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  1. Why so negative?
    negative party positioning in spatial models of voting
    Author: Hoch, Felix; Kellermann, Kim Leonie
    Published: November 2020
    Publisher:  University of Münster, CIW - Center for Interdisciplinary Economics, Münster

    Why should political parties say what they do not want instead of saying what they want? In this paper, we introduce the concept of negative positioning into spatial models of voting and discuss its relevance as a campaigning tool in European... more

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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 300
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    Why should political parties say what they do not want instead of saying what they want? In this paper, we introduce the concept of negative positioning into spatial models of voting and discuss its relevance as a campaigning tool in European multiparty systems. By negative positioning, we refer to the rejection, denial or criticism of opposing positions on a political issue scale without providing information on what a party's own position is instead. We argue that negative positioning is an attractive tool in reaction to high issue salience among voters as it allows to acknowledge the respective issue without costly commitment to or design of own policy proposals. We provide a first empirical test of our concept for elections held in 26 European countries between 2002 and 2018, examining immigration as an issue with a highly volatile salience. We use data on voter issue salience from the Eurobarometer and on party positions from the Manifesto Project Database. Indeed we find that if an issue is highly salient among voters, parties increase the share of negative positioning on that issue in their manifestos. Interestingly, negative positioning is more prevalent among smaller, opposition and extreme parties.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/226690
    Series: Discussion paper series / Center for Interdisciplinary Economics ; 2020, 1
    Subjects: issue salience; party positioning; negative positioning; negative campaigning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Violence against politicians, negative campaigning, and public opinion
    evidence from Poland
    Author: Krakowski, Krzysztof; Morales, Juan S.; Sandu, Dani
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Collegio Carlo Alberto, [Torino]

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 671
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Carlo Alberto notebooks ; no. 624 (December 2020)
    Subjects: violence; public opinion; negative campaigning; Poland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Political awareness, microtargeting of voters, and negative electoral campaigning
    Author: Shipper, Burkhard C.; Hee Yeul Woo
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Dep. of Economics, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.

    In modern elections, ideologically motivated candidates with a wealth of information about individual voters and sophisticated campaign strategies are faced by voters who lack awareness of some political issues and are uncertain about the exact... more

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 73 (2014,8)
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    In modern elections, ideologically motivated candidates with a wealth of information about individual voters and sophisticated campaign strategies are faced by voters who lack awareness of some political issues and are uncertain about the exact political positions of candidates. We study to what extent electoral campaigns can raise awareness of issues and unravel information about candidates' political positions. We allow for microtargeting in which candidates target messages to subsets of voters. A candidate's message consists of a subset of issues and some information on her political position in the multi-dimensional policy subspace spanned by this subset of issues. The information provided can be vague, it can be even silent on some issues, but candidates are not allowed to bluntly lie about their ideology. Every voter votes for the candidate she expects to be closest to her but takes into account only the subspace spanned by the issues that come up during the campaign. We show that any prudent rationalizable election outcome is the same as if voters have full awareness of issues and complete information of policy points, both in parliamentary and presidential elections. We show by examples that these results may break down when there is lack of electoral competition, when candidates are unable to use microtargeting, or when voters have limited abilities of political reasoning. Allowing for negative campaigning restores the positive results if voters' political reasoning abilities are limited. It can even be achieved with just public campaign message in the presidential elections while parliamentary elections still require microtargeting of voters.

     
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    Content information
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/109678
    Series: Working papers / University of California, Department of Economics ; 14-8
    Subjects: electoral competition; multidimensional policy space; microtargeting; dogwhistle politics; negative campaigning; ideological candidates; presidential elections; parliamentary elections; persuasion games; verifiable information; unawareness; framing; prudent rationalizability; forward-induction
    Scope: Online-Ressource (52 S.), graph. Darst.