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  1. Birth timing and spacing
    implications for parental leave dynamics and child penalties
    Author: Adams, Abi; Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard; Petrongolo, Barbara
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Oxford

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Department of Economics discussion paper series / University of Oxford ; number 1048 (July 2024)
    Subjects: fertility; child penalty; skill
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The effect of abortion policies on fertility and human capital in sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Dimico, Arcangelo
    Published: 30 Augustus 2024
    Publisher:  Queen's University, Belfast, Queen's Business School, [Belfast]

    I evaluate the impact of abortion policies in sub-Saharan Africa to understand possible consequences from a reduced international support for women's rights following the overturn of Roe v. Wade. I find that decriminalizing abortion reduces fertility... more

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    I evaluate the impact of abortion policies in sub-Saharan Africa to understand possible consequences from a reduced international support for women's rights following the overturn of Roe v. Wade. I find that decriminalizing abortion reduces fertility through two complementary channels. For households at the top of the wealth distribution, the effect manifests as a reduction in excess fertility, which is more pronounced among lower-educated women due to their lower likelihood of using contraception. For households at the bottom of the wealth distribution, the impact runs through a decline in the number of children with a low survival probability. This latter effect is more pronounced among highly educated women, who are more likely to control their own health-related decisions and view abortion as a viable option. I also find that while women's education levels rise after decriminalization, this does not lead to better labor market opportunities. However, children born afterward tend to achieve higher levels of education.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/302048
    Series: QBS research paper ; 2024, 06
    Subjects: Abortion; fertility; child mortality; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The impact of delaying early school tracking on fertility and marriage outcomes
    Author: Canaan, Serena
    Published: 8-19-2024
    Publisher:  W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI

    This paper studies how the type of education pursued at an early age affects family formation. I focus on a French reform that delayed the age of which students were tracked into either general or vocational education from age 11 to age 13. For the... more

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    This paper studies how the type of education pursued at an early age affects family formation. I focus on a French reform that delayed the age of which students were tracked into either general or vocational education from age 11 to age 13. For the most part, tracking was replaced with grouping students into classrooms based on ability, but within a common general education curriculum. Using a regression discontinuity design, I show that the reform increased the likelihood of attaining a technical rather than a vocational degree, especially for individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds. This indicates that the reform led to an increase in the quality of education. I further find that the reform increased completed fertility for individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds, particularly women. In the marriage market, the reform changed the characteristics of women's partners without impacting marriage, cohabitation, or divorce rates. Specifically, women were more likely to have partners who were in high-skilled occupations and who were closer to their own ages. Taken together, these findings highlight that delaying early school tracking has significant consequences for family formation.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/302214
    Series: Upjohn Institute working paper ; 24, 403
    Subjects: tracking; returns to education; fertility; marriage
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The effect of COVID-19 on fertility in India
    evidence from the national family health survey
    Author: Atee, Gby; Dasgupta, Aparajita; Lamba, Sneha
    Published: July 2024
    Publisher:  Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Ashoka University economics discussion paper ; 115
    Subjects: fertility; shock; healthcare; COVID-19; india
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  5. Birth timing and spacing
    implications for parental leave dynamics and child penalties
    Author: Adams-Prassl, Abigail; Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard; Petrongolo, Barbara
    Published: 02 August 2024
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP19324
    Subjects: fertility; child penalty; skill
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    (v. 2)
  6. Fertility divergence across large and small areas
    Author: Li, Xiaoyin; Winters, John V.
    Published: February 7, 2024
    Publisher:  Iowa State University, Department of Economics, Ames, Iowa

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Iowa State University, Department of Economics ; number 24001
    Subjects: fertility; children; birth rates; demographic change; female employment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Why do Indian children work, and is it bad for them?
    Author: Cigno, Alessandro; Rosati, Furio Camillo
    Published: February 2000
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    The causes and consequences of child labour are examined theoretically and empirically within a household decision framework, with endogenous fertility and mortality. The data come from a nationally representative survey of Indian rural households.... more

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    The causes and consequences of child labour are examined theoretically and empirically within a household decision framework, with endogenous fertility and mortality. The data come from a nationally representative survey of Indian rural households. The complex interactions uncovered by the analysis suggest that mere prohibition of child labour, or the imposition of school attendance, could make things worse, and would be difficult to enforce. Beneficially reducing child labour requires changing the economic environment to which the work of the children constitutes, in the great majority of the cases, the rational response. Suitable policies include reductions in the cost of attending school, and public health improvements. The effects of these policies go far beyond direct impacts. Health policies have favourable indirect repercussions on the school attendance, demand for educational material, and labour participation of children. Educational policies have favourable indirect repercussions on the nutritional status of children. Both types of policies discourage fertility. Income re-distribution may be helpful, but land re-distribution could be counterproductive.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/20956
    RVK Categories: QV 000
    Series: Discussion paper series / Institute for the Study of Labor ; IZA DP no. 115
    Subjects: Kinderarbeit; Haushaltsökonomik; Familienökonomik; Bildungsverhalten; Bildungspolitik; Gesundheitspolitik; Schätzung; Theorie; Indien; Child labour education; fertility; anthropometry; household economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Marriage and divorce
    changes and their driving forces
    Published: Febr. 2007
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working papers series / Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ; 2007,03
    Subjects: Ehe; Fertilität; Familienökonomik; USA
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 28, [10] S., Text, graph. Darst.
  9. The determinants of the prevalence of single mothers
    a cross-country analysis
    Published: July 2005
    Publisher:  LIS, [Luxembourg]

    This paper examines the effect of public assistance, labor market and marriage market conditions on the prevalence of single mother families across countries and over time. A multinomial logit derived from a random utility approach is estimated using... more

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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    This paper examines the effect of public assistance, labor market and marriage market conditions on the prevalence of single mother families across countries and over time. A multinomial logit derived from a random utility approach is estimated using individual level data for 14 countries. I find evidence that increases in the level of public support are significantly and positively associated with a higher incidence of both never married and divorced mothers. The results also suggest that single mothers are more prevalent when female wages are lower. Higher male earnings and employment opportunities in a woman's marriage market appear to lead to fewer never married mothers, but more divorced mothers. Higher child support or alimony payments are associated with a higher prevalence of divorced mothers.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/95430
    Series: Working paper / Luxembourg Income Study ; 413
    Subjects: Alleinerziehende; Familienökonomik; Arbeitsmarkt; Familienleistungsausgleich; Welt; Single mothers; marriage; fertility; welfare benefits; marriage markets
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 35 p., text, graph. Darst.
  10. Monthly estimates of the quantum of fertility
    towards a fertility monitoring system in Austria
    Published: 2005
    Publisher:  Vienna Inst. of Demography, Vienna

    Short-term variations in fertility and seasonal patterns of childbearing have been of interest to demographers for a long time. Presenting our detailed study of period fertility in Austria since 1984, we discuss the problems and advantages of... more

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    Short-term variations in fertility and seasonal patterns of childbearing have been of interest to demographers for a long time. Presenting our detailed study of period fertility in Austria since 1984, we discuss the problems and advantages of constructing and analysing various period fertility indicators that reflect real exposure and potentially minimise the distortions caused by changes in fertility timing. We correct monthly birth data for calendar and seasonal factors and show that seasonality of births in Austria varies by birth order. Our study reveals that the methods explicitly aimed at adjusting fertility rates for tempo distortions are not suitable for computing monthly fertility rates. However, most of the timing distortions can be eliminated when using an indicator derived from the period parity progression ratios based on birth interval distributions, termed the Period Average Parity (PAP). We illustrate the insights gained from PAP and compare it with the commonly used total fertility rates in an analysis of the recent upswing in period fertility, starting in the late 2001. This investigation will serve for establishing a monitoring of monthly fertility rates in Austria.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/96979
    Series: Working Papers / Vienna Institute of Demography ; 01/2005
    Subjects: Fertilität; Sozialer Indikator; Schätzung; Österreich; Fertilität; Austria; fertility; fertility measurement; birth seasonality
    Scope: Online-Ressource (50 S.), graph. Darst.
  11. Union instability as an engine of fertility?
    a micro-simulation model for France
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Vienna Inst. of Demography, Vienna

    Micro-level relationships between union formation or dissolution and childbearing have implications for fertility that have not been thoroughly examined. In this paper, we suggest that these relationships comprise an 'engine' that produces variation... more

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    Micro-level relationships between union formation or dissolution and childbearing have implications for fertility that have not been thoroughly examined. In this paper, we suggest that these relationships comprise an 'engine' that produces variation and change around replacement level fertility. On the one hand, union dissolution reduces opportunities for conceiving and bearing children. At the same time, it produces a pool of persons who may enter new partnerships and produce 'extra' children. The balance between these two opposing forces and their implications for fertility levels is unknown and will depend in part on the timing of union formation and parenthood. In this paper, we estimate the parameters of these micro-level relationships for female respondents to the 1999 French 'Etude de l’Histoire Familiale'. We use those parameters to simulate the implications of non-union childbearing, union dissolution and re-partnering for completed family size. We also investigate the extent to which links between union formation or dissolution and childbearing depend on the timing of unions and births.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/96984
    Series: Working papers / Vienna Institute of Demography ; 2/2009
    Subjects: Nichteheliche Kinder; Sozialer Wandel; Fertilität; Frankreich; Union instability; fertility; France
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 26 S.), graph. Darst.
  12. Changing parental leave and shifts in second and third-birth rates in Austria
    Author: Št'astná, Anna; Sobotka, Tomáš
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Vienna Inst. of Demography, Vienna

    We analyse the effects of changes in parental leave regulations in Austria in 1990, 1996 and 2002 on second and third-birth rates. These changes determined both the length of parental leave and the possibility for its prolongation in case of... more

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    We analyse the effects of changes in parental leave regulations in Austria in 1990, 1996 and 2002 on second and third-birth rates. These changes determined both the length of parental leave and the possibility for its prolongation in case of subsequent pregnancy. We construct monthly duration and order-specific fertility rates and parity progression ratios to study both short-term shifts in period second and third-birth rates and the trends in cohort parity progression ratios among women affected by changing leave regulations. The extension of parental leave from one to two years in 1990, which created an incentive for women to have their subsequent child within 26 months, led to an immediate and marked increase in second and third-birth rates at intervals 21-26 months after the previous birth. De facto shortening of paid leave in 1996 generated a sharp increase in second and thirdbirth rates at shorter intervals of 15-20 months. Although we find clear evidence of immediate changes in birth spacing that are in line with the 'logic' of the new leave regulations, this discontinuity in childbearing patterns did not have any discernable impact on the overall second and third-birth cohort progression rates or on period fertility trends. As in most cases analysed for other developed countries, the main effect of the policy change was on the tempo of fertility, namely on the spacing of second and third births.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/97001
    Series: Working papers / Vienna Institute of Demography ; 7/2009
    Subjects: Elternzeit; Fertilität; Familienplanung; Privater Haushalt; Österreich; Austria; parental leave; family policies; fertility; second births; third births
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 27 S.), graph. Darst.
  13. The effects of paternity leave on fertility and labor market outcomes
    Author: Farré, Lidia; González, Libertad
    Published: June 2017
    Publisher:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 978
    Subjects: Paternity leave; fertility; labor market; gender; natural experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Three essays on socio-economic transitions
    the case of east and west Germany
    Author: Deutschmann, Franziska K.
    Published: 2018

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Bibliothek im Kurt-Schwitters-Forum
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Universität Konstanz, Kommunikations-, Informations-, Medienzentrum (KIM)
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    Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 123456789/41615
    Subjects: Germany; reunification; East Germany; fertility; postponing childbearing; job displacement; training; income inequality; household size; singlehood; marital sorting; assortative mating; education
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 141 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält mehrere Beiträge

    Dissertation, Universität Konstanz, 2018
  15. Discrimination in hiring based on potential and realized fertility
    evidence from a large-scale field experiment
    Author: Becker, Sascha O.; Fernandes, Ana; Weichselbaumer, Doris
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: ROA research memorandum / Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt ; ROA-RM-2019, 2 (April 2019)
    Subjects: fertility; discimination; experimental economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Accounting for the international quantity-quality trade-off
    Author: Córdoba Muñoz, Juan C.; Liu, Xiying; Ripoll, Marla
    Published: January 31, 2019
    Publisher:  Iowa State University, Department of Economics, Ames, Iowa

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Iowa State University, Department of Economics ; number 19004
    Subjects: public education; fertility; mortality; schooling; parental altruism; TFP
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (ca 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The effects of conflict on fertility
    evidence from the genocide in Rwanda
    Author: Krähnert, Kati; Brück, Tilman; Di Maio, Michele; Nisticò, Roberto
    Published: May 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper analyzes the fertility effects of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. We study the effects of violence on both the hazard of having a child in the early post-genocide period and on the total number of post-genocide births up to 15 years following... more

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    This paper analyzes the fertility effects of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. We study the effects of violence on both the hazard of having a child in the early post-genocide period and on the total number of post-genocide births up to 15 years following the conflict. We use individual-level data from Demographic and Health Surveys to estimate survival and count data models. The paper contributes to the literature on the demographic effects of violent conflict by testing two channels through which conflict influences fertility. First, the type of violence exposure as measured by the death of a woman's child or sibling. Second, the conflict-induced change in local demographic conditions as captured by the change in the district-level sex ratio. Results indicate that the genocide had heterogeneous effects on fertility, depending on the type of violence experienced by the woman, her age cohort, parity, and the time horizon (5, 10 and 15 years after the genocide). There is strong evidence of a replacement effect. Having experienced the death of a child during the genocide increases both the hazard of having a child in the five years following the genocide and the total number of post-genocide births. Experiencing sibling death during the genocide significantly lowers post-genocide fertility in both the short run and the long run. Finally, a reduction in the local sex ratio negatively impacts the hazard of having a child in the five years following the genocide, particularly for older women.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/196825
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12328
    Subjects: child death; fertility; genocide; Rwanda; sex ratio; sibling death
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Discrimination in hiring based on potential and realized fertility
    evidence from a large-scale field experiment
    Author: Becker, Sascha O.; Fernandes, Ana; Weichselbaumer, Doris
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Due to conventional gender norms, women are more likely to be in charge of childcare than men. From an employer's perspective, in their fertile age they are also at "risk" of pregnancy. Both factors potentially affect hiring practices of firms. We... more

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    Due to conventional gender norms, women are more likely to be in charge of childcare than men. From an employer's perspective, in their fertile age they are also at "risk" of pregnancy. Both factors potentially affect hiring practices of firms. We conduct a large-scale correspondence test in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, sending out approx. 9,000 job applications, varying job candidate's personal characteristics such as marital status and age of children. We find evidence that, for part-time jobs, married women with older kids, who likely finished their childbearing cycle and have more projectable childcare chores than women with very young kids, are at a significant advantage vis-avis other groups of women. At the same time, married, but childless applicants, who have a higher likelihood to become pregnant, are at a disadvantage compared to single, but childless applicants to part-time jobs. Such effects are not present for full-time jobs, presumably, because by applying to these in contrast to part-time jobs, women signal that they have arranged for external childcare.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/196806
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12308
    Subjects: experimental economics; discrimination; fertility
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Discrimination in hiring based on potential and realized fertility
    evidence from a large-scale field experiment
    Author: Becker, Sascha O.; Fernandes, Ana; Weichselbaumer, Doris
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Due to conventional gender norms, women are more likely to be in charge of childcare than men. From an employer's perspective, in their fertile age they are also at "risk" of pregnancy. Both factors potentially affect hiring practices of firms. We... more

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    Due to conventional gender norms, women are more likely to be in charge of childcare than men. From an employer's perspective, in their fertile age they are also at "risk" of pregnancy. Both factors potentially affect hiring practices of firms. We conduct a largescale correspondence test in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, sending out approx. 9,000 job applications, varying job candidate's personal characteristics such as marital status and age of children. We find evidence that, for part-time jobs, married women with older kids, who likely finished their childbearing cycle and have more projectable childcare chores than women with very young kids, are at a significant advantage vis-à-vis other groups of women. At the same time, married, but childless applicants, who have a higher likelihood to become pregnant, are at a disadvantage compared to single, but childless applicants to part-time jobs. Such effects are not present for full-time jobs, presumably, because by applying to these in contrast to part-time jobs, women signal that they have arranged for external childcare.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/198984
    Series: Array ; no. 7624 (April 2019)
    Subjects: fertility; experimental economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Socialized healthcare and women's fertility decisions
    Author: Cesur, Resul; Güneş, Pinar Mine; Tekin, Erdal; Ulker, Aydogan
    Published: February 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the effect of a nationwide healthcare reform implemented in Turkey on women's fertility decisions. The Family Medicine Program (FMP), introduced in 2005, provided a wide-range of primary healthcare services, free of charge, and... more

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    This paper examines the effect of a nationwide healthcare reform implemented in Turkey on women's fertility decisions. The Family Medicine Program (FMP), introduced in 2005, provided a wide-range of primary healthcare services, free of charge, and achieved universal access by matching each citizen to a specific family physician, who operates at neighborhood clinics, called Family Health Centers, on a walk-in basis. Although reducing fertility was not specified among the goals of the reform, reproductive-health and family-planning services have been covered under the FMP. To establish causality, we exploit the staggered rollout of the FMP implementation across Turkish provinces over time using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Our estimates indicate that the FMP significantly reduced childbearing among both teenagers and women ages 20-29. These results can be explained by increased access to and reduced cost of reproductive-health and family-planning services. However, the patterns in which the program effect has evolved over time differs between the two groups of women in a way that provides additional insights about the mechanisms. For teenagers, the FMP had a direct effect on childbearing, reflected by an immediate and rapidly-increasing pattern, which is not surprising given the broad agreement about the negative consequences of teenage childbearing among government and public health officials, including those in Turkey. For women ages 20-29, however, the program had a gradual and slowly-increasing effect, which is consistent with an empowerment channel. This should be interpreted as an unintended consequence of the program because, if anything, Turkey is a country where the government's position is to encourage fertility behavior and discourage birth control practices among women at prime childbearing ages.

     
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    hdl: 10419/196684
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12186
    Subjects: Gesundheitspolitik; Gesundheitsversorgung; Fertilität; Familienplanung; Türkei; fertility; childbearing; healthcare; Turkey; health; insurance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Evaluating welfare and economic effects of raised fertility
    Author: Makarski, Krzysztof; Tyrowicz, Joanna; Malec, Magda
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier

    Many countries consider rising fertility through pro-family policies as a solution to the fiscal pressure stemming from longevity. However, an increased number of births implies immediate private costs and only delayed public benefits of younger and... more

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    Many countries consider rising fertility through pro-family policies as a solution to the fiscal pressure stemming from longevity. However, an increased number of births implies immediate private costs and only delayed public benefits of younger and larger population. We propose using an overlapping generations model with a rich family structure to quantify the effects of simulated increases to the birth rates. We analyze the overall macroeconomic and welfare effects of these simulated paths relative to status quo. We also study the distribution of these effects across cohorts and study the sensitivity of the final effects to the assumed target value and path of increased fertility. Since our study tries to quantify the possible effects of pro-natalistic policies, we focus of public costs and benefits of having children. We find that fiscal effects are positive, but short of the natalistic expenditures in many countries. The sign and the size of both welfare and fiscal effects depend on the patterns of increased fertility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/195127
    Series: IAAEU discussion paper series in economics / IAAEU ; no. 2019, 02
    Subjects: fertility; welfare; natalistic policies; overlapping generations model
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The effect of prenatal maternity leave on short and long-term child outcomes
    Author: Ahammer, Alexander; Halla, Martin; Schneeweis, Nicole
    Published: October 2018
    Publisher:  Johannes Kepler University, Department of Economics, Austria, Linz, Austria

    Maternity leave policies are designed to safeguard the health of pregnant workers and their unborn children. However, little is known about the impact of existing policies, which are not evidence-based. We evaluate a maternity leave extension in... more

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    Maternity leave policies are designed to safeguard the health of pregnant workers and their unborn children. However, little is known about the impact of existing policies, which are not evidence-based. We evaluate a maternity leave extension in Austria, which increased mandatory leave from 6 to 8 weeks prior to birth. We exploit that the eligibility for the extended leave was determined by a cutoff due date. Our estimates capture a reduction of in utero exposure to maternal stress caused by work in the third trimester of pregnancy. We find no evidence for significant effects of this extension on children's health at birth or long-term health and labor market outcomes. Subsequent maternal health and fertility are also unaffected. We conclude that, for workers without problems in pregnancy, mandatory maternity leave should not start prior to the 35th week of gestation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/206771
    Series: Working paper / Christian Doppler Laboratory Aging, Health, and the Labor Market ; [1806]
    Subjects: Maternity leave; fetal origins hypothesis; infant health; birth outcomes; birth weight; long-term child outcomes; fertility
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The fertility effect of laws granting undocumented migrants access to driving licenses in the United States
    Author: Gunadi, Christian
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    As of 2021, 16 U.S. States and the District of Columbia have implemented laws allowing undocumented migrants to acquire a driver's license. In this paper, I hypothesize that lower barriers to work caused by the ability to obtain driving licenses can... more

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    As of 2021, 16 U.S. States and the District of Columbia have implemented laws allowing undocumented migrants to acquire a driver's license. In this paper, I hypothesize that lower barriers to work caused by the ability to obtain driving licenses can affect undocumented migrants' fertility decisions. Using a differencein- differences strategy based on temporal and geographical variation in the implementation of laws granting undocumented migrants access to driving licenses across U.S. states, I find that these laws were associated with about 9% decline in childbirth among likely undocumented married women. Exploring the mechanism, the results of the analysis indicate that granting undocumented migrants access to driving licenses increased the propensity to work along the intensive margin. Among those at work, their usual weekly hours rose by approximately 1.5%.

     
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    hdl: 10419/256806
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1094
    Subjects: driving licenses; undocumented immigrants; fertility; labor market impacts
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Should divorce be easier or harder?
    the evidence, though weak, favors legal, easy, unilateral divorce
    Author: González, Libertad; Quinto, Alicia de
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Many countries have enacted legislation over the past few decades making divorce easier. Some countries have legalized divorce where it had previously been banned, and many have eased the conditions required for a divorce, such as allowing unilateral... more

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    Many countries have enacted legislation over the past few decades making divorce easier. Some countries have legalized divorce where it had previously been banned, and many have eased the conditions required for a divorce, such as allowing unilateral divorce (both spouses do not have to agree on the divorce). Divorce laws can regulate the grounds for divorce, division of property, child custody, and child support or maintenance payments. Reforms can have a range of social effects beyond increasing the divorce rate. They can influence female labor supply, marriage and fertility rates, child well-being, household saving, and even domestic violence and crime.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260677
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 113v2
    Subjects: divorce; female labor supply; family law; marriage; fertility
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. The quantity-quality fertility-education trade-off
    policies to reduce fertility in developing countries generally boost education levels, but only slightly
    Author: Li, Li; Liu, Haoming
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    At the national level, it has long been observed that a country's average education level is negatively associated with its total fertility rate. At the household level, it has also been well documented that children's education is negatively... more

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    At the national level, it has long been observed that a country's average education level is negatively associated with its total fertility rate. At the household level, it has also been well documented that children's education is negatively associated with the number of children in the family. Do these observations imply a causal relationship between the number of children and the average education level (the quantity-quality trade-off)? A clear answer to this question will help both policymakers and researchers evaluate the total benefit of family planning policies, both policies to lower fertility and policies to boost it.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260681
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2022, 143v2
    Subjects: demographic transition; fertility; education; child quality; quantity-quality trade-off
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Previous version May 2015