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  1. EU agencies in banking and energy between institutional and policy centralisation
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, Frankfurt am Main

    This working paper suggests to analyse agencification as a double process of institutional and policy centralisation. To that end, it develops a categorisation of agencies that incorporates these two dimensions. More specifically, it is argued that... more

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    DS 431
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    This working paper suggests to analyse agencification as a double process of institutional and policy centralisation. To that end, it develops a categorisation of agencies that incorporates these two dimensions. More specifically, it is argued that mixed outcomes where the levels of institutional and policy centralisation diverge can be expected to be the rule rather than the exception, in line with the hybrid nature of EU agencies as inbetweeners. Moreover, the fiduciary setting hits important legal constraints given the limits to delegation in the EU context. Against this backdrop a process whereby institutional centralisation develops incrementally and remains limited, yet is accompanied by a process of substantial policy centralisation, appears as the most promising path for EU agencification. A fiduciary setting, where a strong agency enjoys a high degree of independence and operates in a centralised policy space, by contrast, should be the exception. The comparative study of the process of agencification in the energy and banking sector is insightful in the light of these expectations. The incremental nature of institutional change in energy exemplifies the usual path of agencification, which is conducive to a weak agency operating in a relatively centralised policy space. Agencification in banking, by contrast, has led to a rather unusual outcome where the strong agency model combines with a fragmented policy context.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/218960
    Series: SAFE working paper ; no. 278
    Subjects: agency; banking; centralisation; energy; fiduciary; electricity; policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten), Diagramme
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 03.07.2020

  2. Decreasing substitutability between clean and dirty energy
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, [Canberra]

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Series: CAMA working paper ; 2019, 72 (September 2019)
    Subjects: Elasticity of substitution; climate change; energy; electricity; production function
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Ownership in the electricity market property, the firm, and the climate crisis
    Published: April 2020
    Publisher:  Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany

    Electricity is a key area in climate mitigation. The sector needs to significantly expand while transitioning to renewable production, all in an extremely short timeframe. This paper focuses on ownership and control in the electricity sector in an... more

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    Electricity is a key area in climate mitigation. The sector needs to significantly expand while transitioning to renewable production, all in an extremely short timeframe. This paper focuses on ownership and control in the electricity sector in an era of climate change. Borrowing substantially from classical American Institutionalism, heterodox theories and histories of the firm, and legal institutionalism, this paper discusses the historically constituted nature of the categories of property, capital, and the firm and how these literatures provide helpful frameworks for analyzing the recent history and possible futures of electricity sectors. A short discussion of the recent history of the German electricity sector, particularly the large utility RWE, will briefly illustrate the approach. Demands of warming mitigation will require revised notions of ownership and an updated theory of the firm, property, and corporate governance for the Anthropocene. Elektrizität ist ein zentraler Faktor für den Klimaschutz: Der Sektor muss innerhalb kürzester Zeit stark expandieren und gleichzeitig den Übergang zur Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energie bewältigen. Das Papier geht der Frage auf den Grund, welche inhaltliche Bedeutung der Eigentümerschaft und der Kontrolle im Stromsektor in Zeiten des Klimawandels zukommt. Es diskutiert die historisch gewachsenen Bedeutungen der rechtlichen Kategorien Eigentum, Kapital und Unternehmen. Dabei stützt es sich auf die Klassiker des Amerikanischen Institutionalismus, heterodoxe Unternehmenstheorien und Ansätze der Unternehmensgeschichte sowie den rechtlichen Institutionalismus. Es legt dar, wie diese Literatur die Schaffung konstruktiver Analyserahmen ermöglicht, um die jüngere Vergangenheit und künftige Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der Stromsektoren zu untersuchen. Eine kurze Beschreibung der jüngeren Geschichte des deutschen Elektrizitätssektors und insbesondere des großen Energieversorgers RWE veranschaulicht den Ansatz. Der Klimaschutz wird eine Revision des Begriffs der Eigentümerschaft ebenso notwendig machen wie eine dem Anthropozän gemäße Überarbeitung der Unternehmenstheorie sowie der Governance des Eigentums und der Corporate Governance.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English; German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 21.11116/0000-0006-54AF-7
    hdl: 10419/218727
    RVK Categories: QR 600
    Series: MPIfG discussion paper ; 20/5
    Subjects: Anthropocene; electricity; energy transitions; property theory of the firm; Anthropozän; Elektrizität; Energiewenden; Unternehmenstheorie
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (IV, 34 Seiten), Diagramme
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 29.05.2020

    Haupttext englisch, Zusammenfassung in Englisch und Deutsch

  4. Sectoral electricity demand and direct rebound effect in New Zealand
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg

    This paper is one of the limited studies to investigate rebound effects in sectoral electricity consumption and the specific case of New Zealand. New Zealand, like other OECD economies, has aimed for energy efficiency improvements and reduced... more

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    This paper is one of the limited studies to investigate rebound effects in sectoral electricity consumption and the specific case of New Zealand. New Zealand, like other OECD economies, has aimed for energy efficiency improvements and reduced electricity consumption from 9.2 MWh per capita in 2010 to 8.6 MWh per capita in 2015. However, following a significant decline since 2010, electricity consumption in the main New Zealand sectors is increasing. Energy conservation could play an important role in meeting the growing demand for electricity but rebound effect can affect the effectiveness of conservation policies. We decompose the sectoral electricity prices to capture the asymmetric demand response to electricity price changes and estimate electricity demand elasticity during 1980 and 2015 to estimate the sectoral rebound effects. We find partial rebound effects of 54% and 23% in the industrial and commercial sector respectively while we find no partial rebound effect at aggregate sectoral level. The rebound effect is insignificant in the residential sector. These findings lead to policy recommendations for more sector specific energy conservation measures and policies.

     

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10398/9814
    hdl: 10419/222889
    Series: Working paper / Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School ; 2020, 9
    CSEI working paper ; 2020, 09
    Subjects: electricity; demand; rebound; heating; time series analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Real-time electricity pricing to balance green energy intermittency
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Toulouse School of Economics, [Toulouse]

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    Series: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1087 (20)
    Subjects: electricity; intermittency; renewable dynamic pricing; demand response; smart meters
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Blacking out
    Published: April 2020
    Publisher:  Universität Basel, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Basel, Switzerland

    The partial shutdown of the economy following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of measurements of economic activity that are available with a short lag and at high frequency. The consumption of electricity is a candidate... more

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    The partial shutdown of the economy following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of measurements of economic activity that are available with a short lag and at high frequency. The consumption of electricity is a candidate for such a proxy.

     

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    hdl: 10419/240416
    Series: WWZ working paper ; 2020, 07
    Subjects: COVID-19; electricity; seasonal adjustment; weather data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Attracting private solutions and participation in the power sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
    findings from a survey of investors and financiers
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Energy and Extractives Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    This paper develops a classification of investor risks and surveys 51 private investors and financiers in the power sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper aims for a better understanding of what can be done to attract private solutions to fill the... more

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    This paper develops a classification of investor risks and surveys 51 private investors and financiers in the power sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper aims for a better understanding of what can be done to attract private solutions to fill the investment gap. It finds that the average investor assigns more weight to power sector policy and regulatory framework risks than to the wider sector and country context risks. And, despite many challenges, investors perceive three segments as ready for private solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: power generation, off-grid electrification, and mini-grids. Investors see lower readiness in distribution, transmission, and retail. The paper finds that the average investor is forward-looking, as neither the track record of the power sector nor the firm's personal track record is as important as the growth potential in the market. The paper uses the findings to reality-check data-based measures of regulatory readiness, namely the Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy and Power Sector Reform Index and analyzes which elements correlate best with investor sentiment to optimize and streamline these indexes accordingly. The results provide important lessons for governments and development partners to devise appropriate de-risking instruments tailored to the risks that matter most to investors

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9299
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Private investment; investment risks; electricity; financial viability; developing countries; emerging markets
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Electricity consumption and economic activity in Cyprus using an asymmetric cointegration technique
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  University of Cyprus, Economics Research Centre, [Nicosia]

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    Series: Economic policy papers ; no. 21, 03 (July 2021)
    Subjects: threshold adjustment; electricity; growth; cointegration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Redistribution through technology
    equilibrium impacts of mandated efficiency in three electricity markets
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

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    Series: Working paper series / MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research ; 2023, 10 (April 2023)
    Subjects: Information technology; frictions; trade; electricity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Resilience regulation
    an incentive scheme for regulated electricity network operators to improve resilience
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  Constructor University Bremen, Bremen Energy Research (BER), Bremen

    This paper presents an approach for resilience incentives in the regulation of electricity network operators. Resilience is the ability of the power system to deal quickly and efficiently with large-scale and long-lasting power interruptions. It... more

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    This paper presents an approach for resilience incentives in the regulation of electricity network operators. Resilience is the ability of the power system to deal quickly and efficiently with large-scale and long-lasting power interruptions. It comprises two related aspects: minimizing the damage caused by an outage and increasing the robustness of the system. The resilience regulation proposed in this paper contains two complementary parts. First, a resilience incentive mechanism, which aims at internalizing external effects of resilience improvement. This part relies on so-called duration-dependent consumer damage functions (CDFs). Second, a forward-looking budget approach with a sharing factor to strengthen incentives for resilience expenses within regulatory constraints.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/283364
    Series: Bremen energy working papers ; no. 44
    Subjects: resilience; electricity; network; regulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Trajetória recente e características regionais do consumo de energia elétrica para famílias de baixa renda no Brasil a partir dos dados do programa TSEE (2014-2021)
    Published: maio de 2023
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This study analyzes the recent trajectory and regional characteristics of electricity consumption among low-income families in Brazil, using data from beneficiaries of the Tarifa Social de Energia Elétrica (TSEE) program. It also seeks to assess the... more

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    This study analyzes the recent trajectory and regional characteristics of electricity consumption among low-income families in Brazil, using data from beneficiaries of the Tarifa Social de Energia Elétrica (TSEE) program. It also seeks to assess the impacts of restrictive measures and regulatory changes implemented throughout 2020 to contain the pandemic on the behavior of residential electricity consumers in Brazil. The paper presents a new methodology for evaluating the economic impacts of the TSEE based on detailing the program's data at the regional level, as well as simulating changes in the electricity consumption of the program's beneficiaries in response to changes in the price of the public service offered. Evidence was found that the recent rise in electricity supply costs (notably from 2014 onwards) produced significant and differentiated negative effects for the country's regions, increasing inequalities in access to electricity and in the amount consumed. by low-income households in the country. In turn, the federal government's financial aid measures for low-income families in the period considered most critical for coping with the covid-19 pandemic, in the second half of 2020, do not seem to have produced major impacts in terms of changing their pattern of energy consumption, as well as on the regional discrepancies already observed in the low-income consumer market in Brazil.

     

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    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284998
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2876
    Subjects: electricity; price elasticity of demand; cross subsidies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The power to conserve
    a field experiment on electricity use in Qatar
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy working paper ; no. 429
    Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment working paper ; no. 404
    Subjects: consumer behaviour; electricity; energy; energy saving; household energy; Qatar
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten)
  13. Energy transitions in regulated markets
    Published: August 30, 2024
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

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    Series: Economics working papers / Eller College of Management ; 24, 05
    Subjects: rate-of-return regulation; electricity; prudence; used and useful; coal generation; stranded assets
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The efficiency of dynamic electricity prices
    Published: September 2024
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The marginal cost of electricity fluctuates hour-by-hour, yet retail customers typically face flat prices. Using data from all seven US wholesale markets and a new method to evaluate alternative rates set in advance that accounts for equilibrium price... more

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    The marginal cost of electricity fluctuates hour-by-hour, yet retail customers typically face flat prices. Using data from all seven US wholesale markets and a new method to evaluate alternative rates set in advance that accounts for equilibrium price effects, we estimate efficiency gains from time-varying price schedules that better align price with cost. We have three main results. First, time-of-use rates and critical-peak pricing, the two most common time-varying rate plans, each correct about 10% of mispricing. Second, complex rate structures based on historical prices often backfire. Third, real-time pricing with price ceilings can capture most potential efficiency gains.

     

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    hdl: 10419/305597
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 11355 (2024)
    Subjects: electricity; time-of-use pricing; critical- peak pricing; real-time pricing; efficiency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Energy regulation in a low carbon world
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  Dep. of Economics, Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham

    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Series: Discussion papers / Department of Economics, The University of Birmingham ; 10-16
    Subjects: economic regulation; renewable energy; electricity; transmission pricing
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 38 S.)
  16. Transparency in electricity markets
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Dep. of Economics, Univ. of Oslo, Oslo

    The European Commission is introducing new regulations on submission and publication of data in electricity markets (SPDEM) and on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency (REMIT). I discuss issues relevant for undertaking an evaluation... more

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    The European Commission is introducing new regulations on submission and publication of data in electricity markets (SPDEM) and on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency (REMIT). I discuss issues relevant for undertaking an evaluation such regulations. I argue that, for market performance, more information is not always better; indeed, more information may undermine market performance by facilitating behaviour that is either not cost efficient or aims at exercising market power or establishing and maintaining collusion. Moreover, ensuring rational economic behaviour and an efficient and competitive market outcome does not require general access to information at a very detailed level or with a high degree of immediacy. I conclude that to achieve the aims of efficiently functioning wholesale electricity markets, fair and non-discriminatory access to data and a coherent and consistent view of the European wholesale electricity market, it does not seem advisable to go quite so far with respect to immediacy and detail as intended by the new regulations. -- electricity ; market performance ; information ; transparency ; regulation

     

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    hdl: 10419/90714
    Series: Memorandum / Department of Economics, University of Oslo ; 13/2013
    Subjects: electricity; market performance; information; transparency; regulation
    Scope: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
  17. Policies for decarbonizing a liberalized power sector
  18. Strategies of tension : A. Boissier's "Les amants électrisés par l'amour" (1797)
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: Spannung; Elektrizität; Wissenschaft; Geschichte 1750-1800; Aufklärung; Liebe <Motiv>
    Other subjects: Boissier, A.; Boissier, A.: Les amants électrisés par l'amour; Wissenschaftsgeschichte; tension; electricity; love; history of science; enlightenment
    Scope: Online-Ressource
    Notes:

    In: Tension/Spannung / hrsg. von Christoph F. E. Holzhey, Wien : Turia + Kant, 2010, Cultural Inquiry ; 1, ISBN 978-3-85132-616-1, S. 93-108, doi:10.25620/ci-01_05

  19. The efficiency of dynamic electricity prices
    Published: 13 September 2024
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP19475
    Subjects: electricity; time-of-use pricing; critical-peak pricing; real-time pricing; efficiency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Vietnam's development success story and the unfinished SDG agenda
    Author: Baum, Anja
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Despite starting as one of the poorest countries in the mid-1980s, Vietnam has achieved rapid developmental progress, reaching lower middle-income status in 2010. In line with rapid economic growth, Vietnam has achieved impressive progress towards... more

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    Despite starting as one of the poorest countries in the mid-1980s, Vietnam has achieved rapid developmental progress, reaching lower middle-income status in 2010. In line with rapid economic growth, Vietnam has achieved impressive progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) during this time. This paper sheds light on some elements of Vietnam's success story, highlighting crucial policies in education and electricity sectors. It undertakes a forward-looking costing exercise that focusses on five sectors - education, health, roads, water, and electricity infrastructure. Achieving the remaining SDGs in Vietnam will be a challenge, with total annual additional spending needs in the 5 subsectors estimated at 7 percent of GDP by 2030

     

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  21. Lights off, lights on
    the effects of electricity shortages on small firms
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Knowledge and Strategy Team, [Washington, DC, USA]

    Entrepreneurs in developing countries report that unreliable electricity imposes a serious constraint, yet little evidence exists on how blackouts impact the micro firms that account for the majority of employment. This paper estimates the effects of... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Entrepreneurs in developing countries report that unreliable electricity imposes a serious constraint, yet little evidence exists on how blackouts impact the micro firms that account for the majority of employment. This paper estimates the effects of outages on small firms using original firm-level panel data and finds evidence of differential effects by firm size. Firms without employees experience large reductions in revenues and profits. Outages have no measurable effect on the output of firms with employees, where worker hours increase, weekly wages paid decrease, and the analysis fails to reject that blackouts have no effect on (average firm-level) worker hourly wages

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9093
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: infrastructure; microenterprises; electricity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Power to the fiscal?
    an exploration of the use of credit ratings to estimate the expected cost of a guarantee of a power-purchase agreement
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    Ministries of finance are often asked to guarantee a state-owned electricity utility's payments to an independent power producer under a power-purchase agreement. To decide whether to grant the guarantee, the ministry should have at least a rough... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Ministries of finance are often asked to guarantee a state-owned electricity utility's payments to an independent power producer under a power-purchase agreement. To decide whether to grant the guarantee, the ministry should have at least a rough estimate of the guarantee's expected cost. Making use of an analogy between a power-purchase agreement and a debt contract, this paper shows how the ministry can get such an estimate by applying a method developed to estimate the expected cost of debt guarantees. An estimate of the probability of the utility's not being able to meet its obligations under the power-purchase agreement can be derived from the utility's actual or estimated credit rating in the absence of government support. The government's expected payments under the guarantee can then be estimated by multiplying the utility's payments under the power-purchase agreement by this probability. The estimates produced by the method will be imprecise, but the method may be easier to apply than alternative methods, and an imprecise estimate may be better for policy makers than no estimate

     

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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9271
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: guarantee; power-purchase agreement; independent power producer; electricity; fiscal risk
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Willingness to sacrifice for climate mitigation in representative samples of Indian adults
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Under the Paris Agreement, each country submits national pledges that reflect common but differentiated responsibility. Policy-makers therefore need to understand the mitigation policy interests of domestic populations, especially in developing... more

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    Under the Paris Agreement, each country submits national pledges that reflect common but differentiated responsibility. Policy-makers therefore need to understand the mitigation policy interests of domestic populations, especially in developing countries where survey data are relatively scarce. Here we describe results from a new survey-experiment that is representative of adults in the Indian state of Rajasthan and city of Mumbai: most respondents report willingness to sacrifice to achieve climate mitigation.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/206963
    Series: IZA policy paper ; no. 147
    Subjects: environment; climate; India; electricity; survey; phone survey; development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Quasi-fiscal deficits in the electricity sector of the Middle East and North Africa
    sources and size
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  ECARES, Brussels, Belgium

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 313
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    hdl: 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/262380
    Series: ECARES working paper ; 2017, 47 (December 2017)
    Subjects: Quasi-fiscal deficit; electricity; utilities; Middle East and North Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten)
  25. Utilities included
    split incentives in commercial electricity contracts
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper quantifies a tenant-side "split incentives" problem that exists when the largest commercial sector customers are on electricity-included property lease contracts causing them to face a marginal electricity price of zero. We use exogenous... more

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    This paper quantifies a tenant-side "split incentives" problem that exists when the largest commercial sector customers are on electricity-included property lease contracts causing them to face a marginal electricity price of zero. We use exogenous variation in weather shocks to show that the largest firms on tenant-paid contracts use up to 14 percent less electricity in response to summer temperature fluctuations. The result is retrieved under weaker identifying assumptions than previous split incentives papers, and is robust when exposed to several opportunities to fail. The electricity reduction in response to temperature increases is likely to be a lower bound when generalized nationwide and suggests that policymakers should consider a sub-metering policy to expose the largest commercial tenants to the prevailing retail electricity price.

     

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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/201960
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 7734 (July 2019)
    Subjects: electricity; principal-agent problem; split incentive; contracts
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen