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Displaying results 1 to 6 of 6.

  1. Inequality and human development
    the role of different parts of the income distribution
    Author: Castells-Quintana, David; Gradín, Carlos; Royuela, Vicente
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    In this paper we reassess the relationship between inequality and human development, focusing on the differential effect associated with the concentration of national income at different parts of the income distribution. To do so, we rely on a large... more

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    In this paper we reassess the relationship between inequality and human development, focusing on the differential effect associated with the concentration of national income at different parts of the income distribution. To do so, we rely on a large global panel of countries over the last decades which includes information on economic and human development as well as detailed information on the distribution of income within countries. We take advantage of detailed distributive data consistent across countries and over time (World Income Inequality Database companion datasets). We show how the concentration of income at the bottom and top, rather than overall inequality, is negatively associated with human development. This result highlights the relevance of income shares that go to the middle part of the income distribution and seems especially important in what refers to human capital accumulation in middle- and low-income countries and health in high-income countries. Our main results remain significant under different specifications and estimation techniques and after controlling for several country-specific characteristics, including the quality of institutions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292672300
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273904
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 96
    Subjects: human development; inequality; concentration; institutions
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Parenting promotes social mobility within and across generations
    Author: García, Jorge Luis; Heckman, James J.
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within and across generations. Instead of conducting a standard meta-analysis, we present a harmonized primary data analysis of programs... more

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    This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within and across generations. Instead of conducting a standard meta-analysis, we present a harmonized primary data analysis of programs that shape current policy. Our analysis is a template for rigorous syntheses and comparisons across programs. We analyze new long-run life-cycle data collected for iconic programs when participants are middle-aged and their children are in their twenties. The iconic programs are omnibus in nature and offer many services to children and their parents. We compare them with relatively low-cost more focused home-visiting programs. Successful interventions target both children and their caregivers. They engage caregivers and improve the home lives of children. They permanently boost cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Participants in programs that enrich home environments grow up with better skills, jobs, earnings, marital stability, and health, as well as reduced participation in crime. Long-run monetized gains are substantially greater than program costs for iconic programs. We investigate the mechanisms promoting successful family lives for participants and find intergenerational effects on their children. A study of focused home-visiting programs that target parents enables us to isolate a crucial component of successful programs: they activate and promote parenting skills of child caregivers. The home-visiting programs we analyze produce outcomes comparable to those of the iconic omnibus programs. National implementation of the programs with long-run follow up that we analyze would substantially shrink the overall US Black-White earnings gap.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267409
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15672
    Subjects: Eltern; Kinder; Familienpolitik; Soziale Mobilität; Intergenerationale Übertragung; USA; skills; social mobility; inequality; human development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Implications of infrastructure on human development in North East India
    a review
    Author: T. Thangjahao Haokip; Marchang Reimeingam
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    W 1803 (535)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9789393879158
    Series: ISEC working paper ; 535
    Subjects: infrastructure; human development; health; education; income; region
    Scope: 11 Seiten
  4. Kerala "Model" of Development revisited
    a sixty-year assessment of successes and failures
    Author: Kannan, Kappadath Parameswara
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Centre for Development Studies ; 510
    Subjects: Kerala Model of Development; human development; public action; social economy; remittances; lop-sided growth; unemployment; labour under-utilization; state failure; time and cost overruns
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The impact of the energy-induced EU recession on Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Kohnert, Dirk
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  SSOAR, GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften e.V., Mannheim

    Abstract: The EU is one of the three largest economies in the world. But its economy, which is still suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative effects of the Russian war in Ukraine, faces a bleak outlook. Inflation, or even stagflation,... more

     

    Abstract: The EU is one of the three largest economies in the world. But its economy, which is still suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative effects of the Russian war in Ukraine, faces a bleak outlook. Inflation, or even stagflation, is a major concern as it reflects cost pressures from disrupted supply chains and tight labor markets. The war in Ukraine could also lead to a sustained stop in European gas supplies from Russia. Fitch Ratings therefore forecast the likelihood of a technical recession in the euro zone due to ongoing gas rationing. Apparently the EU is at the mercy of two unpredictable powers, Putin and the weather. China is also affected by global imbalances, and when China coughs, Europe catches the flu. However, the risks are greatest in sub-Saharan Africa. Its global growth spillovers come mainly from the EU and the BRICS countries. In addition to its strong demographic growth, the continent is already suffering from climate change, including prolonged droughts

     
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  6. Machine ethics and African identities: Perspectives of artificial intelligence in Africa
    Author: Kohnert, Dirk
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  SSOAR, GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften e.V., Mannheim ; Dirk Kohnert, GIGA-Institute for African Affairs, Hamburg

    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been embraced enthusiastically by Africans as a new resource for African development. AI could improve well-being by enabling innovation in business, education, health, ecology, urban planning, industry,... more

     

    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been embraced enthusiastically by Africans as a new resource for African development. AI could improve well-being by enabling innovation in business, education, health, ecology, urban planning, industry, etc. However, the high expectations could be little more than pious wishes. There are still too many open questions regarding the transfer required, and the selection of appropriate technology and its mastery. Given that the 'technology transfer' concept of modernization theories of the 1960s utterly failed because it had not been adapted to local needs, some scholars have called for an endogenous concept of African AI. However, this caused a lot of controversies. Africa became a battlefield of 'digital empires' of global powers due to its virtually non-existent digital infrastructure. Still, African solutions to African problems would be needed. Additionally, the dominant narratives and default settings of AI-related technologies have been denounce

     
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