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  1. A scenario analysis of the potential effects of decarbonization on the profitability of the energy-intensive and natural-resource-based industries
    Author: Andersson, Fredrik N. G.
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Lund

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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/260338
    Series: Working paper / Department of Economics, Lund University ; 2021, 18
    Subjects: decarbonization; energy-intensive; industry; profitability; investment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The economics of variable renewables and electricity storage
    Author: López Prol, Javier; Schill, Wolf-Peter
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Verein für Socialpolitik, [Köln]

    The transformation of the electricity sector is a main element of the transition to a decarbonized economy. Conventional generators powered by fossil fuels have to be replaced by variable renewable energy (VRE) sources in combination with electricity... more

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    The transformation of the electricity sector is a main element of the transition to a decarbonized economy. Conventional generators powered by fossil fuels have to be replaced by variable renewable energy (VRE) sources in combination with electricity storage and other options for providing temporal flexibility. We discuss the market dynamics of increasing VRE penetration and their integration in the electricity system. We describe the merit-order effect (decline of wholesale electricity prices as VRE penetration increases) and the cannibalization effect (decline of VRE value as their penetration increases). We further review the role of electricity storage and other flexibility options for integrating variable renewables, and how storage can contribute to mitigating the two mentioned effects. We also use a stylized open-source model to provide some graphical intuition on this. While relatively high shares of VRE are achievable with moderate amounts of electricity storage, the role of long-term storage increases as the VRE share approaches 100%.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/242463
    Series: Jahrestagung 2021 / Verein für Socialpolitik ; 122
    Subjects: energy transition; decarbonization; variable renewable energysources; electricity storage; merit-order effect; cannibalization effect
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Which industrial firms make decarbonization investments?
    Author: Faquet, Romain
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Trésor Direction Générale, [Paris]

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Documents de travail de la DG Trésor ; no 2021, 3 (Août 2021)
    Subjects: environmental investments; decarbonization; firms; manufacturing; greenhouse gas emissions
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. An Amazon tipping point
    the economic and environmental fallout
    Author: Banerjee, Onil; Cicowiez, Martín; Macedo, Marcia; Malek, Žiga; Verburg, Peter; Goodwin, Sean; Vargas, Renato; Rattis, Ludmila; Brando, Paulo M.; Coe, Michael T.; Neill, Christopher; Marti, Octavio Damiani
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    The Amazon biome, despite its resilience, is being pushed by unsustainable economic drivers towards an ecological tipping point where restoration to its previous state may no longer possible. This is the result of self-reinforcing interactions... more

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    The Amazon biome, despite its resilience, is being pushed by unsustainable economic drivers towards an ecological tipping point where restoration to its previous state may no longer possible. This is the result of self-reinforcing interactions between deforestation, climate change and fire. In this paper, we develop scenarios that represent movement towards an Amazon tipping point and strategies to avert one. We assess the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of these scenarios using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform linked with high resolution spatial land use land cover change and ecosystem services modeling (IEEMESM). This papers main contributions are developing: (i) a framework for evaluating strategies to avert an Amazon tipping point based on their relative costs, benefits and trade-offs, and; (ii) a first approximation of the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of movement towards an Amazon tipping point, and evidence to build the economic case for strategies to avert it. We find that a conservative estimate of the cumulative regional cost through 2050 of an Amazon tipping point would be US$256.6 billion in Gross Domestic Product. Policies that would contribute to averting a tipping point, including strongly reducing deforestation, investing in climate-adapted agriculture, and improving fire management, would generate approximately US$339.3 billion in additional wealth. From a public investment perspective, the returns to implementing strategies for averting a tipping point would be US$29.5 billion. Quantifying the costs, benefits and trade-offs of policies to avert a tipping point in a transparent and replicable manner can pave the way for evidence-based approaches to support policy action focusing on the design of regional strategies for the Amazon biome and catalyze global cooperation and financing to enable their implementation.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/237514
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01259
    Subjects: Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform; dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; ecosystem services modeling; agriculture; climate change; decarbonization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Decarbonization of Costa Rica's agriculture, forestry and other land uses sectors
    an application of the IEEM+ESM approach
    Author: Banerjee, Onil; Cicowiez, Martín; Vargas, Renato; Molina-Pérez, Edmundo; Malek, Žiga
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Environment, Rural Development and Disaster Risk Management Division, [Washington, DC]

    This paper evaluates the economic and environmental impacts of implementing Costa Ricas Decarbonization Plan, focusing specifically on the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) sectors. To do so, we apply the Integrated... more

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    This paper evaluates the economic and environmental impacts of implementing Costa Ricas Decarbonization Plan, focusing specifically on the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) sectors. To do so, we apply the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) framework for Costa Rica, linked with high resolution spatial land use land cover and ecosystem services modeling (IEEMESM). This is the first economy-wide analysis of Costa Ricas Decarbonization Plan that integrates both economic and ecosystem services impacts. Such an integrated approach is critical for understanding cross-sectoral implications of decarbonization despite the sector-specific focus of AFOLU, while considering the impacts on future ecosystem services flows and wealth. Our results indicate that the positive cumulative wealth impacts of the full decarbonization of Costa Ricas AFOLU sectors are on the order of US$8,747 million by 2050 and generally enhances the future flow of ecosystem services. Decarbonization of AFOLU is pro-poor, lifting 4,530 out of poverty by 2050. From a public investment perspective, decarbonization generates economic returns of US$1,114 million when natural capital and environmental quality are considered. The IEEMESM Platform developed in this paper provides a strong foundation for future analysis and refinement of proposed decarbonization strategies for the country, while weighing the relative costs and benefits of the economic, environmental and social dimensions in an integrated way.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/237484
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01200
    Subjects: Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform; dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; ecosystem services modeling; agriculture; climate change; decarbonization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The decarbonization of gas in the Southern Cone of South America
    Author: Gomes, Ieda; Caratori, Luciano; Carlino, Hernan; Delgado, Fernanda; Sousa, Luara
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, [Oxford]

    South America is endowed with vast energy resources and natural gas plays an important role in the supply of energy to the region. A few countries in the Southern Cone area such as Argentina, Brazil and Chile, also meet part of their demand needs... more

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    South America is endowed with vast energy resources and natural gas plays an important role in the supply of energy to the region. A few countries in the Southern Cone area such as Argentina, Brazil and Chile, also meet part of their demand needs with imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) and/or pipeline gas. In line with the objectives of diversifying to indigenous sources, reduce GHG emissions and advance the Paris Agenda towards net-zero emissions, there has been a push to increase the use of renewable sources in those countries, mainly solar and wind. In 2019 the installed capacity of wind energy more than doubled in Argentina year-on-year (albeit from a small base) whilst solar grew 19.6 per cent and 23.9 per cent in Brazil and Chile respectively. For many years, South American countries have been looking for viable ways to develop decarbonized gas such as biomethane, biogas and, more recently, hydrogen. This paper analyzes the efforts by Argentina, Brazil and Chile to decarbonize gas to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, including some significant projects already being developed and in operation. The paper also assesses the initiatives, timing and challenges, and describe the bottlenecks – including costs, infrastructure, financing and regulatory issues – impacting on the development of projects and the more widespread use of biogas, biomethane and hydrogen in these economies. Finally, the possibility of creating a regional market for decarbonized gas is investigated. Looking at the region overall, there is significant potential for biogas and biomethane in Argentina and Brazil, but less so in Chile. In order to realise that potential, particularly for biomethane further incentives and regulations will be required. For hydrogen, while PV seems to be the most competitive source for green hydrogen, levelised costs of green hydrogen remain at least double the cost of hydrogen from natural gas without CCUS. Although the three countries are pursuing decarbonised gas projects, initial planning is still in progress and there is a lack of sufficient coordination between government and policy makers to drive the development. Particularly for hydrogen, large scale developments are likely to be beyond the current NDC horizon of 2030, but putting a clear transition pathway in place soon will increase the likelihood of achieving the significant potential for decarbonized gases in the three Southern Cone countries.

     
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    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781784671891
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    hdl: 10419/253277
    Series: Array ; 05
    Subjects: `blue’ hydrogen; Argentina; biogas; Biomethane; Brazil; Chile; decarbonization; green hydrogen; Hydrogen; Natural gas; Renewable Energy; Southern Cone
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Rationalizing policy support for zero emission vehicles in Canada
    Author: Wigle, Randall M.; Kery, Istvan
    Published: March 18, 2021
    Publisher:  LCERPA, Laurier Centre for Economic Research & Policy Analysis, [Waterloo, ON]

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    Series: LCERPA working paper ; no. 2021, 3 (March 2021)
    Subjects: Nachhaltige Mobilität; Straßenverkehr; Kanada; decarbonization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 7 Seiten)
  8. From hierarchies to markets and partially back again in electricity: responding to deep decarbonization commitments and security of supply criteria
    Author: Joskow, Paul L.
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

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    Series: Working paper series / MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research ; 2021, 008
    Subjects: electricity; hybrid markets; security of supply; decarbonization; intermittency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Facilitating transmission expansion to support efficient decarbonization of the electricity sector
    Author: Joskow, Paul L.
    Published: June 2021
    Publisher:  MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

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    Series: Working paper series / MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research ; 2021, 009
    Subjects: electricity; transmission; decarbonization; wind generation; solar generation; regulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten)
  10. Decarbonisation through digitalisation
    proposals for transforming the energy sector
    Author: Strüker, Jens; Weibelzahl, Martin; Körner, Marc-Fabian; Kießling, Axel; Franke-Sluijk, Ariette; Herrmann, Mike
    Published: 30.09.2021
    Publisher:  Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

    The successful and rapid achievement of sustainability and climate protection goals is becoming an ever-greater focus of political, economic, and societal action. Against this background, the energy industry contributes and will further contribute to... more

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    The successful and rapid achievement of sustainability and climate protection goals is becoming an ever-greater focus of political, economic, and societal action. Against this background, the energy industry contributes and will further contribute to decarbonisation in Germany and throughout Europe. Indeed, it already provides a significant contribution to the Paris Agreement and European Green Deal. In this light, the next transformation phase to a sustainable energy system is inevitably linked to the modernisation and especially to the digitalisation of the energy industry. The aim of this thesis paper is to intensify the discussion on the digitalisation of the energy industry and, in particular, to outline recommendations for flexible and proactive action by all stakeholders. The University of Bayreuth, the Fraunhofer FIT Project Group Business & Information Systems Engineering and the European transmission system operator TenneT are united by the vision of climate-neutral economic growth based on the innovative strength of the European economy. In 2021, decarbonisation is already shaping the digitalisation of the energy industry. Following on from the steps initiated in recent years to move the energy industry towards greater sustainability in the course of the energy transition, the main concern now is to accelerate sustainable growth while continuing to keep the energy supply secure and economical. A crucial building block in this development is the electrification of additional sectors. Accordingly, we discuss the role of grid expansion with respect to sector coupling and emphasise the digitalisation of end-to-end energy industry processes. In this context, we see decentralised digital identities as a promising way of bridging the current digital gap and addressing the need for digital certificates for thorough decarbonisation. In view of the urgency of climate policy action, we recommend an appropriate innovation policy to enable promising solutions to be tested in an agile way and findings to be drawn rapidly. Finally, we offer an overview of the monitoring of carbon emissions in grid expansion projects. This paper is aimed at political decision-makers, energy industry stakeholders, and all citizens interested in energy policy.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243163
    Series: Bayreuther Arbeitspapiere zur Wirtschaftsinformatik ; no. 69 (September 2021)
    Subjects: Digitalization; decarbonization; energy industry; CO2
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  11. Taxation of carbon emissions and air pollution in intertemporal optimization frameworks with social and private discount rates
    Author: Mier, Mathias; Adelowo, Jacqueline; Weissbart, Christoph
    Published: October 2021
    Publisher:  ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Current policies focus on reducing CO2 emissions, neglecting the existence and impact of other air pollutants such as NO2, NH3, NMVOC, PPM10, PPM2.5, and SO2. We devise a strategy to model those emissions and related social cost accounting for... more

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    Current policies focus on reducing CO2 emissions, neglecting the existence and impact of other air pollutants such as NO2, NH3, NMVOC, PPM10, PPM2.5, and SO2. We devise a strategy to model those emissions and related social cost accounting for diverging social and private discount rates in an intertemporal optimization framework that aims to predict firm behavior. We derive optimal CO2 and air pollution taxes above the social cost of carbon or social cost of air pollution, respectively, when social discount rates are below private ones. We implement the modeling strategy in the EUREGEN model to determine the technology and emission mix of the European power market until 2050 and quantify aggregated social cost. No taxation yields aggregated social cost of 5,145 billion € in the period 2020 to 2050. Taxing CO2 emissions only leads to aggregated social cost of 794 billion € and promotes the deployment of CCS technologies. Taxing air pollution only results in aggregated social cost of 2,091 billion € and fosters the deployment of nuclear. Taxing both reduces cost to 622 billion €. Wind and solar are almost unaffected by internalization choices.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248558
    Series: Ifo working papers ; 360 (2021)
    Subjects: Taxation; intertemporal optimization; social cost; air pollution; carbon emission; externality; energy system model; power market model; decarbonization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe
  12. The role of CCUS in accelerating Canada's transition to net-zero
    Author: Ihejirika, Nnaziri
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, [Oxford]

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    ISBN: 9781784671846
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    hdl: 10419/246580
    Series: Array ; 02
    Subjects: "blue" hydrogen; Canada; Carbon pricing; CCUS; decarbonization; Energy Transition; Oil and Gas
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen