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  1. Investigation of Japan's value chain through R&D and innovation under demographic change
    implications for digitalization in the post-COVID-19 era
    Author: Huang, Michael C.; Kuroda, Masahiro
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    The global COVID-19 pandemic has substantially changed the structure of the economy from the pattern of a supply chain system driven by massive production and consumption to effectual demand through information and communication technology (ICT).... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 188
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    The global COVID-19 pandemic has substantially changed the structure of the economy from the pattern of a supply chain system driven by massive production and consumption to effectual demand through information and communication technology (ICT). Moreover, the transition of work style based on telecommunication stimulates a radical movement toward the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), contributing to the creation of an environment that fosters a super-smart society. To accommodate this trend, advocacy for the creation of Japan's Digitalization Agency in 2020 was a symbolic turning point. This paper aims to investigate the change in Japan's value chain in the circumstances of the demographic transition by using the SciREX Policy Intelligence Assistance System-Economic Simulator (SPIAS-e) for a 50-year projection. The simulation results showed that public investment could increase the productivity for intra-firm ICT and intra-firm R&D activity, while the price index of main product sectors would drop significantly. The demonstration of disguised employment also provides implications for deregulation of working hours and the increasing demand for R&D human resources. An active structural reform for promoting innovation is desirable in the conditions of drastic demographic changes and the post-COVID-19 era.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/238614
    Series: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1257 (April 2021)
    Subjects: CGE model; value chain; STI policy; SPIAS-e; Japan; R&D; innovation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The transmission of productivity through global value chains
    formal concept and application to recent developments in the EU27
    Author: Martínez Turégano, David
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789276313151
    Other identifier:
    Series: EUR ; 30621
    JRC technical report
    Subjects: Productivity; value chain; sectoral heterogeneity; convergence; European Union
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Advanced technologies for industry
    policy brief : industrial and technology clusters and cluster-based policies in times of Covid-19
    Author: Izsak, Kincsö; Zegel, Stijn; Oomens, Ivette
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  European Commission, Brussels

    The objective of this analysis has been to initiate a reflection on questions such as: - How has the geography of technological innovation and diffusion been affected during the Covid-19 pandemic? - What is the role of clusters and cluster-based... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The objective of this analysis has been to initiate a reflection on questions such as: - How has the geography of technological innovation and diffusion been affected during the Covid-19 pandemic? - What is the role of clusters and cluster-based industrial development policies in fostering technology-based resilience? - How to adapt cluster-based policies and nurture linkages both locally and internationally? The report is structured around three main sections: - Policy challenges, - Policy responses, strategies and policy initiatives at EU, national and regional level, - Policy considerations.

     
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  4. Evaluation study of and potential follow-up to cluster initiatives under COSME, H2020 and FPI
    Published: October 2021
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The EU cluster initiatives were introduced to facilitate market entry and penetration for SMEs by enabling Europe-wide cluster collaboration, supporting cross-sectoral value-chains, and investment in cluster excellence. A complex picture emerges... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The EU cluster initiatives were introduced to facilitate market entry and penetration for SMEs by enabling Europe-wide cluster collaboration, supporting cross-sectoral value-chains, and investment in cluster excellence. A complex picture emerges regarding the functioning of EU cluster support initiatives: Cluster support measures are largely considered as well structured and internally coherent. Direct outputs related to events organised, partnerships initiated, and SMEs funded are widely achieved. The approach to use clusters as facilitators in supporting and disseminating funding to SMEs (cascade funding) is found to be efficient, as administrative hurdles have been comparatively low. Platforms have been effective in improving the main functions such as partnering, matchmaking, and informing clusters as well as their advisory services towards their members. Platforms also contributed towards intelligence gathering and information dissemination about the role of cluster organisations, their activities and achievements. Regarding the overall longer-term impacts of the partnering projects initiatives and cluster platforms findings are more ambivalent. Foreseen impacts are hard to measure and effects on SMEs lack accuracy as they are only targeted indirectly (e.g., ESCPs). Cluster organisations appreciate the transnational and cross-sectoral components of the initiatives which helped them to widen their network and build up capacities. Regarding the coherence of the initiatives, there is room for better integration with EU programmes as well as national policies by further enhancing synergies. Next to initiatives specific suggestions, the study recommends strengthening EU-wide industrial ecosystems through supporting cluster organisations in their glocalisation journey, to foster partnering projects by blending digital adoption and sustainable value creation and by reinforcing investments in upgrading cluster business models.

     
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  5. Advanced technologies for industry
    policy brief : industrial recovery and technology policy
    Author: Izsak, Kincsö; Romanainen, Jari; Stamenov, Blagoy
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This report focuses on a review and analysis of recent policy actions across EU Member States that address the industrial recovery through research, technology and innovation. In the past decade the drive for industrial transformation has largely... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This report focuses on a review and analysis of recent policy actions across EU Member States that address the industrial recovery through research, technology and innovation. In the past decade the drive for industrial transformation has largely been motivated by the desire to boost productivity and growth in an increasingly competitive manufacturing landscape. Policies have promoted the positioning of businesses higher up the value chain and often targeted 'high tech' sectors. The industrial transformation has been seen as a way to increase exports through competitiveness and even to address regional economic disparities. At the same time, many 'low tech' companies, as part of cost reduction strategies, have moved part of their production to Asia and other parts of the world. However, those companies were often producers of essential goods such as for example medical supplies. In addition, European companies have become extremely dependent on third countries for critical raw materials.The pandemic has thus revealed how vulnerable and dependent the production chains of European companies (both in high and in low tech sectors) have become due to globalisation. As a result, some policymakers looked at ways to incentivise companies to shorten their production chains and move their production capacity and jobs back to their countries of origin ('reshoring'). This applied especially to vital sectors such as medical technology and critical ICT technologies (such as cloud computing, micro- and nanoelectronics). In this context, this report begins by identifying the main drivers of industrial transformation before and after Covid-19. It then gives examples of how different advanced technologies could support recovery, diversification and resilience of manufacturing in the EU. After pointing out the key policy challenges for the industrial recovery, it finally analyses national policy responses to accelerate industrial recovery and puts forward best practices by giving examples of policy measures at national level that address these issues. It is important to note that this brief does not aim to provide an exhaustive overview of all the different strategies and policies addressing industrial recovery but rather to give a brief description of practices in a selected number of EU Member States and highlight key policy challenges. This report is based on desk research, expert assessment and interviews with policymakers.

     
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