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Displaying results 126 to 150 of 432.

  1. Trajectories to high income
    growth dynamics in Japan, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea
    Author: Murach, Michael; Wagner, Helmut; Kim, Jungsuk; Park, Donghyun
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    We analyze and compare the patterns of economic growth and development in the Japan, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea in the postwar period. The geographical proximity and cultural affinity between the three countries, as... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    We analyze and compare the patterns of economic growth and development in the Japan, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea in the postwar period. The geographical proximity and cultural affinity between the three countries, as well as the key role of the development state in the economies, suggest that an analytical comparison would be a meaningful and valuable exercise. Furthermore, Japan and the Republic of Korea are two of the few economies that have jumped from middle income to high income in a short period and thus offer potentially valuable lessons for the PRC. We use Cobb-Douglas production functions to assess the long-run equilibrium relationships between per capita gross domestic product, capital, and labor by means of cointegrated vector autoregressive models. We show that such equilibrium relationships cannot be rejected for all three countries, while the evidence is stronger for the PRC and the Republic of Korea than for Japan. Our hypothesis tests show that the estimated Cobb-Douglas production functions display coefficients of capital and employment that sum up to 1 and broken linear trends that can be attributed to structural breaks and (changes in) total factor productivity growth. We observe a striking similarity between the experience in the Republic of Korea and the PRC, which gives some optimism that the PRC may be capable of graduating to high income, like the Republic of Korea.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/246699
    Series: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 622 (October 2020)
    Subjects: aggregate production function; comparative economic growth; economic development; Japan; People's Republic of China; Republic of Korea
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The political economy of law enforcement
    Author: Dewey, Matías; Woll, Cornelia; Ronconi, Lucas
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  Max Planck Sciences Po Center on Coping with Instability in Market Societies, Paris, France

    The legal order is the legitimate foundation of liberal democracy. Its incomplete enforcement of the law can therefore appear dysfunctional, reflecting weak institutions, state capture, and corrupt practices. This paper casts doubt on such... more

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    The legal order is the legitimate foundation of liberal democracy. Its incomplete enforcement of the law can therefore appear dysfunctional, reflecting weak institutions, state capture, and corrupt practices. This paper casts doubt on such categorical assessments by systematically examining the reasons for and intentions behind incomplete enforcement. It argues that law enforcement is part of the political process that is deeply affected by the constellation of actors concerned. Choices over law enforcement produce social order that is analytically distinct from the production of legal norms and their formal implementation. By analyzing different types of partial enforcement, its rationales, and intended effects, we propose an approach that studies law enforcement as an integral part of public policy analysis and of the study of socioeconomic orders.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    RVK Categories: QL 415
    Series: MaxPo discussion paper ; no. 21/1
    Subjects: corruption; economic development; forbearance; informal institutions; law enforcement; policy implementation; state capacity
    Scope: IV, 22 Seiten
    Notes:

    Text englisch; Zusammenfassung in englischer und französischer Sprache
  3. Truth vs. justification
    contrasting heterodox and mainstream thinking on development via the example of austerity in Africa
    Author: Sindzingre, Alice
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy Berlin, Berlin

    The differences between mainstream and 'heterodox' theories and policies have become increasingly blurred, and this dynamic has also affected heterodox analyses of development. Being trapped by the primacy of the statistics-based methodological... more

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    The differences between mainstream and 'heterodox' theories and policies have become increasingly blurred, and this dynamic has also affected heterodox analyses of development. Being trapped by the primacy of the statistics-based methodological imperative, much heterodox thinking on development does not distinguish itself from the mainstream and its abandonment of reflection on the theoretical causalities that underlie policies. In this context, a conceptual framework is elaborated that focuses on the relationships between theory and policy, which allows for the argument that differences exist between heterodox and mainstream stances. Indeed, there is no direct translation between theory and policy. The criterion of validity of theory is truth. In contrast, a policymaker's domain is action, and the criterion of validity is the efficiency of the policy given its goals, as well as that of justification. The fact that a policymaker is indifferent to the truth (or falsehood) of a theoretical assumption is shown via the example of the austerity reform programmes of international financial institutions implemented in SubSaharan Africa. The 2020 pandemic is a 'natural experiment' showing that governments and international agencies can discard overnight the theories that have previously demonstrated the truth of the causalities underlying austerity policies and devise huge financial support, hence simultaneously showing that policymakers do not believe that these theories are true. If rich economies are threatened by a massive shock, policies manifest their disconnection from theories that have been previously imposed as 'true', notably upon developing economies, this 'truth' being the justification for conditional lending and an element of policy efficiency. This example delineates the specificity of heterodox reflections on development. Attitudes vis-à-vis truth and the relationships between theory and policy are in fact ethical attitudes: deontological attitudes (as opposed to utilitarianism) characterise heterodox stances, i.e., the consequences of policies are evaluated in terms of norms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231371
    Series: Working paper / Institute for International Political Economy Berlin ; no. 155 (2021)
    Subjects: economic development; heterodox economy theory; truth; economic policy; austerity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten)
  4. Reflections on Asia's journey to prosperity
    Author: Hill, Hal
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, [Canberra]

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    Series: Working papers in trade and development ; no. 2020, 18
    Subjects: Asian Development Bank; Asia Pacific economies; economic development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  5. Study on the economic developments of the EU air transport market
    final report
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The European Commission launched a study to examine the economic developments of the EU Aviation Market and, consequently, to serve as a supporting document for the development of the new Aviation Policy pursued in the European Union. Its main goal... more

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    The European Commission launched a study to examine the economic developments of the EU Aviation Market and, consequently, to serve as a supporting document for the development of the new Aviation Policy pursued in the European Union. Its main goal is to examine the main developments in the EU aviation sector during the period 2016-2019, including the identification of important events and trends having an influence on aviation, so as to provide the European Commission with an explanatory view on the ongoing evolution of the EU Aviation Market. The key points examined in the course of this investigation are as follows: - The evolution of the European air transport market between 2016 and 2019; - Assessment of the impact of the Aviation Strategy launched by the Commission in December 2015 on the market; - Identification of market trends up to 2025; - Highlighting the factors that could have an impact on this trend. Throughout the research, it was important to link past developments to the Aviation Strategy launched in December 2015 by the European Commission in relation with the four priority areas: - To place the EU as leading player in international aviation, on the basis of a level playing field; - Facilitate growth in the aviation sector and the wider economy; - Secure high EU standards; - Support innovation, the spread of digital technologies and investment in the aviation sector. Egis and SEO have adopted an approach in which close collaboration, clear communication and the combination of both quantitative and qualitative analysis result in obtaining the outcomes that will be described in the following sections. Each section addresses a specific part of the study and assesses the impact of the subject on the aviation sector. The following three volumes form the common thread throughout the research: - General overview of the European Air Transport Market (2016-2019); - Key trends; - Strategic overview. The examination of past developments in the aviation sector will allow the Commission to further refine its Aviation Policy for the coming years and bring it as closely as possible into line with the needs of European air transport market. Furthermore, the strategic analysis reveals factors which could have an impact on European aviation in the coming years, enabling the European Commission to anticipate and further minimise the impact of these events. The COVID-19 outbreak came at the final stages of this study and therefore it was not possible to fully include additional analysis covering COVID-19 developments to the work-plan. Obviously COVID-19 is having a major impact on transport and connectivity in the EU. Measures to contain the outbreak have resulted in a dramatic reduction in transport activity, especially in passenger transport. Air traffic received a major hit since the start of the pandemic and there are still a lot of uncertainty on the extent of effects of COVID to the whole air transport sector.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789276293576
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    Subjects: Luftverkehr; Branchenentwicklung; EU-Luftverkehrspolitik; EU-Staaten; Entwicklung; Luftfahrtindustrie; economic development; air transport; transport market; air traffic; digitisation; environmental policy; coronavirus disease; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 238 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Higher economic growth in poor countries, lower migration flows to the OECD
    revisiting the migration hump with panel data
    Author: Bencek, David; Schneiderheinze, Claas
    Published: 06/2020
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    Comparing the emigration rates of countries at different stages of economic development, an inverse u-shape emerges. Although merely based on cross-sectional evidence, the "migration hump" is often treated as a causal relationship. Since the peak is... more

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    Informationszentrum der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.
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    Comparing the emigration rates of countries at different stages of economic development, an inverse u-shape emerges. Although merely based on cross-sectional evidence, the "migration hump" is often treated as a causal relationship. Since the peak is located at rather high per capita incomes of 6000-10 000 USD policy makers in rich destination countries worry that supporting economic development in poor origin countries might increase migration. In this paper we systematically test whether the migration hump holds up to more scrutiny, finding that the crosssectional pattern is misleading. Using 35 years of migration flow data from 198 countries of origin to OECD destinations, we successfully reproduce the hump-shape in the cross-section. However, more rigorous fixed effects panel estimations that exploit the variation over time consistently show a negative association between income and emigration. This result is independent of the level of income a country starts out at and thus casts doubt on any causal interpretation of the migration hump.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231567
    Series: Kiel working paper ; no. 2145 (June 2020)
    Subjects: Internationale Migration; Ursache; Kausalität; Entwicklung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Entwicklungshilfe; Statistische Analyse; International migration; economic development; development assistance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Education spending and Wagner's law
    new international evidence
    Author: Millin, Mark; Fielding, David; Owen, Dorian
    Published: February 2020
    Publisher:  [Department of Economics, University of Otago], [Dunedin, New Zealand]

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    Series: Economics discussion papers / University of Otago ; no. 2002
    Subjects: education spending; Wagner's law; economic development; democracy; leastsquares dummy variables (LSDV) estimation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  8. Political power, elite control, and long-run development
    evidence from Brazil
    Author: Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico S.; Martinez-Bravo, Monica
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  BREAD, the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development, [Cambridge, Massachusetts]

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    Series: BREAD working paper ; no. 578
    Subjects: political power; elites; regime transition; economic development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Long-term effects of equal sharing: evidence from inheritance rules for land
    Author: Bartels, Charlotte; Jäger, Simon; Obergruber, Natalie
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    What are the long-term economic effects of a more equal distribution of wealth? We exploit variation in historical inheritance rules for land in Germany. In some German areas, inherited land was to be shared or divided equally among children, while... more

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    What are the long-term economic effects of a more equal distribution of wealth? We exploit variation in historical inheritance rules for land in Germany. In some German areas, inherited land was to be shared or divided equally among children, while in others land was ruled to be indivisible. Using a geographic regression discontinuity design, we show that equal division of land led to a more equal distribution of land; other potential drivers of growth are smooth at the boundary and equal division areas were not historically more developed. Today, equal division areas feature higher average incomes and a right-shifted skill, income, and wealth distribution. Higher top incomes and top wealth in equal division areas coincide with higher education, and higher labor productivity. We show evidence consistent with the more even distribution of land leading to more innovative industrial by-employment during Germany's transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy and, in the long-run, more entrepreneurship.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227192
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13665
    Subjects: distribution; economic growth; economic development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Fracking, farmers, and rural electrification in India
    Author: Fetter, T. Robert; Usmani, Faraz
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    The shale gas revolution in the United States induced an unprecedented commodity boom across northwestern India. Leveraging population-based discontinuities in the contemporaneous roll-out of India's national rural electrification scheme, we show... more

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    The shale gas revolution in the United States induced an unprecedented commodity boom across northwestern India. Leveraging population-based discontinuities in the contemporaneous roll-out of India's national rural electrification scheme, we show that access to electricity increased total employment and nonagricultural employment in villages affected by this exogenous economic shock, but had no impact on labor markets elsewhere. This combination of two natural experiments highlights how complementary economic conditions drive heterogeneity in the labor-market impacts of rural electrification. It also helps explain the large variation in the reported impacts of such resource-intensive infrastructure investments globally. Die Schiefergasrevolution in den Vereinigten Staaten löste in Nordwestindien einen beispiellosen Rohstoffboom aus. Unter Ausnutzung bevölkerungsbezogener Diskontinuitäten bei der gleichzeitigen Einführung des nationalen ländlichen Elektrifizierungsprogramms Indiens zeigen wir, dass der Zugang zu Elektrizität die Gesamtbeschäftigung und die Beschäftigung außerhalb der Landwirtschaft in den Dörfern, die von diesem exogenen wirtschaftlichen Schock betroffen waren, erhöhte, aber keine Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsmärkte anderswo hatte. Diese Kombination zweier natürlicher Experimente macht deutlich, wie komplementäre wirtschaftliche Bedingungen die Heterogenität der Auswirkungen der ländlichen Elektrifizierung auf den Arbeitsmarkt vorantreiben. Sie trägt auch dazu bei, die große Variationsbreite der berichteten Auswirkungen solcher ressourcenintensiver Infrastrukturinvestitionen weltweit zu erklären.

     
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    ISBN: 9783969730010
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    hdl: 10419/224779
    Series: Ruhr economic papers ; #864
    Subjects: Rural electrification; heterogeneous impacts; labor markets; productive use; economic development; regression discontinuity; India
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The Great Recession
    main determinants of regional economic resilience in the EU
    Author: Annonii, Paola; De Dominicisi, Laura; Khabirpouri, Neysan
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The aim of this study is to empirically analyse the determinants of regional economic growth and resilience across European Union (EU) regions. We will try to answer the following questions: Do regions vary in their ability to recover and bounce back... more

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    The aim of this study is to empirically analyse the determinants of regional economic growth and resilience across European Union (EU) regions. We will try to answer the following questions: Do regions vary in their ability to recover and bounce back from economic shocks? What internal and external factors are associated with the capacity of EU regions to cope with economic adversity and maintain economic well-being while others fall short? Are the determinants of economic growth and resilience the same across different groups of EU regions? In order to answer the questions above, we have estimated a conditional growth model whereby economic growth across EU regions depends on a set of initial factors (i.e. human capital and investments) and proximity to other regions. In addition to the more traditional factors, this study also employs a subset of components of the Regional Competitiveness Index (2010) - RCI - to explain growth differentials across EU regions. Finally, we have grouped EU regions into two groups, according to their level of economic development - a north-west core of relatively high-income regions, and a south-east periphery of lowerincome regions - and have tested whether our set of explanatory variables has a similar impact on the economic growth of the two groups of regions. The econometric modelling approach incorporates complex spatial effects by considering both spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence across geographical units, enabling us to account for spatial spillover among EU regions. Empirical results indicate that while both groups of regions experience economic convergence, recent determinants of growth, as well as spillover effects, differ across the two. In the core regime, better institutions, higher shares of investment, and an economy specialising in higher-value-added sectors significantly spur domestic growth, with investment also inducing positive spillover effects to neighbouring regions. In the peripheral regime, low shares of lower-secondary educational attainment and high shares of tertiary educational attainment have a significant positive effect on domestic growth, with higher shares of tertiary educational attainment also inducing positive spillover effects. Moreover, technological readiness is also identified as an important factor in the peripheral regime creating positive spillover effects. This is a critical time for the future of EU Cohesion Policy with the regulations for the post-2020 regional policy period currently under discussion. Several findings in this study are particularly relevant to this debate and should be factored into the ongoing discussions.

     
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    ISBN: 9789276129929
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    Subjects: Wirtschaftskrise; Schock; Regionales Wachstum; Schätzung; EU-Staaten; economic growth; economic recession; regional economy; competitiveness; regional development; economic development; European Union; labour force; investment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Income inequality in small states and the Caribbean
    stylized facts and determinants
    Author: McIntyre, Meredith A.; Bejar, Pablo; Komatsuzaki, Takuji; Vargas, Mauricio
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Rising income inequality has emerged as a major policy issue facing policymakers, but there is a dearth of empirical work on inequality in small states, including the Caribbean. Despite data limitations, the empirical analysis using a sample of small... more

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    Rising income inequality has emerged as a major policy issue facing policymakers, but there is a dearth of empirical work on inequality in small states, including the Caribbean. Despite data limitations, the empirical analysis using a sample of small states finds that increased openness and deeper economic integration including financial market openness is associated with lower income inequality, whereas elevated debt levels limit fiscal space and are associated with higher income inequality. An important policy implication is that well targeted social sector spending aimed at improving education and health indicators will support increased redistribution and reduce income inequality

     
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  13. Proximity and horizontal policies
    the backbone of export diversification and complexity
    Author: Salinas, Gonzalo
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    The lack of a clear link between general economic fundamentals and export diversification indicators in the literature has fueled the believe that industrial policies are an absolute requisite to diversify exports. This paper, however, does find a... more

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    The lack of a clear link between general economic fundamentals and export diversification indicators in the literature has fueled the believe that industrial policies are an absolute requisite to diversify exports. This paper, however, does find a strong statistical connection between horizontal policies and diversification by making two novel changes to traditional methodologies: using export categories that lead to diversification (for example, manufactures) as dependent variables, and using a gravity-equation regression setting. Proximity to other economies explains about a third of cross-country heterogeneity in targeted exports, and four fifths together with horizontal policies. Australia, Chile, and New Zealand emerge as new role models for diversification policies

     
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  14. Climate change, or climate shocks
    what really triggers civil conflicts?
    Author: Khalifa, Sherin; Petri, Svetlana; Henning, Christian H. C. A.
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kiel, Kiel

    This paper provides an analysis of the impact of extraordinary climate shocks on the incidence of civil conflict using cross-country panel data from Africa and the Middle East (1981 to 2015). We find that: (i) The estimated impact of climate shocks... more

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    This paper provides an analysis of the impact of extraordinary climate shocks on the incidence of civil conflict using cross-country panel data from Africa and the Middle East (1981 to 2015). We find that: (i) The estimated impact of climate shocks (mainly temperature effect) on economic growth rate and domestic food production ranges from 3 to 5% compared to the estimated impact of temperature growth 47%. (ii) We identified a direct impact of climate shocks on the incidence of civil conflict, where this impact is similar in magnitude to the negative impact of rainfall growth on conflict (3-4%). (iii) We confirmed the negative link between conflict and both economic indicators, conflict begets next conflict, the positive impact of good governance and polity IV estimates, and the freshwater availability on reducing the risk of conflict. Concluding that the main effect of climate comes from the temperature growth effects and it is not extreme shocks that drive economic declines, which indicates that the climate rather operates in a non-linear process.

     
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    Series: Working papers of agricultural policy ; WP2020, 04
    Subjects: Climate shocks; civil conflict; economic development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
  15. Climate change and civil conflict in SSA and MENA
    the same phenomena, but different mechanisms?
    Author: Khalifa, Sherin; Henning, Christian H. C. A.
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kiel, Kiel

    In this paper, the mechanisms of climate change impacts on the incidence of civil conflict are tested separately in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) for the period 1981 to 2015. We draw several conclusions:... more

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    In this paper, the mechanisms of climate change impacts on the incidence of civil conflict are tested separately in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) for the period 1981 to 2015. We draw several conclusions: (i) Climate has a significant impact on economic development, through economic growth rate in the MENA, and food production in SSA. (ii) Economic growth rate and food production index are significant indicators for social stability reduce the risk of civil conflict, in SSA and MENA, respectively. (iii) A direct impact of climate change on civil conflict is identified. (iv) Conflict in the previous year increases the probability of civil conflict in SSA by 0.30 pp, and in the MENA by 0.50 pp. Moreover, as the type of political system and accountability are important control variables in SSA, water availability reduces the risks of conflict in the MENA region. However, there appears to be evidence of different mechanisms in different regions. However, the identification of stable mechanisms needs to be precisely addressed in future work.

     
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    Series: Working papers of agricultural policy ; WP2020, 03
    Subjects: Climate impact mechanisms; conflict; economic development; MENA; SSA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (35 Seiten)
  16. Long-term decline of regions and the rise of populism
    the case of Germany
    Author: Greve, Maria; Fritsch, Michael; Wyrwich, Michael
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  Research Institute SOM, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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    Series: [SOM research reports] / SOM ; 2021, 009-I&O
    Subjects: Populism; economic development; territorial inequality; economic history
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  17. Research productivity
    trend and comparative analyses by regions and continents
    Author: Diop, Samba; Asongu, Simplice
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Using data for the period 2000 to 2019, the aim of this paper is to: (i) profile and compare research publications in regions and continents worldwide namely Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern America, Latin America, the Asiatic region,... more

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    Using data for the period 2000 to 2019, the aim of this paper is to: (i) profile and compare research publications in regions and continents worldwide namely Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern America, Latin America, the Asiatic region, the Pacific region and the Middle East; (ii) assess factors associated with research productivity and (iii) verify if African countries are closing the deep gap of research production and by extension, detect factors on which to improve and boost the catch-up process. The empirical evidence is based on the Poisson regression model, quantile regression for counts data and panel negative binomial regression. The findings can be summarised as follows: (i) continuous and linear increasing trends in the production of knowledge are noted in developing regions specifically in Africa even if the contribution of the continent to global research is marginal; (ii) in countries with least production, 'internet users' is not significant but schooling modulates its effect on research production contrarily to countries in the upper part of the distribution and (iii) in Africa, if the number of schooling years increases by one, the number of documents or published works produced is expected to increase by a factor of 1.147.

     
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    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 037
    Subjects: Research productivity; economic development; count data
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  18. Long-term decline of regions and the rise of populism
    the case of Germany
    Author: Greve, Maria; Fritsch, Michael; Wyrwich, Michael
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    What characterizes regions where right-wing populist parties are relatively successful? A prominent hypothesis proposed in recent literature claims that places that are "left behind" or "do not matter" are a breeding ground for the rise of populism.... more

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    What characterizes regions where right-wing populist parties are relatively successful? A prominent hypothesis proposed in recent literature claims that places that are "left behind" or "do not matter" are a breeding ground for the rise of populism. We re-examine this hypothesis by analyzing the rise of populism in Germany. Our results suggest that the high vote shares of populist parties are not only associated with low regional levels of welfare as such, but also with the long-term decline of a region's relative welfare. Hence, it is not the regions that do "not matter" that are most prone to the rise of populism, but the regions that once mattered, but are in long-term decline. Moreover, we find that regional knowledge represents an important channel through which the historical decline in wealth explains voting behavior in German regions.

     
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    Series: Jena economic research papers ; # 2021, 006
    Subjects: Populism; economic development; territorial inequality; economic history
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. From stocks to flows - evidence for the climate-migration-nexus
    Author: Berlemann, Michael; Haustein, Erik; Steinhardt, Max Friedrich
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Slow onset climate change has the potential to cause significant migration flows. Scientists have recently made considerable efforts to quantify these flows based on empirical methods. However, the literature on international migration has failed to... more

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    Slow onset climate change has the potential to cause significant migration flows. Scientists have recently made considerable efforts to quantify these flows based on empirical methods. However, the literature on international migration has failed to come to a clear conclusion as many studies found no significant effects of climate, while others did. In this paper, we aim to uncover a factor which likely contributes to the mixed picture in the literature: how migration flow data is obtained from migrant stock data. Using the influential study of Cattaneo and Peri (2016) as a workhorse, we demonstrate that the derived empirical results depend heavily on the applied method to derive migration flows. Therefore, our study reveals the necessity for future research on international migration to test the sensitivity of estimated effects to changes in the construction of migration flows.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14450
    Subjects: climate change; emigration; economic development; migration data
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  20. Asian economic development
    a primer
    Author: Athukorala, Premachandra
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, [Canberra]

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    Series: Working papers in trade and development ; no. 2020, 07
    Subjects: Asian century; economic development; structural change
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    Die Zählung sollte lauten: 2021, 07
  21. A diversification strategy for South Asia
    Author: Lian, Weicheng; Liu, Fei; Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna; Zhu, Biying
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    While South Asia has gone a long way in diversifying their economies, there is substantial scope to do more. Some countries - India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka - can build on their existing production capabilities; others - Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the... more

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    While South Asia has gone a long way in diversifying their economies, there is substantial scope to do more. Some countries - India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka - can build on their existing production capabilities; others - Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives - would need to undertake a more concerted push. We identify key policies from a large set of potential determinants that explain the variation in export diversification and complexity across 189 countries from 1962 to 2018. Our analysis suggests that South Asia needs to invest in infrastructure, education, and R and D, facilitate bank credit to productive companies, and open to trade in order to diversify and move up the value chains. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, investing in digital technologies as part of the infrastructure push and improving education are of even greater importance to facilitate the ability to work remotely and assist resource reallocation away from the less viable sectors

     
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  22. Chile
    a role model of export diversification policies?
    Author: Salinas, Gonzalo
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Largely because of its vast copper reserves, Chile's exports are highly concentrated on this low complexity product and this is often cited as a major drawback of its economic policy framework. However, its exogenous copper abundance conceals the... more

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    Largely because of its vast copper reserves, Chile's exports are highly concentrated on this low complexity product and this is often cited as a major drawback of its economic policy framework. However, its exogenous copper abundance conceals the country's success in developing non-mineral and complex exports. This achievement is remarkable considering its remoteness from the large international economic centers, which limits its integration to global value chains. As suggested in this paper, this accomplishment reflects Chile's strength in policy areas that foster non-mineral exports (including complex exports), making the country a role model in export diversification and complexity policies among emerging market countries

     
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  23. Economics and family structures
    Author: Baudin, Thomas; Rock, Bram de; Gobbi, Paula E.
    Published: 06 September 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP16516
    Subjects: Family structures; economic development; Household decisions
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  24. Global value chains - a Panacea for development?
    Author: Dünhaupt, Petra; Herr, Hansjörg
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy Berlin, Berlin

    In the last decades in particular, national governments as well as development agencies and international organizations have increasingly turned to participation in global value chains (GVCs) as a development strategy. However, whether the positive... more

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    In the last decades in particular, national governments as well as development agencies and international organizations have increasingly turned to participation in global value chains (GVCs) as a development strategy. However, whether the positive development effects of integration are large enough to warrant trade liberalization cannot be answered in a straightforward manner. In this article, we show how development recommendations by international institutions and Western governments have changed since World War II and now ultimately recommend integration into GVCs. Deregulation and liberalization of international trade and capital flows have fueled two opposing trends, which also affect GVCs: on the one hand, there is increasing concentration at the corporate level. On the other hand, globalization has resulted in more countries participating in international trade including via industrial production. Both developments have led to multinationals being able to expand their rent-seeking opportunities while also reducing production costs, especially for simple manufactured goods. Today, it is no longer sufficient for a country to industrialize in order to catch up with the rest of the world, as the prices for industrial goods and quality of productions have fallen tremendously in some cases, at least in comparison to developed countries. Integration into GVCs seems to provide only minimal macroeconomic benefits beyond the positive effects for individual companies and sectors. Industrial policy therefore seems indispensable for catch-up development.

     
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    Series: Working paper / Institute for International Political Economy Berlin ; no. 165 (2021)
    Subjects: Global Value Chains; economic development; industrial policy; export market share concentration; import price development
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  25. Adapting competition law and policy for economic development
    Asian illustrations
    Author: Ravago, Majah-Leah V.; Roumasset, James Alan; Balisacan, Arsenio M.
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Economics, Honolulu, HI

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 676
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper series / University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Economics ; no. 21, 03
    Subjects: Competition policy,antitrust; economic development; economic growth; Asia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen