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Displaying results 51 to 75 of 116.

  1. Regional cooperation and integration
    why? where? and so what?
    Author: De Lombaerde, Philippe
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  UNU CRIS, [Brugge, Belgium]

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / United Nations University, Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies ; no. 2023, 04
    Subjects: Regional integration; regional cooperation; regionalism; migration; trade; digital governance; finance; security; democracy; rights; taxes; social policy; health; education; culture; science; natural resources
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  2. Climate protection versus convergence?
    Author: Lengwiler, Yvan
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  Universität Basel, Faculty of Business and Economics, Basel, Switzerland

    Global economic convergence and protection of the climate are both worthwhile goals. Yet, there is an inherent tension between them. Greenhouse gases are a waste product that is often emitted in the production process. Limiting such emissions... more

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    Global economic convergence and protection of the climate are both worthwhile goals. Yet, there is an inherent tension between them. Greenhouse gases are a waste product that is often emitted in the production process. Limiting such emissions therefore hampers the accumulation of income and capital. I expand Solow's growth model to accommodate green house gases, and use this to estimate the contribution of such emissions to economic development. The sobering insight is that we would not have witnessed any convergence in the last 45 years if poorer countries had not increased greenhouse gas emissions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261065
    Edition: replaces version of September 2021
    Series: WWZ working paper ; 2021, 12
    Subjects: climate change; convergence; growth theory; growth accounting; green housegases; GHG; carbon emissions; pollution; poverty; natural resources
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The effect of corruption on foreign direct investment in natural resources: a Latin American case study
    Author: Cruz, Manuel David; Sedai, Ashish Kumar
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Canberra

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CAMA working paper ; 2021, 98 (December 2021)
    Subjects: Foreign direct investment; corruption; natural resources; grabbing hand; Latin America
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten)
  4. EU financial assistance available to LRAs in Mediterranean partner countries
    Author: Sidło, Katarzyna; Chmielewska, Aleksandra; Dicuonzo, Virginia; Zanhouo, Abdoul Karim
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  European Committee of the Regions, Bruxelles, Belgique

    This note will focus on the key policy areas outlined in the Joint communication of the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy A new Agenda for the Mediterranean on 09 February 2021. These... more

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    This note will focus on the key policy areas outlined in the Joint communication of the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy A new Agenda for the Mediterranean on 09 February 2021. These policy areas include human development and the rule of law, peace and security, migration, and the green transition. According to the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), adopted by the Council on 17 December 2020, EU expenditures for 2021-2027 will cover the following areas: 1. Single Market, Innovation, and Digital; 2. Cohesion, Resilience, and Values; 3. Natural Resources and Environment; 4. Migration and Border Management; 5. Security and Defence; 6. Neighbourhood and the World; 7. European Public Administration.

     
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  5. EU financial assistance available to local and regional authorities in Eastern partnership countries
    Author: Bieliei, Stanislav; Zubel, Karolina; Sidło, Katarzyna
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  European Committee of the Regions, Bruxelles, Belgique

    The key policy areas outlined in the Joint Communication of the European Commission (EC) and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Eastern Partnership policy beyond 2020: Reinforcing Resilience - an Eastern... more

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    The key policy areas outlined in the Joint Communication of the European Commission (EC) and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Eastern Partnership policy beyond 2020: Reinforcing Resilience - an Eastern Partnership that delivers for all, on 18 March 2021, include, among others, sustainable development, rule of law, resilience, and the digital and green transition1. According to the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), adopted by the Council on 17 December 2020, EU expenditures for 20212027 will cover the following areas2: 1. Single Market, Innovation, and Digital; 2. Cohesion, Resilience, and Values; 3. Natural Resources and Environment; 4. Migration and Border Management; 5. Security and Defence; 6. Neighbourhood and the World; 7. European Public Administration.

     
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  6. Climate protection versus convergence?
    Author: Lengwiler, Yvan
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  Universität Basel, Faculty of Business and Economics, Basel, Switzerland

    Global economic convergence and protection of the climate are both worthwhile goals. Yet, there is an inherent tension between them. Greenhouse gases are a waste product that is often emitted in the production process. Limiting such emissions... more

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    Global economic convergence and protection of the climate are both worthwhile goals. Yet, there is an inherent tension between them. Greenhouse gases are a waste product that is often emitted in the production process. Limiting such emissions therefore hampers the accumulation of income and capital. I expand Solow's growth model to accommodate green house gases, and use this to estimate the contribution of such emissions to economic development. The sobering insight is that we would not have witnessed any convergence in the last 45 years if poorer countries had not increased greenhouse gas emissions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: WWZ working paper ; 2021, 12
    Subjects: climate change; convergence; growth theory; growth accounting; green housegases; GHG; carbon emissions; pollution; poverty; natural resources
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Datei wurde von der herausgebenden Institution entfernt
  7. Export diversification and dependence on natural resources
    Author: Zarach, Zuzanna; Parteka, Aleksandra
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdańsk

    This paper models export diversification in the context of an abundance of natural resources by decomposing the relative Theil index. On a sample of 160 countries from 1996 to 2018 we document that 74% of the high export concentration typical of the... more

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    This paper models export diversification in the context of an abundance of natural resources by decomposing the relative Theil index. On a sample of 160 countries from 1996 to 2018 we document that 74% of the high export concentration typical of the initial stage of development is driven by the limited variety of products other than natural resources. Later, the component representing export reallocation between resources and non-resource products gains importance, and eventually, together with intra-resource heterogeneity, explains the entire amount of export diversification at high income levels. Our estimates show that natural resource abundance (in particular of fossil fuels) impedes overall diversification, limiting the variety of non-resource exports and hampering restructuring towards technologically advanced exports. However, once size and productivity differences across countries are taken into account, the effect of resource abundance on export diversification is weak.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273134
    Edition: This version: October 2022
    Series: Array ; 2022, no 4 = 70
    Subjects: natural resources; export diversification; Theil; decomposition
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Natural resources, renewable energy, and governance
    a path towards sustainable development
    Author: Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh; Ojong, Nathanael
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Based on data for 48 African countries for the period 2000-2020, we analyse the effects of natural resources on renewable energy development and the mediating effects of governance on that relationship. For this purpose, the Ordinary Least Squares... more

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    Based on data for 48 African countries for the period 2000-2020, we analyse the effects of natural resources on renewable energy development and the mediating effects of governance on that relationship. For this purpose, the Ordinary Least Squares method was used to develop a baseline regression model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach was used for the dynamic model regression. Quantile regression was used for robustness checking across the various distributions of renewable energy. First, we find that natural resources enhance renewable energy development in Africa and that the results are robust across alternative specifications of natural resources and governance, except for forest resources, which have a negative effect on renewable energy development. When robustness is checked through a quantile regression analysis, the results show that the positive effect depends on the conditional distribution of natural resources and the type of natural resource under consideration. The negative effect of total natural resources becomes weaker as we move towards higher quantiles. Second, governance interacts with natural resource rents to generate positive effects across different governance specifications and natural resources, except for coal rent. We thereby derive some relevant implications for renewable energy financing in African countries.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/298182
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/22, 094
    Subjects: Sustainable development; renewable energy; natural resources; governance; Africa; SDG7
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. A look offshore
    unpacking the routes of misinvoicing in international trade
    Author: Dragomirescu-Gaina, Catalin; Elia, Leandro
    Published: December 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We study whether misinvoicing in international trade is reflected in cross-border bank accounts as reported by offshore financial centres. We show that residents hold more offshore wealth when local misinvoicing practices thrive, especially for... more

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    We study whether misinvoicing in international trade is reflected in cross-border bank accounts as reported by offshore financial centres. We show that residents hold more offshore wealth when local misinvoicing practices thrive, especially for under-invoiced exports of natural resources. These results are driven by less-developed countries, autocracies, and resource-rich countries, which typically lack institutional capacity and/or political willingness to deter capital flight and misinvoicing practices. All our results are consistent with rent-seeking behaviour by local elites, and we provide corroborative evidence to support this claim.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292672898
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273951
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 156
    Subjects: trade misinvoicing; cross-border banking; offshore financial centres; natural resources
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. GREEN WRITINGS OF ARUNDHATI ROY
    Author: P, Jaison Jose
    Published: 2014

    This paper is an effort for an ecocritical reading of Arundhati Roy’s writings - the novel God of Small Things and a few of her non-fictional works with a focus on Broken Republic and The Algebra of Infinite Justice. Environmental concerns run... more

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    This paper is an effort for an ecocritical reading of Arundhati Roy’s writings - the novel God of Small Things and a few of her non-fictional works with a focus on Broken Republic and The Algebra of Infinite Justice. Environmental concerns run parallel to, or are integrated with, other social and political implications in most of her writings. The paper identifies Roy as an environmental and literary activist who consistently stands for conservation along with her larger concerns of socio-political justice for the subaltern and she can be considered as an environmental justice activist. The paper also attempts to highlight the significance of environmentalism in literature against the backdrop of the enormous ecological threats that the planet earth faces at present.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Article (journal)
    Format: Online
    Parent title: Enthalten in: Journal of Dharma; Bengaluru : Dharmaram College, 1975; 39(2014), 1, Seite 47-70; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: Environment; activism; conservation; consumerist culture; depletion; ecocriticism; marginalized communities; natural resources; resistance; socio-political issues
  11. Mineral resources and the salience of ethnic identities
    Author: Berman, Nicolas; Couttenier, Mathieu; Girard, Victoire
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [Aix-Marseille School of Economics], [Aix-en-Provence

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Edition: This version: July 14, 2022
    Series: Working papers / AMSE, Aix-Marseille School of Economics ; WP 2022, nr 32
    Subjects: identity; ethnicity; natural resources
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Some reflections on Indonesia and the resource curse
    Author: Hill, Hal; Pasaribu, Donny Harrison
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, [Canberra]

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working papers in trade and development ; no. 2022, 06
    Subjects: Indonesia; resource curse; natural resources; political economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Mining for peace
    Author: Hodler, Roland; Schaudt, Paul; Vesperoni, Alberto
    Published: 14 January 2023
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP17807
    Subjects: Civil conflict; ethnic conflict; natural resources; mining
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Mining for peace
    Author: Hodler, Roland; Schaudt, Paul; Vesperoni, Alberto
    Published: January 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The energy transition increases the demand for minerals from ethnically diverse, conflict-prone developing countries. We study whether and where mining is possible in such countries without raising the risk of civil conflict. We proceed in three... more

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    The energy transition increases the demand for minerals from ethnically diverse, conflict-prone developing countries. We study whether and where mining is possible in such countries without raising the risk of civil conflict. We proceed in three steps: First, we propose a theoretical model to predict the occurrence and location of conflict events on the territory of a country based on the spatial distribution of ethnic groups and resource rents. Second, we verify the predictive power of this model using granular spatial data from Sierra Leone and confirm its broader applicability using less granular data from a sample of eight West African countries. Third, we employ our framework to simulate the potential impact of new (planned and unplanned) mining projects in Sierra Leone. A crucial insight is that new mining projects do not necessarily translate into more conflict but may pacify the country under the right conditions and the right policies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/271851
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10207 (2023)
    Subjects: civil conflict; ethnic conflict; natural resources; mining
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Causal impacts of government social expenditure on infant mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean
    new evidence from 1990-2017 data
    Author: Carraro, Alessandro
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Office of Research - Innocenti working paper ; WP-2021, 09 (November 2021)
    Subjects: Caribbean; income distribution; infant mortality; infant mortality rate; Latin America; natural resources; social expenditure
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Cotton made in Africa
    a case study of sustainable production through responsible consumption
    Author: Peltzer, Roger; Brüntrup, Michael
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) gGmbH, Bonn

    Responsible consumption and production are key to sustainable development, and are therefore a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12) in their own right. Consumption and production patterns also need to be socially responsible and economically viable.... more

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bibliothek
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    Responsible consumption and production are key to sustainable development, and are therefore a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12) in their own right. Consumption and production patterns also need to be socially responsible and economically viable. Private-sector requirements and state supply chain regulations, which have become more widespread in recent years, are designed to ensure that products consumed in high-income countries but manufactured (at least partially) in low-income countries are produced in line with certain social and environmental standards. Although progress has been made, many questions remain, particularly regarding whether the local social and economic impacts are sufficient. Cotton made in Africa (CmiA) is a certification initiative within the textile industry. Established 18 years ago as part of one of the largest public-private partnerships of German Development Cooperation with private foundations and private companies around an agriculture-based supply chain, CmiA – like its sister scheme the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) – seeks to ensure compliance with specific environmental and social conditions in the cotton production process. Wherever it is implemented and monitored, the CmiA-standard provides retailers and consumers with the assurance that the cotton in the textiles and garments in question has been produced in line with CmiA-requirements. Up to now, about one million smallholder households with six to seven million family members in Africa produce under the label. This Policy Brief reflects on the impact that the introduction of CmiA has had on certified farmers, as well as on the challenges facing this standard following its successful market launch, and draws broader lessons learned for sustainability standards. The key findings are as follows: • CmiA shows that sustainability standards do not only work for high-priced niche markets but can also be implemented in the mass market. • While cotton is a non-food cash crop, the revenues it generates can boost food security among smallholders via the income channel and can also promote local food production through a number of other impact channels. • Standard-setting must be accompanied by support for farmers so that they are able to comply and activate impact channels. It remains a huge challenge not only to guarantee social and ecological standards but also to achieve a “living income” for smallholder farmers. • For all the benefits of publicly funding the start-up phase of implementing sustainability standards, it must be ensured that these standards are subsequently financed from the value chain itself. Textile retailers and consumers ultimately have to pay for the goods they consume and which have been manufactured under sustainable conditions. • As the mass-market implementation of sustainability standards takes time and patience, we cannot expect to see dramatic improvements in the local living conditions and incomes of the farmers in the short to medium term. Instead, this will require continuous investment in smallholder production and in the local environments over many years. • Transitioning from pesticide-intensive production to a system that does not use such products without major productivity losses is challenging but seems feasible. • In order to determine whether, and to what extent, the wellbeing of smallholder farmers is increased by complying with sustainability standards, good and continuous impact assessment is needed and this must be adapted to the especially complex conditions of African smallholder agriculture.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/271162
    Series: IDOS policy brief ; 2023, 6
    Subjects: Bekleidungsindustrie; Baumwollindustrie; Produktion; Verbraucherverhalten; Sozioökonomischer Wandel; Ländliche Entwicklung; Sustainable development goals; Sub-Saharan Africa; cotton; agriculture; sustainability standard; consumption; natural resources; environment; smallholders; poverty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
  17. Green parties and building permissions
    evidence from Bavarian municipalities
    Author: Hufschmidt, Patrick
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    This paper studies whether the rise of environmental parties during the last few decades can provide an explanation for reduced housing supply. Specifically, we examine the impact of Green Party presence on short-term housing supply in Bavarian... more

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    This paper studies whether the rise of environmental parties during the last few decades can provide an explanation for reduced housing supply. Specifically, we examine the impact of Green Party presence on short-term housing supply in Bavarian municipalities from 1987 to 2019. Using a set of staggered difference-in-differences approaches and a large panel data set, we find that the entry of Green Party members into municipal councils leads to an approximate 5.6% decrease in the short-term issuance of building permits. Our results suggest that even in minority positions, Green Party members can influence local decision-making through highlighting the negative externalities associated with construction projects. Moreover, this influence may lead to policy convergence, where other parties adopt some elements of the Green Party’s environmental agenda to appeal to environmentally conscious voters. Overall, our study contributes to understanding the trade-offs between housing supply and environmental protection in decentralized democratic settings and sheds light on the role of Green Party members in shaping local land use policy. Dieses Papier untersucht, ob der Aufstieg von Umweltparteien in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine Erklärung für reduzierte Wohnraumversorgung bieten kann. Insbesondere werden die Auswirkungen der Präsenz der Grünen auf die kurzfristige Wohnraumversorgung in bayerischen Gemeinden von 1987 bis 2019 analysiert. Unter Verwendung eines Satzes von gestaffelten Differenz-in-Differenzen-Ansätzen und eines großen Paneldatensatzes zeigt sich, dass der Eintritt von Mitgliedern der Grünen in die Gemeinderäte zu einem ungefähren Rückgang der kurzfristigen Erteilung von Baugenehmigungen um 5,6 Prozent führt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Mitglieder der Grünen auch in Minderheitspositionen die lokale Entscheidungsfindung beeinflussen können, indem sie die negativen Externalitäten hervorheben, die mit Bauvorhaben verbunden sind. Darüber hinaus kann dieser Einfluss zu einer Politikkonvergenz führen, bei der andere Parteien einige Elemente der umweltpolitischen Agenda der Grünen übernehmen, um umweltbewusste Wähler anzusprechen. Insgesamt trägt diese Studie zum Verständnis der Abwägungen zwischen Wohnraumversorgung und Umweltschutz in dezentralisierten demokratischen Systemen bei und beleuchtet die Rolle von Mitgliedern von Umweltparteien bei der Gestaltung der lokalen Flächennutzung.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783969732212
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/280424
    Series: Ruhr economic papers ; #1052
    Subjects: Party effects; housing supply; land use policies; natural resources; difference-indifferences
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Rent taxes on natural resources in Norway
    a short overview
    Author: Amundsen, Eirik Schrøder
    Published: January 2024
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    For a long time, Norway has had resource rent taxes on oil- and natural gas extraction as well as on hydropower generation. Recently, resource rent taxes have also been levied on aquaculture, and wind power generation. This paper, gives a short... more

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    For a long time, Norway has had resource rent taxes on oil- and natural gas extraction as well as on hydropower generation. Recently, resource rent taxes have also been levied on aquaculture, and wind power generation. This paper, gives a short overview of the rent theory, the basis for rent generation in Norway, the size of rent generated, the Norwegian tax system for resource rent for each of the resources considered, and the rent taxes collected.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/296000
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10911 (2024)
    Subjects: natural resources; rent taxes; oil and gas; hydropower; wind power; aquaculture
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. From wells to wealth?
    government transfers and human capital
    Author: Acuna, Julio; Balza, Lenin H.; Gomez-Parra, Nicolas
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    To study the causal impact of oil royalties on human capital, we exploit quasi-experimental variation arising from a law in Ecuador that transfers resources to municipalities regardless of their oil-producing status. We find that royalties increase... more

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    To study the causal impact of oil royalties on human capital, we exploit quasi-experimental variation arising from a law in Ecuador that transfers resources to municipalities regardless of their oil-producing status. We find that royalties increase the likelihood of students completing primary and secondary education. Students reaching high school are also more likely to pass and excel on the exit exam. Furthermore, schools are more likely to remain open, increase their size, and become more road-accessible. However, the likelihood of students pursuing higher education decreases as they face steeper opportunity costs when labor demand increases.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/290053
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-1349
    Subjects: natural resources; oil royalties; transfers; human capital; Ecuador
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Do natural resource endowments affect export diversification in Africa?
    a cross-country analysis
    Author: Niass, Dieynaba
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya

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    ISBN: 9789966612632
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    hdl: 123456789/3803
    Series: Research paper / African Economic Research Consortium ; 558
    Subjects: diversification; natural resources; panel data; export diversification; Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Environmental integrity and doing business in Zimbabwe
    challenges and engagement of sustainable enterprises
    Author: De Gobbi, Maria Sabrina
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Zimbabwe has a wealth of natural resources and is rich in biodiversity. The national Government is trying to achieve private sector led economic growth and the challenge to pursue both economic development and sound environmental management at the... more

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    Zimbabwe has a wealth of natural resources and is rich in biodiversity. The national Government is trying to achieve private sector led economic growth and the challenge to pursue both economic development and sound environmental management at the same time appears clear. The objective of this paper is to explore the views of different groups of the business community, including workers, managers and owners of the formal as well as of the informal economy, on how environmental integrity is being pursued in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative/interpretative methods have been applied. The results of a perception survey have been explained through qualitative interviews with Zimbabwean experts. The paper concludes suggesting actions that the private sector can adopt to improve the existing situation and further strengthen its engagement towards environmental integrity in the country.

     
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  22. Investigating the fiscal resource curse
    what's China got to do with it?
    Author: Chachu, Daniel Ofoe; Nketiah-Amponsah, Edward
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The term fiscal resource curse refers to countries' inability to raise taxes from a broad base in the presence of natural resources. We employ a novel instrumental variable strategy to estimate the causal effect of resource revenues on non-resource... more

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    The term fiscal resource curse refers to countries' inability to raise taxes from a broad base in the presence of natural resources. We employ a novel instrumental variable strategy to estimate the causal effect of resource revenues on non-resource tax effort by exploiting the so-called 'China shock'. Since its 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization, China's non-renewable resource trade has driven up commodity prices, raising resource revenues among exporting countries. Exporting countries benefit from infrastructure projects rather than just liquid capital flows. Our results provide no consistent evidence for a fiscal resource curse. On the contrary, a onepercentage-point increase in resource revenues as a percentage of GDP leads to about a 0.3- percentage-point increase in non-resource taxes as a percentage of GDP. China's non-resource trade model might be easing binding constraints to expanding the non-resource sector and presenting an opportunity to diversify the domestic revenue base in developing countries.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292568429
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229309
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 85
    Subjects: China; infrastructure; natural resources; tax effort; trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The extractive industry's impact on economic growth in SADC countries
    Author: Nhabinde, Simeão; Heshmati, Almas
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries are rich in natural resources and in most of them their extractive industries extract and export natural resources with little industrial processing. This study analyzes the direct and... more

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    The Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries are rich in natural resources and in most of them their extractive industries extract and export natural resources with little industrial processing. This study analyzes the direct and indirect impacts that the extractive industries in the SADC countries have on their economic growth. The study also examines the hypothesis of economic convergence. Its empirical results are based on data from the 11 founding SADC countries covering the period 2004-17. The results show that despite the process of integration, the SADC economies do not converge in terms of per capita incomes. The extractive industries have direct negative impacts on the countries' economic growth thus providing evidence of a resource curse. Extractive industries in South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia have positive direct impacts on their economic growth. However, in terms of indirect impacts, the extractive industries do not have any impact on GDP because their impact on manufacturing, human capital, public expenditure, economic openness, exchange rate, and inflation is insignificant. The study also shows that GDP, the colonial path followed by these countries, and inflation have a negative but insignificant impact on extractive industries, while manufacturing, government expenditure, and economic openness have positive but insignificant impacts in all SADC countries. Human capital and exchange rate are the only factors that have both significant positive and negative impacts on economic growth, respectively.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224028
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13586
    Subjects: SADC; extractive industry; growth impact; natural resources; resource curse; Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)
  24. From fiscal stabilization to economic diversification
    a developmental approach to managing resource revenues
    Author: Chang, Ha-joon; Lebdioui, Amir
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The management of revenues from exhaustible natural resources involves a number of challenges. In this paper, we argue that the standard policy advice to managers of resource revenues has been dominated by short-termism and the lack of a perspective... more

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    The management of revenues from exhaustible natural resources involves a number of challenges. In this paper, we argue that the standard policy advice to managers of resource revenues has been dominated by short-termism and the lack of a perspective on economic development and structural transformation. As a result, mainstream approaches have often addressed only the symptoms of commodity dependence (e.g. vulnerability to commodity price volatility) rather than its root causes (insufficiently diversified productive structures). This paper starts by mapping out the various options for managing resource revenues, and reviews their respective economic and political implications. After discussing the limitations of existing theoretical approaches, we suggest an alternative resource revenue management model that is more suited to the context of commodity-dependent developing countries. This approach, which consists in the gradual scaleup of investments in productivity-enhancing assets, enables the alignment of the dual objectives of short-term stabilization and long-term diversification.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292568658
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    hdl: 10419/229332
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 108
    Subjects: commodity dependence; economic development; natural resources; resource revenue management; structural transformation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Pricing sovereign debt in oil-rich economies
    Author: McGregor, Thomas
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    How do oil price movements affect sovereign spreads in an oil-dependent economy? I develop a stochastic general equilibrium model of an economy exposed to co-moving oil price and output processes, with endogenous sovereign default risk. The model... more

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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Heidenheim, Bibliothek
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    How do oil price movements affect sovereign spreads in an oil-dependent economy? I develop a stochastic general equilibrium model of an economy exposed to co-moving oil price and output processes, with endogenous sovereign default risk. The model explains a large proportion of business cycle fluctuations in interest-rate spreads in oil-exporting emerging market economies, particularly the countercyclicallity of interest rate spreads and oil prices. Higher risk-aversion, more impatient governments, larger oil shares and a stronger correlation between domestic output and oil price shocks all lead to stronger co-movements between risk premiums and the oil price

     
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