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  1. Designing wearables for use in the workplace
    the role of solution developers = Wearable Computing im Betrieb gestalten
    Author: Evers, Maren; Krzywdzinski, Martin; Pfeiffer, Sabine
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Berlin, Germany

    Wearables (such as data glasses and smartwatches) are a particularly visible element of Industrie 4.0 applications. They aim at providing situation-specific information to workers, but at the same time they can also be used for surveillance and... more

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 338 (2018,301)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Wearables (such as data glasses and smartwatches) are a particularly visible element of Industrie 4.0 applications. They aim at providing situation-specific information to workers, but at the same time they can also be used for surveillance and control because they generate data on the work process and sometimes even on movement patterns and vital data of the employees. Wearables technology is at an early stage of development, in which the interests and perspectives of relevant stakeholders, especially technology developers and the management, are of particular importance. This article explores the role of solution developers and their understanding of work processes in which wearables are to be used. It is based on expert interviews with solution developers, academic and company experts. The analysis shows an ambivalent understanding of work: On the one hand, it is characterized by the perception of workers as potential sources of error. It focuses on the optimization of individual workplaces and their ergonomics, while broader questions of work design and work organization are ignored. On the other hand, the technology developers see and discuss the potentials and dangers of wearables technologies with regard to individualization, data protection and control in a differentiated manner. Wearables (beispielsweise Datenbrillen und Smartwatches) sind ein besonders sichtbares Element von Industrie-4.0-Anwendungen. Sie sollten situationsgerechte Informationen zur Verfügung stellen, können aber zugleich auch Daten über den Arbeitsprozess - und teils sogar über Bewegungsmuster und Vitaldaten der Beschäftigten - generieren. Die Wearables-Technologie ist in einem frühen Entwicklungsstadium, in dem die Interessen und Sichtweisen der relevanten Akteure, vor allem der Technikentwickler und des Managements möglicher Anwendungsunternehmen von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Rolle der Lösungsentwickler und ihr Verständnis von Arbeit und den Arbeitsprozessen, in denen Wearables eingesetzt werden sollen. Er beruht auf leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Lösungsentwicklern. Gezeigt wird ein ambivalentes Verständnis von Arbeit: auf der einen Seite dominiert die Wahrnehmung menschlicher Arbeitskräfte als potentielle Fehlerquellen und die Fokussierung auf die Optimierung einzelner Arbeitsplätze und ihrer Ergonomie, während übergreifende Fragen der Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitsorganisation ausgeblendet werden. Auf der anderen Seite werden die Potentiale und Gefahren der Wearables-Technologien im Hinblick auf Individualisierung, Datenschutz und Kontrolle differenziert gesehen und diskutiert.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/183604
    Series: Discussion paper / WZB Berlin Social Science Center, research area: digitalization and societal transformation, project group: globalization, work, and production ; SP III 2018, 301 (August 2018)
    Subjects: technology; developers; labor process; optimization; Industrie 4.0; Technologie; Technologieentwicklung; Arbeitsprozess; Optimierung
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  2. Risk management for sovereign financing within a debt sustainability framework
    Author: Athanasopoulou, Marialena; Consiglio, Andrea; Erce, Aitor; Gavilán, Ángel; Moshammer, Edmund; Zenios, Stauros Andrea
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  ESM, Luxembourg

    The mix of instruments used to finance a sovereign is a key determinant of debt sustainability through its effect on funding costs and risks. We extend standard debt sustainability analysis to incorporate debt-financing decisions in the presence of... more

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 423 (31)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The mix of instruments used to finance a sovereign is a key determinant of debt sustainability through its effect on funding costs and risks. We extend standard debt sustainability analysis to incorporate debt-financing decisions in the presence of macroeconomic, financial, and fiscal risks. We optimize the maturity of debt instruments to trade off borrowing costs with refinancing risk. Risk is quantified with a coherent measure of tail risk of financing needs, conditional Flow-at-Risk. A constraint on the pace of reduction of debt stocks is also imposed, and we model the effect of debt stocks on the yield curve through endogenous risk and term premia. On a simulated economy, we show that the cost-risk and flow-stock trade-offs embedded in issuance decisions are key determinants of the evolution of debt dynamics and are economically significant. Comparing three alternative optimizing strategies and some simple fixed-issuance rules, we also draw lessons on when and why optimizing matters the most. This depends on the risk tolerance level, the size, cost, and maturity of legacy debt, and the sensitivity of interest rates to debt. Our model quantifies thresholds for the minimum level of refinancing risks and the maximum pace of debt reduction that a sovereign could reach given its economic fundamentals. Going beyond those thresholds is only feasible through adjustments of gross financing needs, and an extension of the baseline model identifies the hot spots for these adjustments, computing their minimum size and optimal timing. Our findings inform policy decisions concerning both official sector borrowing and public finance, with a focus not only on minimizing interest payments but also on managing refinancing risks and increasing debt dynamics.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789295085534
    Other identifier:
    Series: Working paper series / European Stability Mechanism ; 31
    Subjects: sovereign debt; sustainability; debt financing; optimization; stochastic programming,scenario analysis; conditional Value-at-Risk; risk measures; EU financing; financial solvency; debt; balance-sheet analysis; cost of borrowing; macroeconomics; EU financial instrument
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The profitability of energy storage in European electricity markets
    Author: Spodniak, Petr; Bertsch, Valentin; Devine, Mel
    Published: December 3, 2018
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    In this work, we study the profitability of energy storage operated in the Nordic, German, and UK electricity day-ahead markets during 2006-2016. We build a linear optimization model which maximizes profits from arbitraging hourly prices and use the... more

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 176 (605)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    In this work, we study the profitability of energy storage operated in the Nordic, German, and UK electricity day-ahead markets during 2006-2016. We build a linear optimization model which maximizes profits from arbitraging hourly prices and use the model output of profits and storage cycles in further econometric analyses. We quantify and disentangle the effects of electricity spot price volatility, electricity demand, carbon emission price, wind and solar generation, and spread between gas and coal prices on profits and operation of 1-13MWh energy storages. Among others we find that solar generation is associated with lower profits but higher operating frequency of energy storages in Germany. Wind power generation is associated with positive effects on profits in the UK and Germany. vRES does not affect profits or operation of the Nordic energy storages.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
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    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/193942
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 605 (December 2018)
    Subjects: Energy storage; optimization; profitability; risk analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen