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  1. Follow your heart
    survival chances and costs after heart attacks : an instrumental variable approach
    Author: Sanwald, Alice; Schober, Thomas
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Johannes Kepler University, Department of Economics, Austria, Linz, Austria

    We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria from 2002-2011. As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of... more

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    We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria from 2002-2011. As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of patients' initial admission to these specialized hospitals. To account for the nonrandom selection of patients into hospitals, we exploit individuals' place of residence as a source of exogenous variation in an instrumental variable framework. We find that the initial admission to specialized hospitals increases patients' survival chances substantially. The effect on 3-year mortality is -9.5 percentage points. A separation of the sample into subgroups shows the strongest effects in relative terms for patients below the age of 65. We do not find significant effects on longterm inpatient costs and find only marginal increases in outpatient costs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/226438
    Series: Working paper / Christian Doppler Laboratory Aging, Health, and the Labor Market ; no. 1503 (Oktober 2014)
    Subjects: Acute myocardial infarction; mortality; costs; instrumental variables
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  2. Empirical health economics
    selected aspects of health care financing and the production of health
    Author: Sanwald, Alice
    Published: Juni 2014

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
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    Subjects: meta-analysis; atypical employment; health outcomes; employment contracts; health care expenditures; out-of-pocket health expenditures; consumer survey; two-part model; acute myocardial infarction; mortality; instrumental variables; cost-effectiveness
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält 3 Beiträge

    Dissertation, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, 2014
  3. The identification power of smoothness assumptions in models with counterfactual outcomes
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, London

    In this paper, we investigate what can be learned about average counterfactual outcomes when it is assumed that treatment response functions are smooth. The smoothness conditions in this paper amount to assuming that the differences in average... more

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    In this paper, we investigate what can be learned about average counterfactual outcomes when it is assumed that treatment response functions are smooth. The smoothness conditions in this paper amount to assuming that the differences in average counterfactual outcomes are bounded under different treatments. We obtain a set of new partial identification results for the average treatment response by imposing smoothness conditions alone, by combining them with monotonicity assumptions, and by adding in- strumental variables assumptions to treatment responses. We give a numerical illustration of our findings by reanalyzing the return to schooling example of Manski and Pepper (2000) and demonstrate how one can conduct sensitivity analysis by varying the degrees of smoothness assumption. In addition, we discuss how to carry out inference based on the existing literature using our identification results and illustrate its usefulness by applying one of our identification results to the Job Corps Study dataset. Our empirical results show that there is strong evidence of the gender and race gaps among the less educated population.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/97363
    Series: Cemmap working paper / Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice ; 17/14
    Subjects: Bounds; identification regions; instrumental variables; monotonicity; partial identification; sensitivity analysis; treatment responses; treatment selection
    Scope: Online-Ressource (45 S.), graph. Darst.
  4. Instrumental variables
    an econometrician's perspective
    Author: Imbens, Guido
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    I review recent work in the statistics literature on instrumental variables methods from an econometrics perspective. I discuss some of the older, economic, applications including supply and demand models and relate them to the recent applications in... more

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    I review recent work in the statistics literature on instrumental variables methods from an econometrics perspective. I discuss some of the older, economic, applications including supply and demand models and relate them to the recent applications in settings of randomized experiments with noncompliance. I discuss the assumptions underlying instrumental variables methods and in what settings these may be plausible. By providing context to the current applications a better understanding of the applicability of these methods may arise.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/96703
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8048
    Subjects: IV-Schätzung; Ökonometrie; Theorie; simultaneous equations models; randomized experiments; potential outcomes; noncompliance; selection models; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (71, [1] S.), graph. Darst.
  5. Candidates' quality and electoral participation
    evidence from Italian municipal elections
    Author: De Benedetto, Marco Alberto; De Paola, Maria
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    We analyze the impact of the quality of candidates running for a mayor position on turnout using a large data set on Italian municipal elections held from 1993 to 2011. We firstly estimate a municipal fixed effects model and show that an increase in... more

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    We analyze the impact of the quality of candidates running for a mayor position on turnout using a large data set on Italian municipal elections held from 1993 to 2011. We firstly estimate a municipal fixed effects model and show that an increase in the average quality of candidates competing at the electoral race produces a positive impact on turnout. To handle endogeneity issues arising from time variant unobservable features of electoral races, we build on the literature showing that politicians' quality is positively affected by their wage and apply a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design relying on the fact that in Italy the wage of the mayor increases non-monotonically at different thresholds. Results show that an exogenous increase in the average quality of candidates, induced by a higher wage, leads to an increase in turnout by about 2 percentage points.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/96808
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8102
    Subjects: politicians' quality; turnout; fuzzy regression discontinuity design; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (24 S.), graph. Darst.
  6. A comparison of two qantile models with endogeneity
    Author: Wüthrich, Kaspar
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ., Fac. of Economics and Social Sciences, Dep. of Economics, Bern

    This paper analyzes estimators based on the instrumental variable quantile regression (IVQR) model (Chernozhukov and Hansen, 2004, 2005, 2006) under the local quantile treatment effects (LQTE) framework (Abadie et al., 2002). I show that the quantile... more

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    This paper analyzes estimators based on the instrumental variable quantile regression (IVQR) model (Chernozhukov and Hansen, 2004, 2005, 2006) under the local quantile treatment effects (LQTE) framework (Abadie et al., 2002). I show that the quantile treatment effect (QTE) estimators in the IVQR model are equivalent to LQTE for the compliers at transformed quantile levels. This transformation adjusts for differences between the subpopulation-specific potential outcome distributions that are identified in the LQTE model. Moreover, the IVQR estimator of the average treatment effect (ATE) corresponds to a convex combination of the local average treatment effect (LATE) and a weighted average of LQTE for the compliers. I extend the analysis to more general setups that allow for partial failures of the LQTE assumptions, non-binary instruments, and covariates. The results are illustrated with two empirical applications.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/126619
    Series: Discussion papers / Universität Bern, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Economics ; 14-08
    Subjects: Endogeneity; instrumental variables; quantile treatment effect; local quantile treatment effect; average treatment effect; local average treatment effect; rank similarity
    Scope: Online-Ressource (43 S.), graph. Darst.
  7. Selective-referral and unobserved patient heterogeneity
    bias in the volume-outcome relationship
    Author: Hentschker, Corinna; Mennicken, Roman
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  RWI, Essen

    This paper examines the causal effect of the experience of a hospital with treating hip fractures (volume) on treatment outcome for patients. A full sample of administrative data from Germany for the year 2007 is used. We apply an instrumental... more

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    This paper examines the causal effect of the experience of a hospital with treating hip fractures (volume) on treatment outcome for patients. A full sample of administrative data from Germany for the year 2007 is used. We apply an instrumental variable approach to eliminate endogeneity concerns due to reverse causality and unobserved patient heterogeneity. As instruments for case volume we use the number of potential patients and the number of further hospitals in the region around every hospital. Our results indicate that after application of an IV regression of volume on outcome, volume significantly increases quality. Dieser Beitrag analysiert den kausalen Effekt zwischen der Zahl der Fälle eines Krankenhauses und der Qualität der Behandlung für Patienten mit einer Hüftfraktur. Es werden administrative Daten aus Deutschland für das Jahr 2007 genutzt. Wir führen eine Instrumentenvariablenschätzung durch, um Endogenitätsprobleme durch umgekehrte Kausalität sowie durch ausgelassene Variablen zu eliminieren. Als Instrumente nutzen wir die Anzahl potenzieller Patienten sowie die Anzahl weiterer Krankenhäuser in der Umgebung von jedem Krankenhausstandort. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Fallzahl einen signifikanten Effekt auf die Behandlungsqualität hat und damit als eine Einflussgröße betrachtet werden kann, die die Qualität erhöht.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783867886024
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/104736
    Series: Ruhr economic papers ; 527
    Subjects: volume; hospital quality; mortality; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (25 S.)
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
  8. Adults' financial literacy and households' financial assets
    the role of banks information policies
    Author: Fort, Margherita; Manaresi, Francesco; Trucchi, Serena
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  CESifo, München

    We investigate the role of banks information policies in fostering the accumulation of financial knowledge. In Italy, banks belonging to the PattiChiari Consortium implement policies aimed at increasing transparency and procedural simplification,... more

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    We investigate the role of banks information policies in fostering the accumulation of financial knowledge. In Italy, banks belonging to the PattiChiari Consortium implement policies aimed at increasing transparency and procedural simplification, without offering services at lower cost with respect to other banks. We exploit this feature of the Italian banking system and show that these policies promote financial literacy. The increase in financial knowledge attributable to banks information policies significantly affects household financial assets. We use these policies as instruments to estimate the effect of financial literacy on financial assets, showing that it is significantly underestimated by OLS correlation.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/105133
    Series: Array ; 5047
    Subjects: Finanzwissen; Privater Haushalt; Vermögen; Bank; Informationsvermittlung; IV-Schätzung; Italien; banks information policies; financial assets; financial literacy; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (40 S.)
  9. Inference in high dimensional panel models with an application to gun control
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, London

    We consider estimation and inference in panel data models with additive unobserved individual specific heterogeneity in a high dimensional setting. The setting allows the number of time varying regressors to be larger than the sample size. To make... more

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    We consider estimation and inference in panel data models with additive unobserved individual specific heterogeneity in a high dimensional setting. The setting allows the number of time varying regressors to be larger than the sample size. To make informative estimation and inference feasible, we require that the overall contribution of the time varying variables after eliminating the individual specific heterogeneity can be captured by a relatively small number of the available variables whose identities are unknown. This restriction allows the problem of estimation to proceed as a variable selection problem. Importantly, we treat the individual specific heterogeneity as fixed effects which allows this heterogeneity to be related to the observed time varying variables in an unspecified way and allows that this heterogeneity may be non-zero for all individuals. Within this framework, we provide procedures that give uniformly valid inference over a fixed subset of parameters in the canonical linear fixed effects model and over coefficients on a fixed vector of endogenous variables in panel data instrumental variables models with fixed effects and many instruments. An input to developing the properties of our proposed procedures is the use of a variant of the Lasso estimator that allows for a grouped data structure where data across groups are independent and dependence within groups is unrestricted. We provide formal conditions within this structure under which the proposed Lasso variant selects a sparse model with good approximation properties. We present simulation results in support of the theoretical developments and illustrate the use of the methods in an application aimed at estimating the effect of gun prevalence on crime rates.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/130009
    Edition: This version is of November 24, 2014
    Series: Cemmap working paper / Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice ; 50/14
    Subjects: panel data; fixed effects; partially linear model; instrumental variables; high dimensional-sparse regression; inference under imperfect model selection; uniformly valid inference after model selection; clustered standard errors
    Scope: Online-Ressource (80 S.)
  10. On the interpretation of instrumental variables in the presence of specification errors
    Author: Hall, Stephen G.; Swamy, Paravastu A. V. B.; Tavlas, George S.
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ. of Leicester, Dep. of Economics, Leicester

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / University of Leicester, Department of Economics ; 14/19
    Subjects: instrumental variables; generalized method of moments; random coefficient models
    Scope: Online-Ressource (15 S.), Ill.
  11. Fertility, agricultural labor supply, and production
    instrumental variable evidence from Uganda
    Author: Van Campenhout, Bjorn
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Internat. Food Policy Research Inst., Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: IFPRI discussion paper ; 1406
    Subjects: fertility; labor supply; instrumental variables; boy preference
    Scope: Online-Ressource (V, 32 S.), graph. Darst.
  12. The long-run effects of attending an elite school
    evidence from the UK
    Author: Clark, Damon; Del Bono, Emilia
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    This paper estimates the impact of elite school attendance on long-run outcomes including completed education, income and fertility. Our data consists of individuals born in the 1950s and educated in a UK district that assigned students to either... more

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    This paper estimates the impact of elite school attendance on long-run outcomes including completed education, income and fertility. Our data consists of individuals born in the 1950s and educated in a UK district that assigned students to either elite or non-elite secondary schools. Using instrumental variables methods that exploit the school assignment formula, we find that elite school attendance had large impacts on completed education. For women, we find that elite school attendance generated positive effects on labor market outcomes and significant decreases in fertility; for men, we find no elite school impacts on any of these laterlife outcomes.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/106553
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8617
    Subjects: Weiterführende Schule; Dienstleistungsqualität; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsertrag; Fertilität; Frauen; Kohortenanalyse; IV-Schätzung; Schottland; education; school quality; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (48, 33 S.), graph. Darst.
  13. Who benefits from big government?
    a life satisfaction approach
    Author: Knoll, Bodo; Pitlik, Hans
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  WWWforEurope, Vienna

    Which impact does government size have on life satisfaction, and how do effects of bigger government differ between income groups in society? Previous studies typically employed country averages and thus neglect possibly heterogeneous happiness... more

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    Which impact does government size have on life satisfaction, and how do effects of bigger government differ between income groups in society? Previous studies typically employed country averages and thus neglect possibly heterogeneous happiness effects between income groups. The paper addresses empirically the effects of government spending on subjective well-being of individuals belonging to different income groups. Our analysis is based on individual data from 25 European countries participating in the European Social Survey. In contrast to most previous studies we take account of the endogeneity between relative income position and reported life satisfaction by an instrumental variable approach. Our results suggest, first, that most government spending categories, including social protection, are on average negatively related to individual well-being. Secondly, estimated marginal effects of health, education and social protection spending at different income levels show that spending increases always have a stronger negative effect on high income groups' well-being than on low income groups' life satisfaction. For all government spending categories, marginal happiness effects of higher public spending are clearly negative for income groups at the top.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/125641
    Edition: This version: 25 July 2014
    Series: Policy paper / WWWforEurope WelfareWealthWork ; 14
    Subjects: Life satisfaction; government size; health spending; education spending; social protection; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (26 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. Follow your heart
    survival chances and costs after heart attacks : an instrumental variable approach
    Author: Sanwald, Alice; Schober, Thomas
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ., Dep. of Economics, Linz

    We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria from 2002-2011. As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 398 (2014,12)
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    We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria from 2002-2011. As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of patients' initial admission to these specialized hospitals. To account for the nonrandom selection of patients into hospitals, we exploit individuals' place of residence as a source of exogenous variation in an instrumental variable framework. We find that the initial admission to specialized hospitals increases patients' survival chances substantially. The effect on 3-year mortality is -9.5 percentage points. A separation of the sample into subgroups shows the strongest effects in relative terms for patients below the age of 65. We do not find significant effects on longterm inpatient costs and find only marginal increases in outpatient costs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/115129
    Series: Working paper / Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz ; 1412
    Subjects: Acute myocardial infarction; mortality; costs; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (24 S.)
  15. Overidentification test in a nonparametric treatment model with unobserved heterogeneity
    conference paper
    Author: Dzemski, Andreas; Sarnetzki, Florian
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  ZBW, [Kiel

    We provide an overidentification test for a nonparametric treatment model where individuals are allowed to select into treatment based on unobserved gains. Our test can be used to test the validity of instruments in a framework with essential... more

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    We provide an overidentification test for a nonparametric treatment model where individuals are allowed to select into treatment based on unobserved gains. Our test can be used to test the validity of instruments in a framework with essential heterogeneity (Imbens and Angrist 1994). The essential ingredient is to assume that a binary and a continuous instrument are available. The testable restriction is closely related to the overidentification of the Marginal Treatment Effect. We suggest a test statistic and characterize its asymptotic distribution and behavior under local alternatives. In simulations, we investigate the validity and finite sample performance of an easy-to-implement wild bootstrap procedure. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of our method by studying two instruments from the literature on teenage pregnancies. This research is motivated by the observation that in the presence of essential heterogeneity classical GMM overidentification tests can not be used to test for the validity of instruments (Heckman and Schmierer 2010). The test complements existing tests by considering for the first time the subpopulation of compliers. Our approach can be interpreted as a test of index sufficiency and is related to the test of the validity of the matching approach in Heckman et. al 1996,1998. Conditional on covariates the propensity score aggregates all information that the instruments provide about observed outcomes given that the model is correctly specified. The estimated propensity score enters our test statistic as a generated regressor. We quantify the effect of the first stage estimation error and find that in order to have good power against local alternatives we have to reduce the bias from estimating the first stage nonparametrically, e.g., by fitting a higher order local polynomial. For the second stage no bias reduction is necessary. Previous literature (Ying Ying Lee 2013) establishes the validity of a multiplier bootstrap to conduct inference in a treatment model with nonparametrically estimated regressors. Our simulations illustrate that a much easier to implement na ve wild bootstrap procedure can have good properties. In our application we consider two instruments that have been used in the analysis of the effect of teenage child bearing on high-school graduation. For the binary instrument we use teenage miscarriage and for the continuous instrument we use age of first menstrual period. If teenage girls select into pregnancy based on some unobserved heterogeneity that is correlated with their likelihood of graduation miscarriage does not constitute a valid instrument. Our test confirms this line of argument by rejecting that the treatment model is correctly specified.

     
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    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/100620
    Edition: This version: February 15, 2014
    Series: Array ; V1
    Subjects: treatment effects; unobserved heterogeneity; overidentification test; instrumental variables; generated regressors; wild bootstrap; teenage pregnancies
    Scope: Online-Ressource (37 S.), graph. Darst.
  16. The foreign investment effects of tax treaties
    Author: Lejour, Arjan
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation, Oxford

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation ; 14,03
    Subjects: bilateral tax treaties; instrumental variables; FDI; treaty shopping
    Scope: Online-Ressource (26 S.), graph. Darst.
  17. Rainy day politics
    an instrumental variables approach to the effect of parties on political outcomes
    Author: Lind, Jo Thori
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  CESifo, München

    Rain affects electoral turnout both through a direct effect on the cost of voting and by changing the opportunity cost. In a panel of Norwegian municipalities I find that rain on Election Day increases turnout. As turnout affects electoral outcomes,... more

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Rain affects electoral turnout both through a direct effect on the cost of voting and by changing the opportunity cost. In a panel of Norwegian municipalities I find that rain on Election Day increases turnout. As turnout affects electoral outcomes, rain provides an exogeneous source of variation, and hence an instrument, for the party composition of the municipal council. I use this to estimate the causal effect of party composition on politics. I find that an increased share to left wing parties shift spending from education to kindergartens. Beyond this, there are few strong causal effects of political composition.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/102211
    RVK Categories: QB 910
    Series: Array ; 4911
    Subjects: rain; electoral turnout; instrumental variables; economic policy
    Scope: Online-Ressource (38 S.), graph. Darst., Kt.
  18. The foreign investment effects of tax treaties
    Author: Lejour, Arjan
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Hague

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789058336286
    Series: CPB discussion paper ; 265
    Subjects: bilateral tax treaties; instrumental variables; FDI; treaty shopping
    Scope: Online-Ressource (26 S.), graph. Darst.
  19. Cohort size and youth unemployment in Europe
    a regional analysis
    Author: Moffat, John D.; Roth, Duncan
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ., Dep. of Business Administration & Economics, Marburg

    Will the projected decline in the youth share of European countries' populations alleviate the currently high levels of youth unemployment in Europe? Economic theory predicts that in the absence of perfectly competitive labour markets, changes in the... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 102 (2014,40)
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    Will the projected decline in the youth share of European countries' populations alleviate the currently high levels of youth unemployment in Europe? Economic theory predicts that in the absence of perfectly competitive labour markets, changes in the relative size of age groups will cause changes in age-specific unemployment rates. In light of the expected development of the youth population's size over the coming decades, this paper utilises the existing heterogeneity in the structure of youth populations across European countries and regions to identify the effect of nationally and regionally defined age-cohort size on the probability of young individuals being unemployed. To account for the possibility that individuals self-select into areas of low unemployment, the empirical analysis employs an instrumental variables estimator to identify the causal effect of age-cohort size. The results show that individuals in larger cohorts are more likely to be unemployed and that this effect is more pronounced when analysis is conducted at the regional level. While shrinking youth cohorts therefore have the potential to contribute to improving the current youth unemployment situation, this mechanism should not be relied in isolation upon due to the relatively greater importance of changes in the macroeconomic environment.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/105077
    Series: Joint discussion paper series in economics ; 40-2014
    Subjects: Cohort size; unemployment; regional labour markets; causal effect; instrumental variables; EU-SILC
    Scope: Online-Ressource (32 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. Does job insecurity deteriorate health?
    a causal approach for Europe
    Author: Caroli, Eve; Godard, Mathilde
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    This paper estimates the causal effect of perceived job insecurity - i.e. the fear of involuntary job loss - on health in a sample of men from 22 European countries. We rely on an original instrumental variable approach based on the idea that workers... more

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    This paper estimates the causal effect of perceived job insecurity - i.e. the fear of involuntary job loss - on health in a sample of men from 22 European countries. We rely on an original instrumental variable approach based on the idea that workers perceive greater job security in countries where employment is strongly protected by the law, and relatively more so if employed in industries where employment protection legislation is more binding, i.e. in industries with a higher natural rate of dismissals. Using cross-country data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey, we show that when the potential endogeneity of job insecurity is not accounted for, the latter appears to deteriorate almost all health outcomes. When tackling the endogeneity issue by estimating an IV model and dealing with potential weak-instrument issues, the health-damaging effect of job insecurity is confirmed for a limited subgroup of health outcomes, namely suffering from headaches or eyestrain and skin problems. As for other health variables, the impact of job insecurity appears to be insignificant at conventional levels.

     
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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/101936
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8299
    Subjects: job insecurity; health; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (38 S.), graph. Darst.
  21. First-come first-served
    identifying the demand effect of immigration inflows on house prices
    Author: Sanchis-Guarner, Rosa
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  SERC, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: SERC discussion paper ; 160
    Subjects: Immigration; housing markets; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (45 S.), graph. Darst.
  22. The impact of diabetes on employment in Mexico
    Author: Seuring, Till; Goryakin, Yevgeniy; Suhrcke, Marc
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ. of East Anglia, Health Economics Group, Norwich

    This study explores the impact of diabetes on employment in Mexico using data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) (2005), taking into account the possible endogeneity of diabetes via an instrumental variable estimation strategy. We find that... more

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    This study explores the impact of diabetes on employment in Mexico using data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) (2005), taking into account the possible endogeneity of diabetes via an instrumental variable estimation strategy. We find that diabetes significantly decreases employment probabilities for men by about 9.9 percent (p<0.01) and somewhat less so for women - 4.2 percent (p<0.1) - without any indication of diabetes being endogenous. Further analysis shows that diabetes mainly affects the employment probabilities of people above the age of 44 and also has stronger effects on the poor than on the rich, particularly for men. Our results highlight -for the first time - the detrimental employment impact of diabetes in a developing country.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/119798
    Series: HEG working paper ; 14-03
    Subjects: Diabetes; Beschäftigungseffekt; Mexiko; diabetes; employment; instrumental variables; Mexico
    Scope: Online-Ressource (31 S.)
  23. Resurgence of instrument variable estimation and fallacy of endogeneity
    Author: Qin, Duo
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Kiel Inst. for the World Economy, Kiel

    This paper investigates the nature of the IV method for tackling endogeneity. By tracing the rise and fall of the method in macroeconometrics and its subsequent revival in microeconometrics, it pins the method down to an implicit model... more

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    This paper investigates the nature of the IV method for tackling endogeneity. By tracing the rise and fall of the method in macroeconometrics and its subsequent revival in microeconometrics, it pins the method down to an implicit model respecification device - breaking the circular causality of simultaneous relations by redefining it as an asymmetric one conditioning on a non-optimal conditional expectation of the assumed endogenous explanatory variable, thus rejecting that variable as a valid conditional variable. The revealed nature explains why the IV route is popular for models where endogeneity is superfluous whereas measurement errors are of the key concern.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/103207
    Series: Economics / Discussion papers ; 2014-42
    Subjects: Endogeneity; instrumental variables; simultaneity; omitted variable bias; multicollinearity
    Scope: Online-Ressource ([1], 35 S.), graph. Darst.
  24. Follow your heart
    survival chances and costs after heart attacks ; an instrumental variable approach
    Author: Sanwald, Alice; Schober, Thomas
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ. of Innsbruck, Inst. für Finanzwiss., Innsbruck

    We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria from 2002-2011. As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of... more

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    DS 395 (2014,26)
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    We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria from 2002-2011. As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of patients' initial admission to these specialized hospitals. To account for the nonrandom selection of patients into hospitals, we exploit individuals' place of residence as a source of exogenous variation in an instrumental variable framework. We find that the initial admission to specialized hospitals increases patients' survival chances substantially. The effect on 3-year mortality is -9.5 percentage points. A separation of the sample into subgroups shows the strongest effects in relative terms for patients below the age of 65. We do not find significant effects on long-term inpatient costs and find only marginal increases in outpatient costs.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/122213
    Series: Working papers in economics and statistics ; 2014-26
    Subjects: Acute myocardial infarction; mortality; costs; instrumental variables
    Scope: Online-Ressource (24 S.)
  25. Generalized instrumental variable models
    Author: Chesher, Andrew; Rosen, Adam M.
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, London

    The ability to allow for flexible forms of unobserved heterogeneity is an essential ingredient in modern microeconometrics. In this paper we extend the application of instrumental variable (IV) methods to a wide class of problems in which multiple... more

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    DS 243 (2014,4)
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    The ability to allow for flexible forms of unobserved heterogeneity is an essential ingredient in modern microeconometrics. In this paper we extend the application of instrumental variable (IV) methods to a wide class of problems in which multiple values of unobservable variables can be associated with particular combinations of observed endogenous and exogenous variables. In our Generalized Instrumental Variable (GIV) models, in contrast to traditional IV models, the mapping from unobserved heterogeneity to endogenous variables need not admit a unique inverse. The class of GIV models allows unobservables to be multivariate and to enter non-separably into the determination of endogenous variables, thereby removing strong practical limitations on the role of unobserved heterogeneity. Important examples include models with discrete or mixed continuous/discrete outcomes and continuous unobservables, and models with excess heterogeneity where many combinations of different values of multiple unobserved variables, such as random coefficients, can deliver the same realizations of outcomes. We use tools from random set theory to study identification in such models and provide a sharp characterization of the identified set of structures admitted. We demonstrate the application of our analysis to a continuous outcome model with an interval-censored endogenous explanatory variable.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/97370
    Series: Cemmap working paper / Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice ; 04/14
    Subjects: instrumental variables; endogeneity; excess heterogeneity; limited information; set identification; partial identification; random sets; incomplete models
    Scope: Online-Ressource (60 S.), graph. Darst.