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  1. Losses never sleep
    the effect of tax loss offset on stock market returns during economic crises
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre, Berlin

    We analyze to what extent more generous tax loss offset regulations are associated with a weaker decline and stronger recovery of firm stock prices during economic crises. We argue that an unrestricted loss carryforward and, particularly, an... more

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    We analyze to what extent more generous tax loss offset regulations are associated with a weaker decline and stronger recovery of firm stock prices during economic crises. We argue that an unrestricted loss carryforward and, particularly, an unrestricted loss carryback provides firms with additional liquidity, which should lower the risk of bankruptcy and can be used for investment purposes. Our empirical findings document that (1) an unrestricted loss carryforward and an unrestricted loss carryback result in a weaker decline and more timely recovery of stock prices during the considered crises, (2) this effect is stronger in high-tax countries, and (3) this effect is also dependent upon pre-crisis profitability.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/253647
    Series: Arqus discussion paper ; no. 269 (April 2022)
    Subjects: tax loss offset; economic crisis; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  2. Trade and innovation in the Middle East and North Africa
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  European Investment Bank, [Luxembourg]

    Participation in international trade goes hand-in-hand with innovation in the private sector in the Middle East and the North Africa, according to data collected from 6 000 companies. International trade is a key determinant of the competitiveness... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    VS 878
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    Participation in international trade goes hand-in-hand with innovation in the private sector in the Middle East and the North Africa, according to data collected from 6 000 companies. International trade is a key determinant of the competitiveness and innovation of firms in the Middle East and North Africa. In Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and the West Bank and Gaza, firms that trade in international markets tend to innovate more, and trade grows faster when the firms invest in innovation. Trade with developed economies and access to information and know-how through participation in international markets can help firms in the Middle East and North Africa catch up with other regions and close the innovation gap. Improving customs and trade regulations can increase access to international markets to a larger share of firms. The Enterprise Surveys, conducted by the EIB, EBRD and the World Bank, provide insight into what lies beneath the region's relatively slow growth, with a focus on the reasons for stagnating productivity and inadequate accumulation of human and physical capital in the private sector. This is the sixth of nine working papers supporting the full report: Unlocking sustainable growth in the Middle East and North Africa private sector.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789286153273
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    Edition: This version: February 9, 2022
    Series: Economics
    MENA enterprise survey report working papers ; volume 6
    Subjects: Trade; firm performance; business environment; COVID-19; innovation; international trade; private sector; competitiveness; access to information; know-how; market; Arab world
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Let's switch to the cloud
    cloud adaption and its effect on IT investment and productivity
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    The advent of cloud computing promises to improve the way firms utilize IT solutions. Firms are expected to replace large and inflexible fixed-cost investments in IT with more targeted variable spending in cloud solutions. In addition, cloud usage is... more

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    The advent of cloud computing promises to improve the way firms utilize IT solutions. Firms are expected to replace large and inflexible fixed-cost investments in IT with more targeted variable spending in cloud solutions. In addition, cloud usage is expected to increase the productivity of firms, as it allows them to quickly customize the IT they require to their specific needs. We assess these assertions using data on a representative sample of firms provided by the German statistical offices for the years 2014 and 2016, which allows to observe who are the cloud users. Our analysis explicitly accounts for the self-selection into cloud adoption within an endogenous treatment regression framework. Broadband availability at the municipality level is used as an exogenous shifter for cloud usage. We show that, while cloud adoption does not impact IT investment in any sectors, it does significantly improve labor productivity for firms in manufacturing and in information and communication services.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265519
    Series: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 2017
    Subjects: cloud computing; investment; productivity; IT; substitution; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Dynamics of first-time patenting firms
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper investigates firm dynamics in the period before, during, and after an event consisting of a first published patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from... more

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    This paper investigates firm dynamics in the period before, during, and after an event consisting of a first published patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from several business registers covering a period of almost 20 years. We apply an event study design and use matching to control for confounding factors. The first patent application by a young firm is associated with significant growth in employment, output, assets and public research funding. Moreover, our results indicate that economic activity starts to increase at least three years ahead of the first patent application. However, we find no evidence of additional firm growth after patent approval for successful applicants. Our findings indicate that the existence of a properly functioning patenting system supports innovation activities, especially early in the life cycle of firms.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265962
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9927 (2022)
    Subjects: patenting; firm performance; panel data; event study design
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Dynamics of first-time patenting firms
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper investigates firm dynamics in the period before, during, and after an event consisting of a first published patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from... more

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    This paper investigates firm dynamics in the period before, during, and after an event consisting of a first published patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from several business registers covering a period of almost 20 years. We apply an event study design and use matching to control for confounding factors. The first patent application by a young firm is associated with significant growth in employment, output, assets and public research funding. Moreover, our results indicate that economic activity starts to increase at least three years ahead of the first patent application. However, we find no evidence of additional firm growth after patent approval for successful applicants. Our findings indicate that the existence of a properly functioning patenting system supports innovation activities, especially early in the life cycle of firms.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265750
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15529
    Subjects: patenting; firm performance; panel data; event study design
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Let's switch to the cloud
    cloud adoption and its effect on IT investment and productivity
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The advent of cloud computing promises to improve the way firms utilize IT solutions. Firms are expected to replace large and inflexible fixed-cost investments in IT with more targeted variable spending in cloud solutions. In addition, cloud usage is... more

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    DS 63
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    The advent of cloud computing promises to improve the way firms utilize IT solutions. Firms are expected to replace large and inflexible fixed-cost investments in IT with more targeted variable spending in cloud solutions. In addition, cloud usage is expected to increase the productivity of firms, as it allows them to quickly customize the IT they require to their specific needs. We assess these assertions using data on a representative sample of firms provided by the German statistical offices for the years 2014 and 2016, which allows to observe who are the cloud users. Our analysis explicitly accounts for the self-selection into cloud adoption within an endogenous treatment regression framework. Broadband availability at the municipality level is used as an exogenous shifter for cloud usage. We show that, while cloud adoption does not impact IT investment in any sectors, it does significantly improve labor productivity for firms in manufacturing and in information and communication services.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265979
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9944 (2022)
    Subjects: cloud computing; investment; productivity; IT; substitution; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Energy prices, generators, and the (environmental) performance of manufacturing firms
    evidence from Indonesia
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Verein für Socialpolitik, [Köln]

    Passing federal environmental policy reform is a challenge as the approval of interest groups such as consumers and state-level governments is often a prerequisite. Among others, the burden sharing's progressivity has a large impact on reform... more

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    Passing federal environmental policy reform is a challenge as the approval of interest groups such as consumers and state-level governments is often a prerequisite. Among others, the burden sharing's progressivity has a large impact on reform approval. We investigate how carbon tax payments by states to a federal authority are influenced by differences in technological emission intensity and wealth and show how they can turn out to be at the expense of poor states. We show that a uniform federal carbon tax that is endorsed by all states with equal per capita transfers can theoretically put a higher burden on poorer states than richer states. The opposite applies for transfers based on historical emissions (sovereignty transfers) which reduce the burden of emissionintensive states. We test our results numerically in a general equilibrium model with a vertical federalism governance structure calibrated to the European Union. Our simulations show that a federal minimum emissions tax with sovereignty transfers is twice as high as for equal per capita transfers and also has a progressive effect.Generator use is widespread among firms in developing and emerging economies, including Indonesia, shielding them from unreliable and insufficient electricity supply. This, however, makes these firms more vulnerable to fuel price increases, as well as more emission intensive. We exploit variation in policy-induced fossil fuel and electricity tariff adjustments using a rich panel data set of large manufacturing firms to estimate the impact of energy price increases on generator-reliant firms versus those not relying on generators. We find that generator-reliant firms reduce output and value added by around 0.6-0.8 percent in response to a ten percent fossil fuel price increase, and adjust inputs flexibly: Material input and labor demand fall by 0.7 and 0.5 percent, respectively. Because firms dis-adopt generator use in response to higher fuel prices, emission and energy intensity of production declines by around 0.7-0.8 percent on average. Electricity price increases, in contrast, are absorbed and do not lead to differential input adjustments in the short term. As firms that use generators also have a higher cost share of grid electricity, value added and labor productivity decline to a greater extent compared to other firms. In addition, rising electricity prices further incentivize inefficient generator use.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/242382
    Series: Jahrestagung 2021 / Verein für Socialpolitik ; 71
    Subjects: energy prices; manufacturing sector; firm performance; emission intensity; generators
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Board-level worker representation
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This chapter reviews the literature on board-level worker representation (BLWR). BLWR refers to workers' legally sanctioned rights to take part in the decisions of their employers' board of directors as full or consultative members, regardless of... more

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    This chapter reviews the literature on board-level worker representation (BLWR). BLWR refers to workers' legally sanctioned rights to take part in the decisions of their employers' board of directors as full or consultative members, regardless of their underlying equity investments. It provides information about the incidence of BLWR across countries, and the factors that likely contributed to the establishment of this mechanism of employee voice. It reviews theory on the positive and negative impacts of BLWR for workers and firms, summarizes the related empirical evidence, and concludes by pointing to the open gaps as avenues for future research.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261793
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1136
    Subjects: board-level worker representation; theoretical and empirical review; cross-country evidence; firm performance; boardroom
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  9. European funds and firm performance
    evidence from a natural experiment
    Published: 06 June 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    LZ 161
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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP17362
    Subjects: quasi-natural experiment; European funds; firm performance; municipalities
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Girl power: creating more with less
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

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    ZSS 7
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11159/8622
    Series: EIZ working papers ; EIZ-WP-22, 03
    Subjects: women entrepreneurship; firm performance; effectuation effect; recession
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Lack of successors, firm default, and the performance of small businesses
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: RIETI discussion paper series ; 19-E, 047
    Subjects: successor; small business; elderly manager; firm default; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The real effects of 'ndrangheta
    firm-level evidence
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1235 (October 2019)
    Subjects: organized crime; firm performance; competition
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Concordance and complementarity in IP instruments
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville, Spain

    This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and firm performance in terms of revenues, growth and profitability. By resorting to the virtual universe of Italian manufacturing firms... more

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    This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and firm performance in terms of revenues, growth and profitability. By resorting to the virtual universe of Italian manufacturing firms this work provides a rather complete picture of the Intellectual Property (IP) strategies pursued by Italian firms, in terms of patents and trademarks, and we study whether the two instruments for protecting IP exhibit complementarity or substitutability. In addition, and to our knowledge novel, we propose a measure of concordance (or proximity) between the patents and trademarks owned by the same firm and we then investigate whether such concordance exert any effect on performance.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/244281
    Series: JRC working papers on corporate r&d and innovation ; no. 2019, 04
    Subjects: Trademarks; Patents; Innovation; Intellectual Property; Complementarity; Concordance; Technological proximity; firm performance; firm growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Service imports, workforce composition, and firm performance
    evidence from Finnish microdata
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper uses unique Finnish firm-level micro data on service imports, work-force composition, and firm characteristics to examine changes in employment composition and performance of Finnish service importers during a period of a significant... more

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    This paper uses unique Finnish firm-level micro data on service imports, work-force composition, and firm characteristics to examine changes in employment composition and performance of Finnish service importers during a period of a significant increase in services imports (2002-2012). We use world service export supply shocks, which we allocate to firms based on their highly specialized service input structure, as an instrument to identify the impact of service offshoring. We find that firms that increase imports of service inputs reduce employment of low-skill service workers, increase employment of (high-skilled) managers and improve their performance in terms of sales (turnover), assets, service exports, and firm survival. The employment composition and performance responses to service imports differ across firms in the manufacturing sector and those in the service sector.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207249
    Series: Array ; no. 7858 (September 2019)
    Subjects: Dienstleistungssektor; Dienstleistungshandel; Auslandsverlagerung; Unternehmenserfolg; Arbeitskräfte; Finnland; service offshoring; employment; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The consequences of short-time compensation
    evidence from Japan
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    There is a growing body of evidence on the efficacy of Short-Time Compensation (STC), a subsidy to promote worksharing in a recession, in achieving its intended goal of curtailing layoffs and preventing a sharp rise in unemployment. However, very... more

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    There is a growing body of evidence on the efficacy of Short-Time Compensation (STC), a subsidy to promote worksharing in a recession, in achieving its intended goal of curtailing layoffs and preventing a sharp rise in unemployment. However, very little is known about the consequences of STC for firm performance. We apply the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with difference-in-differences methodology to unique data from Japan, a country known for its extensive use, and find that STC results in improved profitability. The improved profitability is further found to be achieved through sales growth without raising labor costs. We explore possible mechanisms behind the observed positive consequences of STC for sales and profits. Additional evidence tends to favor what the psychology literature calls "shared adversity"- worksharing promoted by STC facilitates supportive interactions among workers in the firm and strengthens commitment of workers to the firm, and thereby enhances goal alignment between workers and the firm as well as between coworkers. Such workers are more open to the firm's effort to increase sales/revenues without raising cost.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207421
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12596
    Subjects: short-time work; short-time compensation; worksharing; employment adjustment; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  16. The joint effects of energy prices and carbon taxes on environmental and economic performance
    evidence from the French manufacturing sector
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  OECD, Paris, France

    The paper estimates the effect of energy prices and carbon taxation on firms’ environmental and economic performance. The analysis uses data on 8 000 firms that are representative of the French manufacturing sector and observed during 2001-2016. This... more

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    The paper estimates the effect of energy prices and carbon taxation on firms’ environmental and economic performance. The analysis uses data on 8 000 firms that are representative of the French manufacturing sector and observed during 2001-2016. This paper also measures the causal impact of the carbon tax over the period 2014-2018 and simulates the effect of further increasing the carbon tax rate from €45 to €86 per tonne of CO2.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD environment working papers ; no. 154
    Subjects: Energy; Environment; France; carbon taxation; energy prices; carbon emissions reductions; firm performance; competitiveness
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Working capital management during financial crisis
    evidence from Japan (revised)
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: RIETI discussion paper series ; 17-E, 045
    Subjects: Working capital; financial crisis; firm performance; inventories; trade receivables
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Import behavior and export performance
    firm-level evidence from the Netherlands
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  Statistics Netherlands, The Hague

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Statistics Netherlands
    Subjects: Imports; exports; firm performance; firm heterogeneity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Putting the watering can away
    towards a targeted (problem-oriented) cluster policy framework
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE), Lund, Sweden

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Papers in innovation studies ; no. 2020, 04
    Subjects: innovation policy; cluster policy; cluster effect; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. "To be or not to be" located in a cluster?
    a descriptive meta-analysis of the firm-specific cluster effect
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg

    In the 21st century clusters can be observed in most developed economies. However, the scientific results regarding the effect of clusters on firm performance are highly contradictive. This inconsistency in the empirical results makes it difficult to... more

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    In the 21st century clusters can be observed in most developed economies. However, the scientific results regarding the effect of clusters on firm performance are highly contradictive. This inconsistency in the empirical results makes it difficult to infer general conclusions about the firm-specific cluster effect, referring to the effect from being located in a cluster on firm performance, e.g. derived through the externalities within clusters. Therefore, this paper aims to reconcile the contradictory empirical findings. It investigates whether the still prevalent assumption that clusters are a beneficial location for firms is unconditionally true or whether doubts about the alleged positive effect of clusters on firm performance are justified. By conducting a descriptive meta-analysis of the empirical literature, based on four different performance variables from four separate publication databases, the study investigates the actual effect direction as well as possible moderating influences. We find evidence for a rather positive firm-specific cluster effect. However, we identify several variables from the micro-, meso- and macro-level that directly or interactively moderate the relationship between clusters and firm success. The corresponding results demonstrate, for example, that a negative firm-specific cluster effect occurs more frequently in low-tech industries than in high-tech industries. 'To be or not to be' located in a cluster is therefore not the question, but it rather depends on the specific conditions.

     

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/244351
    Series: Working papers on innovation and space ; # 20, 01
    Subjects: meta-analysis; cluster effect; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Product innovation and educational diversity in top and middle management teams
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE), Lund, Sweden

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Papers in innovation studies ; no. 2019, 03
    Subjects: Product innovation; diversity; middle management; top management; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The impact assessment of the EU pre-accession funds on agriculture and food companies
    the Croatian case = Procjena učinka pretpristupnih fondova EU-a na poljoprivredna i prehrambena poduzeća : slučaj Hrvatske
    Published: February 2020
    Publisher:  The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11159/4049
    Series: EIZ working papers ; EIZ-WP-20, 02
    Subjects: self-employment grant; evaluation; unemployment; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Employment dynamics, firm performance and innovation persistence in the context of differentiated innovation types
    evidence from Luxembourg
    Author: Zhen, Ni
    Published: [2018]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10993/35748
    Subjects: Innovation; employment; GMM; firm performance; simultaneous model with mixed structure; full Information Maximum Likelihood; evolutionary economics; state dependence; dynamic nonlinear random effects model withunbalanced panel; radical product innovation; sunk costs of R&D
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 193 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Dissertation, Maastricht University, 2018

  24. Debt maturity and firm performance
    evidence from a quasi-natural experiment
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1250 (November 2019)
    Subjects: policy evaluation; debt maturity; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. "Fine...I'll do it myself"
    lessons from self-employment grants in a long recession period = Stavovi javnosti o sivom tržžištu duhanskih proizvoda u zemljama zapadnog Balkana
    Published: January 2020
    Publisher:  The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11159/3800
    Series: EIZ working papers ; EIZ-WP-20, 01
    Subjects: self-employment grant; evaluation; unemployment; firm performance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen