Poland

    Purpose: This paper tries to identify the wage gap between informal and formal workers and tests for the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: I employ the propensity score matching (PSM) technique... more

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    Purpose: This paper tries to identify the wage gap between informal and formal workers and tests for the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: I employ the propensity score matching (PSM) technique and use data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (LFS) for the period 2009–2017 to estimate the wage gap between informal and formal workers, both at the means and along the wage distribution. I use two definitions of informal employment: a) employment without a written agreement and b) employment while officially registered as unemployed at a labour office. In order to reduce the bias resulting from the non-random selection of individuals into informal employment, I use a rich set of control variables representing several individual characteristics. Findings: After controlling for observed heterogeneity, I find that on average informal workers earn less than formal workers, both in terms of monthly earnings and hourly wage. This result is not sensitive to the definition of informal employment used and is stable over the analysed time period (2009–2017). However, the wage penalty to informal employment is substantially higher for individuals at the bottom of the wage distribution, which supports the hypothesis of the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland. Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is that it identifies the two-tier structure of the informal labour market in Poland: informal workers in the first quartile of the wage distribution and those above the first quartile appear to be in two partially different segments of the labour market.

     
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    Language: English
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    ISBN: 9788371787195
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    hdl: 10419/274082
    Series: CASE working papers ; no. 14 (138/2020)
    Subjects: informal workers; undeclared employment; wages; wage penalty; PSM
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. How do workers adjust when firms adopt new technologies?
    Author: Genz, Sabrina; Gregory, Terry; Janser, Markus; Lehmer, Florian; Matthes, Britta
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate how workers adjust to firms' investments into new digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, augmented reality, or 3D printing. For this, we collected novel data that links survey information on firms' technology adoption... more

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    We investigate how workers adjust to firms' investments into new digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, augmented reality, or 3D printing. For this, we collected novel data that links survey information on firms' technology adoption to administrative social security data. We then compare individual outcomes between workers employed at technology adopters relative to non-adopters. Depending on the type of technology, we find evidence for improved employment stability, higher wage growth, and increased cumulative earnings in response to digital technology adoption. These beneficial adjustments seem to be driven by technologies used by service providers rather than manufacturers. However, the adjustments do not occur equally across worker groups: IT-related expert jobs with non-routine analytic tasks benefit most from technological upgrading, coinciding with highly complex job requirements, but not necessarily with more academic skills.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245677
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14626
    Subjects: technological change; artificial intelligence; employment stability; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Effects of mandatory military service on wages and other socioeconomic outcomes
    Author: Puhani, Patrick A.; Sterrenberg, Margret K.
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military service by exploiting the post-cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. Specifically,... more

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    In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military service by exploiting the post-cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. Specifically, using previously unavailable information on degree of fitness in the military's medical exam as a control variable, we test for the effects of mandatory military service on wages; employment; marriage/partnership status; and satisfaction with work, financial situation, health, family life, friends, and life in general. We find almost no statistically significant effects of this 6 to 9 month career interruption for young German men, with the exception of hourly wage, which shows a negative point estimate of -15 percent with a large confidence interval of between -30 and -0.2 percent. This interval estimate is consistent with previous findings for the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/233810
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 835
    Subjects: career breaks; conscription; wages; employment; life satisfaction; natural experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Jobs and technology in general equilibrium
    a three-elasticities approach
    Author: Baldwin, Richard E.; Haaland, Jan I.; Venables, Anthony
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11250/2724191
    Series: Discussion paper / Department of Economics ; SAM 2021, 02
    Subjects: technical change; wages; employment; factor intensity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Measuring employment impact
    applications and cases
    Author: Panella, Katie; Serafeim, George
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    Applying the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative’s employment impact methodology, on eight leading companies, we document wide variability in employment impacts as a percentage of salaries paid, ranging between 59 and 80 percent. We identify... more

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    Applying the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative’s employment impact methodology, on eight leading companies, we document wide variability in employment impacts as a percentage of salaries paid, ranging between 59 and 80 percent. We identify opportunities for improvement and discuss transition plans for companies to create more positive employment impact. We conclude with a call for disclosure of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEO-1 reports, paid leave, childcare and healthcare benefits, which would greatly facilitate the comparable and reliable measurement of employment impact in the future

     
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    Series: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 21, 082
    Subjects: impact measurement; accounting; employees; well-being; diversity; opportunity; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The impact of the national minimum wage in South Africa
    early quantitative evidence
    Author: Bhorat, Haroon; Lilenstein, Adaiah; Stanwix, Benjamin
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town

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    ISBN: 9781920633868
    Series: DPRU working paper ; 2021, 04
    Subjects: National Minimum Wage; South Africa; wage regulation; labour market impacts; wages; employment; hours of work
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Wage determination in the shadow of the law
    the case of works councilors in Germany
    Author: Goerke, Laszlo; Pannenberg, Markus
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The German law on co-determination at the plant level (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz) stipulates that works councilors are neither to be financially rewarded nor penalized for their activities. This regulation contrasts with publicized instances of... more

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    The German law on co-determination at the plant level (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz) stipulates that works councilors are neither to be financially rewarded nor penalized for their activities. This regulation contrasts with publicized instances of excessive payments. The divergence has sparked a debate about the need to reform the law. This paper provides representative evidence on wage payments to works councilors for the period 2001 to 2015. We find wage premia of 2% to 6% in OLS-specifications, which are more pronounced for long-term works councilors. Moreover, we observe no wage premia in linear fixed-effects panel data specifications, suggesting that the OLS-results capture the effect of selection into works councillorship. We obtain no evidence for a delayed compensation or a special treatment of works councillors released from work. Hence, our results indicate that payments to works councilors are broadly in line with legal regulations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235293
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8923 (2021)
    Subjects: labor law; wages; works councils; Socio-economic Panel (SOEP)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Quality of life in a dynamic spatial model
    Author: Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M.; Bald, Fabian; Roth, Duncan; Seidel, Tobias
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1736 (December 2020)
    Subjects: Covid-19; dynamic; housing; migration; rents; pollution; spatial equilibrium; quality of life; welfare; economic geography; productivity; wages; wellbeing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Worker and firm responses to trade shocks
    the UK-China case
    Author: De Lyon, Josh; Pessoa, João Paulo
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1741 (January 2021)
    Subjects: globalisation; employment; wages; UK economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen