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Displaying results 151 to 175 of 326.

  1. Not that basic
    how level, design and context matter for the redistributive outcomes of universal basic income
    Author: Aerts, Elise; Marx, Ive; Verbist, Gerlinde
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  [Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex], [Colchester, Essex, UK]

    Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty, on top of many other benefits, including greatly reduced administrative complexity and cost. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative... more

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    Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty, on top of many other benefits, including greatly reduced administrative complexity and cost. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative two-country setting, we show that the potential poverty-reducing impact of BI strongly depends on exactly how and where it is implemented. Implementing a BI requires far more choices than advocates seem to realize. The level at which the BI is set matters, but its exact specification matters even more. Which parts of the existing tax-benefit system are maintained, and which parts are abolished, modified or replaced? The impact of a BI, be it a low or a high one, thus strongly depends on the characteristics of the system that it is (partially) replacing or complementing, as well as the socio-economic context in which it is introduced. Some versions of BI could potentially help to reduce poverty but always at a significant cost and with substantial sections of the population incurring significant losses, which matters for political feasibility. A partial basic income complementing existing provisions appears to make more potential sense than a full basic income replacing them. The simplicity of BI, however, tends to be vastly overstated.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/300370
    Series: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 24, 01
    Subjects: Basic income; poverty; income distribution; policy interaction; microsimulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s
    Author: Ernst, Ekkehard; Langot, François; Merola, Rossana; Gonzales Pulgarin, Jhon Jair
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Concerns about widening inequality have increased attention on the topic of equality of opportunities and intergenerational mobility. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to analyse how educational and income mobility has... more

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    Concerns about widening inequality have increased attention on the topic of equality of opportunities and intergenerational mobility. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to analyse how educational and income mobility has evolved in the United States of America. We show that since the 1980s the probability of moving from the bottom to the top of the education and income distribution (upward mobility) has increased. On the other hand, for children whose parents graduated from college, downward educational and income mobility has decreased. High parental income enables parents to insure against intergenerational income falling, generating a correlation between parents' and children's income. We conclude that American society, by increasing the number of university places, has created opportunities for students from low-income families to achieve higher educational attainments, which have pushed them out of the immobility trap. However, society has also developed an elite, which is wealthy and well educated. For those born to this elite, their family's status has a strong impact on their welfare and that of future generations.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789220404812; 9789220404829; 9789220404836; 9789220404843
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/289835
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 111 (March 2024)
    Subjects: inequality; social mobility; future of work; youth employment; employment policy; education; income distribution; low income; youth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Distribuição de renda, consumo e estrutura produtiva: uma análise a partir das matrizes de contabilidade social e financeira para a economia brasileira
    Author: Vieira, Juliana Rodrigues; Libânio, Gilberto de Assis; Cardoso, Débora Freire
    Published: dezembro de 2023
    Publisher:  UFMG/Cedeplar, Belo Horizonte

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Texto para discussão / UFMG, Cedeplar ; no 663
    Subjects: Productive structure; economic growth; income distribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  4. Economic growth, income distribution, and financial system: an analysis based on financial social accounting matrices for the Brazilian economy
    Author: Vieira, Juliana Rodrigues; Libânio, Gilberto de Assis; Cardoso, Débora Freire
    Published: dezembro de 2023
    Publisher:  UFMG/Cedeplar, Belo Horizonte

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    Series: Texto para discussão / UFMG, Cedeplar ; no 664
    Subjects: income distribution; economic growth; financial system
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Differential bunching impacts across the income distribution
    evidence from Zambian tax administrative data
    Author: Bryson, Samuel; Adu-Ababio, Kwabena; Mwale, Evaristo; Rand, John
    Published: December 2023
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We investigate the behavioural responses of individual taxpayers to changes in marginal personal income tax rates applying empirical bunching methodology to tax administrative data from Zambia over the period from 2014 to 2021. We find evidence for... more

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    We investigate the behavioural responses of individual taxpayers to changes in marginal personal income tax rates applying empirical bunching methodology to tax administrative data from Zambia over the period from 2014 to 2021. We find evidence for excess bunching at the first kink in the tax schedule for all years but less evidence of bunching at the second and third thresholds. While bunching is considerable and behavioural responses are observed to changes in the location of the kinks over time, bunching at reference points ('round-number bunching') also appears large. Implied elasticities of taxable income are however not remarkable, and comparing actual and estimated counterfactual wage distributions reveal that missed tax revenue arising from the excess bunching is limited. This is consistent with the observed bunching reacting sharply and immediately to changes in the location of the kink points over time, suggesting that observed behavioural change is driven by reporting behaviour rather than real economic responses.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292674502
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    hdl: 10419/283838
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 142
    Subjects: tax bunching; personal income taxation; Zambia; income distribution; tax data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Income distribution and the incentive to privatization
    Author: Benassi, Corrado; Colombo, Caterina; Chirco, Alessandra
    Published: dicembre 2023
    Publisher:  Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di economia e management, Ferrara

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: Quaderno DEM ; 2023, 8
    Subjects: Mixed oligopoly; income distribution; privatization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Globalization, productivity growth, and labor compensation
    Author: Dreger, Christian; Fourné, Marius; Holtemöller, Oliver
    Published: [2023?]
    Publisher:  Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) - Member of the Leibniz Association, Halle (Saale), Germany

    We analyze how changes in international trade integration affect productivity and the functional income distribution. To account for endogeneity, we construct a leave-out measure for international trade integration for country-industry pairs using... more

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    We analyze how changes in international trade integration affect productivity and the functional income distribution. To account for endogeneity, we construct a leave-out measure for international trade integration for country-industry pairs using international input-output tables. Our findings corroborate on the country-industry level that international trade integration increases productivity. Moreover, we show that both trade in intermediate inputs and trade in value added is associated with lower labor shares in emerging markets. For advanced countries, we document a positive effect of trade in value added on the labor share of income. Further, we show that the effects on productivity and labor share are heterogeneous across different sectors. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for a possible throwback in international trade integration due to experiences from recent crises.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/280747
    Edition: This version: December 18, 2023
    Series: IWH discussion papers ; 2022, no. 7 (March 2022) [rev.]
    Subjects: global value chains; globalization; income distribution; labor share; productivity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 39 Seiten, 0,93 MB), Diagramme
    Notes:

    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 26-31
  8. Inequality and market concentration
    new evidence from Australia
    Author: Hotchin, Lachlan; Leigh, Andrew
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Are excessively concentrated markets inequitable as well as inefficient? We explore this issue by analyzing the degree of market concentration in the industries where Australia's wealthiest made their fortunes. Compared with the economy at large, we... more

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    Are excessively concentrated markets inequitable as well as inefficient? We explore this issue by analyzing the degree of market concentration in the industries where Australia's wealthiest made their fortunes. Compared with the economy at large, we find that top wealth holders have tended to make their fortunes in industries with a higher-than-average degree of market concentration. Top wealth shares have grown substantially, and from 1990 to 2020, there appears to have been an increase in the propensity of top wealth holders to make their fortunes in highly concentrated industries.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/296031
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10942 (2024)
    Subjects: income distribution; competition; market power
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Three tales of gender equality in a post-industrial world
    Author: Aumaitre, Ariane
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl, Luxembourg

    The last decades have witnessed an unprecedented increase in women's economic independence through higher educational attainment, labor force participation and an increase in the share of female-led households. However, up to date there is a gap in... more

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    The last decades have witnessed an unprecedented increase in women's economic independence through higher educational attainment, labor force participation and an increase in the share of female-led households. However, up to date there is a gap in the literature concerning how this increase in independence has translated into women's living standards, measured through disposable income. Using a combination of descriptive analysis, OLS regression and RIF regression based decomposition, this paper has unpacks the relationship between economic independence and living standards, and the driving factors behind it. The analysis unfolds three stories regarding the relationship between increasing economic independence for women across developed economies and women's economic wellbeing. First, a story of emancipation for women at the top of the income distribution, who have seen an increase in their living standards. This is especially the case for highly educated women in dual earner couples. Secondly, a story of compensation and stability of living standards for women at the middle of the income distribution, whose entrance in the labor force manages to balance, at the household level, the decrease in male earnings witnessed during the last decades. And, finally, a story of undelivered promises for women at the bottom of the income distribution, who have experienced a relative loss in their economic wellbeing, especially when belonging to non-traditional family structures such as single mother households. From a welfare state perspective, the analysis suggests that traditional welfare regime classifications cannot fully explain differences in living standards among women.

     
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283856
    Series: LIS working paper series ; no. 849
    Subjects: women; inequality; income distribution; welfare states
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. A more equal world?
    an analysis of the global inequality trends in the period 2000-2020
    Author: Guerriero, Arthur Zito
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  ifso, Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany

    This paper analyzes the evolution of global interpersonal income inequality in the last decades. While some authors characterize the period 2000-2020 as an "age of convergence" (Milanovic, 2022), others argue that global inequality has remained... more

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    This paper analyzes the evolution of global interpersonal income inequality in the last decades. While some authors characterize the period 2000-2020 as an "age of convergence" (Milanovic, 2022), others argue that global inequality has remained constant (Chancel & Piketty, 2021) or even increased (Hickel, 2017). Nevertheless, all datasets used in the literature point to a decline in standard measures of relative inequality, meaning that the difference in narratives stems from the way these data are interpreted. This paper contributes to the interpretation of this period by showing that while global inequality did fall between 2000 and 2020, this trend was not the result of a truly global convergence process involving all countries, as it was mainly driven by high growth rates in Asia. Combining data from the World Income Inequality Database (WIID) with population forecasts from the United Nations, an upward trend in global income inequality is projected for the coming years. The present study shows that a significant share of the Chinese population has reached such high-income levels that further increases in these incomes will contribute to a rise in inequality. Moreover, a further reduction in global inequality will require faster income growth in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, whereas sustained high growth rates in East Asia will contribute to higher inequality.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/281777
    Series: ifso working paper ; no. 29 (2024)
    Subjects: global inequality; income distribution; China; convergence; projection
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Exploring options to deepen and broaden the personal income tax base in South Africa
    Author: Wright, Gemma; Gasior, Katrin; Ollonqvist, Joonas; Steyn, Wynnona; Ngobeni, Winile; Barnes, Helen; Noble, Michael; McLennan, David; Pirttilä, Jukka; Jansen, Ada
    Published: December 2023
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    In this paper we explore options for augmenting South Africa's personal income tax revenue using two microsimulation models: PITMOD simulates the personal income tax system and is underpinned by a dataset comprising a full extract of anonymized... more

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    In this paper we explore options for augmenting South Africa's personal income tax revenue using two microsimulation models: PITMOD simulates the personal income tax system and is underpinned by a dataset comprising a full extract of anonymized individual-level administrative tax data; and SAMOD simulates personal income tax and social benefits using a nationally representative survey. We explore policy reforms at both the upper and lower ends of the income distribution of tax-registered individuals and assess the impacts on revenue and measures of progressivity. The PITMOD simulations are enhanced by introducing a behavioural element to the model and are complemented by using SAMOD to estimate the impacts of the reforms on the whole population including those who are not tax-registered.

     
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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292674557
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283843
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 147
    Subjects: microsimulation; personal income tax; income distribution; South Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Automation, taxes and transfers with international rivalry
    Author: Tyers, Rodney; Zhou, Yixiao
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [The University of Western Australia, Economics], [Crawley, WA]

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    Series: Discussion paper / The University of Western Australia, Economics ; 22, 21
    Subjects: Automation; income distribution; taxes; transfers; global modelling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Basic income advocates, sober up
    Author: Marx, Ive
    Published: January 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Basic income advocates see a universal income grant, no questions asked, as bringing many potential benefits, not in the least as an ironclad protection against poverty, if set high enough. It is hard to know with any certainty what a world with a... more

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    Basic income advocates see a universal income grant, no questions asked, as bringing many potential benefits, not in the least as an ironclad protection against poverty, if set high enough. It is hard to know with any certainty what a world with a sizeable basic income would look like but we can make theoretically and empirically informed guesses about its likely first-round impacts. Neither the insights we get from (quasi-)experimental research nor those from (micro-)simulation modelling are very encouraging. The estimated first-round effects on poverty are for the most part disappointing, especially in countries with comparatively well-functioning social protection systems. Aggregate employment is likely to fall, especially affecting women. It requires an enormous leap of faith to assume that the effects further down the road would be miraculously better. Moreover, there seems to be a vast gap between what people think a basic income would bring them and how it would actually impact them. Under any plausible scenario there would be many net losers. In short, there are few sound reasons at this time to argue for replacing the better performing social protection systems currently in place with a basic income, especially if a more adequate social floor is the main concern.

     
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    hdl: 10419/295780
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16757
    Subjects: basic income; poverty; income distribution; policy interaction
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  14. The tech war
    distributional consequences of international rivalry
    Author: Tyers, Rodney; Zhou, Yixiao
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  [The University of Western Australia, Economics], [Crawley, WA]

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    Edition: Revised March 2023
    Series: Discussion paper / The University of Western Australia, Economics ; 23, 07
    Subjects: Tech rivalry; Automation; income distribution; taxes; transfers; global modelling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Inequality and market concentration
    new evidence from Australia
    Author: Hotchin, Lachlan; Leigh, Andrew
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Canberra

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    Series: CAMA working paper series ; 2024, 12 (February 2024)
    Subjects: income distribution; competition; market power
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Differential exposure to climate change?
    evidence from the 2021 floods in Germany
    Author: Odersky, Moritz; Löffler, Max
    Published: October 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We analyze the exposure of different income groups to the 2021 floods in Germany, which serve as an exemplary case of natural disasters intensified by anthropogenic climate change. To this end, we link official geo-coded satellite data on... more

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    We analyze the exposure of different income groups to the 2021 floods in Germany, which serve as an exemplary case of natural disasters intensified by anthropogenic climate change. To this end, we link official geo-coded satellite data on flood-affected buildings to neighborhood-level information on socio-economic status. We then document the empirical relationship between flood damages and household income. We limit comparisons to the vicinity of affected rivers and absorb a rich set of regional fixed effects to assess the differential exposure at the local level. Average household income is around 1,500 euros or three percent lower in flood-affected neighborhoods than in non-affected neighborhoods nearby. Our study is the first to document this regressive exposure along the income distribution based on actual flood damage data in Europe

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16540
    Subjects: climate change; differential exposure; floods; income distribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Inequality and market concentration
    new evidence from Australia
    Author: Hotchin, Lachlan; Leigh, Andrew
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Are excessively concentrated markets inequitable as well as inefficient? We explore this issue by analyzing the degree of market concentration in the industries where Australia's wealthiest made their fortunes. Compared with the economy at large, we... more

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    Are excessively concentrated markets inequitable as well as inefficient? We explore this issue by analyzing the degree of market concentration in the industries where Australia's wealthiest made their fortunes. Compared with the economy at large, we find that top wealth holders have tended to make their fortunes in industries with a higher-than-average degree of market concentration. Top wealth shares have grown substantially, and from 1990 to 2020, there appears to have been an increase in the propensity of top wealth holders to make their fortunes in highly concentrated industries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/295809
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16786
    Subjects: income distribution; competition; market power
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Is poverty reduction in Europe doomed?
    conjectures, facts and a cautiously optimistic conclusion
    Author: Marx, Ive; Haapanala, Henri; Marchal, Sarah
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    There has not been much progress on the poverty front in Europe over recent decades, at least if we take it as a relative phenomenon in affluent societies. There is a lot of pessimism about the possibility of making any real progress at all. Some... more

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    There has not been much progress on the poverty front in Europe over recent decades, at least if we take it as a relative phenomenon in affluent societies. There is a lot of pessimism about the possibility of making any real progress at all. Some argue that adequate poverty relief is simply too expensive or that it would put too much of a redistributive burden on the electorally powerful, making it politically difficult, if not infeasible. Another prominent argument is that wage floors and thus out-of-work benefit levels are inexorably under pressure, making poverty relief both harder to achieve and more expensive in budgetary terms. This paper sets out these accounts and focuses on what has been happening to statutory, absolute and effective wage floors in Europe over the past decades. We ask whether progress on the poverty front through pushing up wage floors and subsequently out-of-work benefits is a realistic prospect. We see reasons for optimism.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299895
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16967
    Subjects: poverty; income distribution; Europe
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Production function, market power and rent sharing
    lessons from hybrid industrial-labour economics
    Author: Tong, Jian; Ornaghi, Carmine
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Economics Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion papers in economics and econometrics ; no. 24, 05
    Subjects: estimation of production function; multifactor productivity; market power; countervailing power; markdown; oligopsony; rent sharing; income distribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Greed?
    profits, inflation, and aggregate demand
    Author: Bilbiie, Florin; Känzig, Diego
    Published: 22 August 2023
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP18385
    Subjects: Inflation; Gewinn; Einkommensverteilung; Konjunktur; Gesamtwirtschaftliche Nachfrage; Neoklassische Synthese; Theorie; Aggregate demand; inflation; profits; income distribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Migration and inequalities around the Mediterranean Sea
    Author: Nilsson, Björn; Ramadan, Racha
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl, Luxembourg

    This paper aims to quantify the effects from migration on net income distributions, disentangling the roles played by factor reallocation and remittances, and focusing on two (primarily) destination countries (Spain and Italy) and two (primarily)... more

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    This paper aims to quantify the effects from migration on net income distributions, disentangling the roles played by factor reallocation and remittances, and focusing on two (primarily) destination countries (Spain and Italy) and two (primarily) origin countries (Jordan and Iraq). Using LIS-ERF data sets for the four countries; the paper relies separately on a variant of a shift-share instrument to identify the effect of migration on inequalities at the regional level in Spain and Italy, and on quantile regression to estimate the impact of receiving remittances on per capita expenditure in Iraq and Jordan. The results suggest that migration increases inequality in both origin and receiving countries.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/228339
    Series: LIS working paper series ; no. 788
    Subjects: Migration; income distribution; inequality; the Mediterrenean
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  22. Structural features of the Myanmar economy through the lens of a 2017 Social Accounting Matrix
    Author: Seventer, Dirk van; Tarp, Finn; Khin Ohnmar Myint Thein; Soe Thie Nu Htwe; Nyaung Tai
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Based on a recently constructed 2017 Social Accounting Matrix, we examine structural aspects of the Myanmar economy. The exposition ranges from industry, trade, household income, and expenditure to labour market issues. Agriculture remains dominant,... more

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    Based on a recently constructed 2017 Social Accounting Matrix, we examine structural aspects of the Myanmar economy. The exposition ranges from industry, trade, household income, and expenditure to labour market issues. Agriculture remains dominant, accounting for about 50 per cent of employment although its contribution to gross domestic product is about 17 per cent. Services, both public and private, represent 55 per cent of gross domestic product and 33 per cent of employment. Manufacturing plays a minor role, at 17 per cent of gross domestic product and less than ten per cent of employment. More than 60 per cent of household income is earned in rural areas. Simple multiplier calculations show low economic integration. Some surprising results can be explained by lack of data integration and consolidation, pointing to the need for further data gathering and Social Accounting Matrix construction.

     
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    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292568283
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229295
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 71
    Subjects: Balance of Payment; income distribution; Labour Force Survey; National Accounts; Social Accounting Matrix; Supply and Use Table
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. A 2017 Social Accounting Matrix for Myanmar
    Author: Seventer, Dirk van; Tarp, Finn; Nyo Nyo San; Soe Thie Nu Htwe; Thandar
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper documents the compilation of a 2017 Social Accounting Matrix for Myanmar. This is based on partial and unpublished National Accounts data and unpublished Supply and Use Table data, as well as Balance of Payment data and Government Finance... more

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    This paper documents the compilation of a 2017 Social Accounting Matrix for Myanmar. This is based on partial and unpublished National Accounts data and unpublished Supply and Use Table data, as well as Balance of Payment data and Government Finance Statistics data. It provides a detailed representation of the Myanmar economy and identifies 43 activities and 43 commodities. Labour is disaggregated by educational attainment level or by occupation group using a Labour Force Survey, while household income and expenditure detail is extracted from the Myanmar Living Conditions Survey. The Social Accounting Matrix features government, investment, and foreign accounts and is a key database for conducting economy-wide impact assessments to strengthen the evidence underpinning policy interventions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789292568238
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229290
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 66
    Subjects: Balance of Payment; income distribution; Labour Force Survey; National Accounts; Social Accounting Matrix; Supply Use Table
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  24. Explaining income inequality trends
    an integrated approach
    Author: Sauer, Petra; Rao, Narasimha D.; Pachauri, Shonali
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    In large parts of the world, income inequality has been rising in recent decades. Other regions have experienced declining trends in income inequality. This raises the question of which mechanisms underlie contrasting observed trends in income... more

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    In large parts of the world, income inequality has been rising in recent decades. Other regions have experienced declining trends in income inequality. This raises the question of which mechanisms underlie contrasting observed trends in income inequality around the globe. To address this research question in a comparative study, we examine a global sample of 73 countries between 1981 and 2010. Yet, we are particularly interested in the heterogeneity of inequality determinants across world regions, and along the income distribution. We find declining labour income shares and increasing imports from high-income countries to significantly contribute to increasing income inequality; taxation and imports from low-income countries exert countervailing effects. The impacts of technological change, financial globalization, domestic financial deepening, and public social spending turn out to be regionspecific. Most importantly, we do not find systematic evidence of education's equalizing effect across high- and low-income countries. Our results are largely robust to changing the underlying sources of income Ginis, but looking at different segments of income distribution reveals heterogeneous effects.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292568221
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    hdl: 10419/229289
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 65
    Subjects: comparative study; education; income distribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Factor shares and the rise in corporate net lending
    Author: Behringer, Jan
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf

    The corporate sector has turned from a net borrowing position to a net lending position in many advanced countries over the past decades. This phenomenon is rather unusual as the corporate sector had historically borrowed funds from other sectors in... more

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    The corporate sector has turned from a net borrowing position to a net lending position in many advanced countries over the past decades. This phenomenon is rather unusual as the corporate sector had historically borrowed funds from other sectors in the economy. In this paper, we analyze how changes in the distribution of income between wages and profits have affected corporate net lending in a sample of 40 countries for the period 1990-2016. A consistent finding is that an increase (decrease) in the corporate profit share leads to an increase (decrease) in corporate net lending, controlling for other corporate net lending determinants. We disentangle the effects of the profit share on corporate saving and investment and explore a number of alternative explanations of our results, including changes in the cost of capital, shifts in the composition of industrial sectors, the growing importance of intangible capital, and a temporary crisis phenomenon. We conclude that factor shares are an important driver of macroeconomic trends and that the rise in corporate profits has contributed considerably to the improvement in the corporate net lending positions across countries.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/238285
    Series: FMM working paper ; Nr. 53(January, 2020)
    Subjects: Corporate saving; investment; income distribution; cost of capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen