Skip to main navigation Skip to main content
info(at)avldigital.remove-this.de
Deutsch English
Narrow Search
Search narrowed by
Last searches

Results for *

Displaying results 26 to 45 of 45.

  1. Handbook on rapid estimates
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    In an ever more interconnected and interdependent world, where time is increasingly of the essence, more reliable and up-to-date data are needed to enable and support the process of effective decision making, e.g. via rapid estimates. This handbook... more

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    In an ever more interconnected and interdependent world, where time is increasingly of the essence, more reliable and up-to-date data are needed to enable and support the process of effective decision making, e.g. via rapid estimates. This handbook provides an overview of the different types of rapid estimates and the statistical and econometric methods for their construction. It also offers guidance for the implementation of rapid estimates in practice and their quality assessment.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279688973
    Other identifier:
    Edition: 2017 edition
    Series: Manuals and guidelines
    Subjects: Frühindikator; Prognoseverfahren; Wirtschaftsprognose; Statistische Methode; Modellierung; economic statistics; econometrics; statistical method; macroeconomics; economic indicator; data processing; economic forecasting; user guide
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 520 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Mapping of HTA national organisations, programmes and processes in EU and Norway
    Author: Chamova, Julia
    Published: May 2017
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The present study was undertaken at the request of the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission with the main objective of mapping the HTA organisations and processes in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA)... more

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The present study was undertaken at the request of the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission with the main objective of mapping the HTA organisations and processes in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA) countries to contribute to a better understanding of the current HTA organisational framework in the EU and EEA countries. The input of this study will be used, inter alia, as input for the impact assessment for an EU initiative on HTA. The mapping study was also a practical response to the HTA Network's request expressed in its multiannual work plan 2016-2020 to have an overview of the HTA processes and their organisation in the EU MS. The focus of the study was on organisational and processual /procedural aspects of the HTA process and delivery of HTA results to inform decision-making in the EU Member States and EEA countries at national (country) level. The mapping study output is a structured collection of information on the elements of the HTA process and organisational characteristics of the HTA bodies in the EU Member States and EEA countries, and includes - individual EU and EEA country HTA profiles and - a high-level overview of the HTA processes identifying key commonalities and differences in the EU Member States and EEA countries' HTA process organisation.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
  3. Commercial property price indicators
    sources, methods and issues
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    Developments in the real estate sector can have a strong impact on the economy, in particular on the financial system. For that reason, policymakers need relevant statistical information, including reliable indicators, to help identify the emergence... more

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Developments in the real estate sector can have a strong impact on the economy, in particular on the financial system. For that reason, policymakers need relevant statistical information, including reliable indicators, to help identify the emergence of systemic risks originating in the real estate sector. While the statistical coverage of the residential real estate market has much improved over the last decade, the commercial property sector was given less attention. The importance of measuring commercial property price indicators and the difficulties in properly doing so, particularly in the context of official statistics, were the driving force behind the production of this report. The primary aim is to outline concepts, methods, data sources and key issues so as to better inform compilers and users. The report makes a first attempt at setting out the wide range of challenges linked to the measurement of commercial property. It provides a basis for further work in this new area of statistics. 'Commercial property price indicators: sources, methods and issues' was written by leading academics in index number theory and experts in the compilation of real estate indicators. Its development was coordinated by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, with the collaboration of Bank of International Settlements (BIS), European Central Bank (ECB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), under the aegis of the Inter-Secretariat Working Group on Price Statistics (IWGPS).

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279639647
    Other identifier:
    Edition: 2017 edition
    Series: Statistical reports / Eurostat
    Subjects: Gewerbefläche; Preisindex; Indexberechnung; EU-Staaten; real property; real estate business; real estate market; price index; price indexing; source of information; data processing; data collection; statistical method
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 198 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Modelling metadata in central banks
    Author: Bholat, David
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This article discusses a small scale pilot to harmonise three Bank of England statistical and regulatory data forms. The primary purpose of the pilot was to assess opportunities for improved operational efficiency in regulatory reporting. The broader... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (13)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This article discusses a small scale pilot to harmonise three Bank of England statistical and regulatory data forms. The primary purpose of the pilot was to assess opportunities for improved operational efficiency in regulatory reporting. The broader purpose was to demonstrate how common data standards can be created from heterogeneous data sets. In the course of discussing the pilot, the article explains the history of how data has been collected at the Bank of England; how that process is changing in light of the Bank's Strategic Plan; and why a common data standard is a critical financial market infrastructure fundamental to the success of global regulatory reform.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289923439
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154648
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 13 (April 2016)
    Subjects: standard; bank; econometrics; data processing; central bank; economic statistics; financial statistics; microeconomics; financial market; public policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The bonsai and the gardener
    using flow data to better assess financial sector leverage
    Author: Villar Burke, Javier
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Europ. Comm., Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Brussels

    This paper discusses the concept of leverage, its components and how to measure and monitor it. It proposes an innovative approach to assessing leverage based on flows using the concept of a marginal leverage ratio, which reveals the leverage related... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Signature:
    EDZ online a
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 289 (500)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This paper discusses the concept of leverage, its components and how to measure and monitor it. It proposes an innovative approach to assessing leverage based on flows using the concept of a marginal leverage ratio, which reveals the leverage related to new activities, as a valuable supplement to the traditional absolute leverage ratio. The marginal leverage ratio can be used as an early warning tool to signal potential episodes of excessive leverage and to understand if, and how, banks deleverage. Besides capturing the leveraging-deleveraging cycles better than the absolute leverage ratio, the marginal leverage ratio provides an indication of risks that a stable absolute leverage ratio can conceal.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279285820
    Other identifier:
    Series: Array ; 500
    Subjects: Leverage; financial crisis; prudential requirements; data processing; fiscal policy; financial market; indebtedness; monetary crisis; economic indicator
    Scope: Online-Ressource (42 S.), graph. Darst.
  6. Systemic risk and home bias in the euro area
    Author: Battistini, Niccolò; Pagano, Marco; Simonelli, Saverio
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Europ. Comm., Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Brussels

    According to conventional indicators, the euro-area financial integration has receded since 2007, mainly in the money market, sovereign debt market and uncollateralized credit markets. But pricebased measures of debt market segmentation are... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Signature:
    EDZ online a
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 289 (494)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    According to conventional indicators, the euro-area financial integration has receded since 2007, mainly in the money market, sovereign debt market and uncollateralized credit markets. But pricebased measures of debt market segmentation are inappropriate when solvency risk differs across countries: only the component of yield differentials that is not a reward for the issuer's credit risk may reflect segmentation. We apply this idea to the euro sovereign debt market, using a dynamic factor model to decompose yield differentials in a country-specific and a common (or systemic) risk component. As the country-specific component dominates, purging yields from it produces much smaller measures of bond market segmentation than conventional ones for the crisis period. We also investigate how the home bias of banks' sovereign portfolios - a quantity-based measure of segmentation - is related to yield differentials, by estimating a vector error-correction model on 2008-12 monthly data. We find that the sovereign exposures of banks in most euro-area countries respond positively to increases in yields, especially in periphery countries. When yield differentials are decomposed in their country-risk and common-risk components, we find that: (i) in the periphery, banks respond to increases in country risk by increasing their domestic exposure, while in core countries they do not; (ii) in contrast, in most euro-area countries banks respond to an increase in the common risk factor by raising their domestic exposures. Finding (i) hints at distorted incentives in periphery banks' response to changes in their own sovereign's risk. Finding (ii) indicates that, when systemic risk increases, all banks tend to increase the home bias of their portfolios, making the euro-area sovereign market more segmented.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
  7. The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    Methodological report for the first wave / Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Network
    Published: [2013]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This report summarises the methodologies used in the first wave of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey, which provides household-level data collected in a harmonised way in 15 euro area countries for a sample of more than 62,000... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (1)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This report summarises the methodologies used in the first wave of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey, which provides household-level data collected in a harmonised way in 15 euro area countries for a sample of more than 62,000 households. The report presents the methodologies applied in areas such as data collection, sample design, weighting, imputation, and variance estimation. It also analyses issues like differential unit and item non-response and other issues that may have an effect on the comparability of the survey data across countries.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154636
    Parent title: The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey - Show all bands
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 1 (April 2013)
    Subjects: microeconomics; household consumption; consumer survey; household; data collection; data processing; distribution of wealth; statistical method
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    Results from the first wave / Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Network
    Published: [2013]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This report summarises key stylised facts from the first wave of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey, which provides household-level data collected in a harmonised way in 15 euro area countries for a sample of more than 62,000... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (2)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This report summarises key stylised facts from the first wave of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey, which provides household-level data collected in a harmonised way in 15 euro area countries for a sample of more than 62,000 households. The report presents results on household assets and liabilities, income, and indicators of consumption and credit constraints.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154637
    Parent title: The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey - Show all bands
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2 (April 2013)
    Subjects: microeconomics; household consumption; consumer survey; household; data collection; data processing; distribution of wealth; statistical method; euro area; debt; financial situation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Quality measures in non-random sampling
    MFI interest rate statistics
    Contributor: Bojaruniec, Piotr (MitwirkendeR); Huerga, Javier (MitwirkendeR); Pérez-Duarte, Sébastien (MitwirkendeR); Puigvert, Josep Maria (MitwirkendeR); Sandars, Patrick (MitwirkendeR); Wijas-Jensen, Justyna Anna (MitwirkendeR); Kofoed, Mandsberg, Rasmus (MitwirkendeR); Hofer, Christiane (MitwirkendeR); Reddig, Jörg (MitwirkendeR); Goggin, Jean (MitwirkendeR); Eleni, Starida (MitwirkendeR); Georgakopoulos, Vasilis (MitwirkendeR); Nega, Stamatina (MitwirkendeR); Casado, Antonio (MitwirkendeR); Montornes, Jérémi (MitwirkendeR); Buzzi, Maria Rosaria (MitwirkendeR); Stacchini, Massimiliano (MitwirkendeR); Švedas, Tomas (MitwirkendeR); Goes, Wim (MitwirkendeR); Bartmann, Martin (MitwirkendeR); Ciesla, Norbert (MitwirkendeR); Maitland-Smith, Fenella (MitwirkendeR); Anisha, Tibrewal (MitwirkendeR)
    Published: [2013]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Traditional literature on sampling techniques focuses mainly on statistical samples and covers non-random (non-statistical) samples only marginally. Nevertheless, there has been a recent revival of interest in non-statistical samples, given their... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (3)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Traditional literature on sampling techniques focuses mainly on statistical samples and covers non-random (non-statistical) samples only marginally. Nevertheless, there has been a recent revival of interest in non-statistical samples, given their widespread use in certain fields like government surveys and marketing research, or for audit purposes. This paper attempts to set up common rules for non-statistical samples in which only data on the largest institutions within each stratum are collected. This is done by focusing on the statistics compiled by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) on the interest rates of monetary financial institutions (MFIs) in countries of the European Union. The paper concludes by proposing a way of establishing common rules for non-statistical samples based on a synthetic measurement of a mean of absolute errors.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Bojaruniec, Piotr (MitwirkendeR); Huerga, Javier (MitwirkendeR); Pérez-Duarte, Sébastien (MitwirkendeR); Puigvert, Josep Maria (MitwirkendeR); Sandars, Patrick (MitwirkendeR); Wijas-Jensen, Justyna Anna (MitwirkendeR); Kofoed, Mandsberg, Rasmus (MitwirkendeR); Hofer, Christiane (MitwirkendeR); Reddig, Jörg (MitwirkendeR); Goggin, Jean (MitwirkendeR); Eleni, Starida (MitwirkendeR); Georgakopoulos, Vasilis (MitwirkendeR); Nega, Stamatina (MitwirkendeR); Casado, Antonio (MitwirkendeR); Montornes, Jérémi (MitwirkendeR); Buzzi, Maria Rosaria (MitwirkendeR); Stacchini, Massimiliano (MitwirkendeR); Švedas, Tomas (MitwirkendeR); Goes, Wim (MitwirkendeR); Bartmann, Martin (MitwirkendeR); Ciesla, Norbert (MitwirkendeR); Maitland-Smith, Fenella (MitwirkendeR); Anisha, Tibrewal (MitwirkendeR)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154638
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 3 (September 2013)
    Subjects: data collection; data processing; financial institution; monetary cooperation; economic statistics; sampling; statistical method; interest; economic survey; macroeconomics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Social media sentiment and consumer confidence
    Author: Daas, Piet J. H.; Puts, Marco
    Published: [2014]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Changes in the sentiment of Dutch public social media messages were compared with changes in monthly consumer confidence over a period of three-and-a-half years, revealing that both were highly correlated (up to r = 0.9) and that both series... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (5)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Changes in the sentiment of Dutch public social media messages were compared with changes in monthly consumer confidence over a period of three-and-a-half years, revealing that both were highly correlated (up to r = 0.9) and that both series cointegrated. This phenomenon is predominantly affected by changes in the sentiment of all Dutch public Facebook messages. The inclusion of various selections of public Twitter messages improved this association and the response to changes in sentiment. Granger causality studies revealed that it is more likely that changes in consumer confidence precede those in social media sentiment than vice-versa. A comparison of the development of various seven-day sentiment aggregates with the monthly consumer confidence series confirmed this finding and revealed that the social media sentiment lag is most likely in the order of seven days. This indicates that, because of the ease at which social media sentiment-based data are available and can be processed, they can be published before the official consumer confidence publication and certainly at a higher frequency. All research findings are consistent with the notion that changes in consumer confidence and social media sentiment are affected by an identical underlying phenomenon. An explanation for this phenomenon can be found in the Appraisal-Tendency Framework (Han et al. 2007), which is concerned with consumer decision-making. In this framework, it is claimed that a consumer decision is influenced by two kinds of emotions, namely the incidental and the integral. In this framework, the integral emotion is relevant for the decision at stake, whereas the incidental emotion is not. Based on this theory, consumer confidence is likely to be influenced mainly by the incidental emotion, as consumer confidence is also not measured in relation to an actual decision to buy something. This suggests that the sentiment in social media messages might reflect the incidental emotion in that part of the population that is active on social media. Because of the general nature of the latter, one could denote this the "mood" of the nation (Lansdall-Welfare et al., 2012) in the context of consumer decision-making. In the paper, the relationship between social media sentiment and consumer confidence is discussed in depth.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289914031
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154640
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 5 (September 2014)
    Subjects: virtual community; database; statistical method; econometrics; research and development; consumer behaviour; data processing; Netherlands
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Business models of the banks in the euro area
    Author: Farnè, Matteo; Vouldis, Angelos
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The paper identifies the business models followed by banks in the euro area, utilising a proprietary dataset collected in the context of the supervisory reporting of the Single Supervisory Mechanism. The concept of a 'business model' has been... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 534 (2070)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The paper identifies the business models followed by banks in the euro area, utilising a proprietary dataset collected in the context of the supervisory reporting of the Single Supervisory Mechanism. The concept of a 'business model' has been neglected by economic theory and is defined here with respect to the set of activities performed by banks. We adopt a clustering methodology to provide evidence for the existence of distinct business models. Clustering is combined with dimensionality reduction optimally, given the nature of our dataset which features a large number of dimensions for each bank ('fat' data). The method produces a level and a contrast factor which are intuitive in the economic sense. Four business models are identified alongside a set of 'outlier' banks that follow unique business models. The risk and performance indicators of each cluster are examined and evidence is provided that they follow distinct statistical distributions.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289927925
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/175694
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2070 (May 2017)
    Subjects: banking; banking supervision; data processing; euro area; financial institution; business administration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Between hawks and doves
    measuring central bank communication
    Author: Tobback, Ellen; Nardelli, Stefano; Martens, David
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We propose a Hawkish-Dovish (HD) indicator that measures the degree of 'hawkishness' or 'dovishness' of the media's perception of the ECB's tone at each press conference. We compare two methods to calculate the indicator: semantic orientation and... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 534 (2085)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    We propose a Hawkish-Dovish (HD) indicator that measures the degree of 'hawkishness' or 'dovishness' of the media's perception of the ECB's tone at each press conference. We compare two methods to calculate the indicator: semantic orientation and Support Vector Machines text classification. We show that the latter method tends to provide more stable and accurate measurements of perception on a labelled test set. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential use of this indicator with several applications: we perform a correlation analysis with a set of interest rates, use Latent Dirichlet Allocation to detect the dominant topics in the news articles, and estimate a set of Taylor rules. The findings provide decisive evidence in favour of using an advanced text mining classification model to measure the medias perception and the Taylor rule application confirms that communication plays a significant role in enhancing the accuracy when trying to estimate the bank's reaction function.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289928076
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/175709
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2085 (July 2017)
    Subjects: monetary policy; banking policy; economic indicator; disclosure of information; data processing; quantitative analysis; European Central Bank
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Grundlagen und Methoden von GKV-Routinedatenstudien
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Leibniz Univ., [Wirtschaftswiss. Fak.], Hannover

    Routinedatenstudien können den Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens nützliche Informationen liefern. Infolgedessen hat die Bedeutung und wissenschaftliche Nutzung von Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in den letzten Jahren stetig an... more

    Location:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 8 (534)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Routinedatenstudien können den Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens nützliche Informationen liefern. Infolgedessen hat die Bedeutung und wissenschaftliche Nutzung von Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in den letzten Jahren stetig an Relevanz gewonnen. Bisher liegen nur sehr allgemeine Leitlinien in Bezug auf einzelne Prozessschritte einer GKV-Routinedatenstudie vor. Ziel dieses Diskussionspapier ist es daher, eine detaillierte Übersicht über relevante konzeptionelle und methodische Aspekte bei der Durchführung von GKV-Routinedatenstudien zu entwickeln, um qualitativ hochwertigere, transparentere und vergleichbarere Studien zu erhalten und den methodischen Austausch weiter zu fördern. Dabei werden die vielfältigen Publikationen auf dem Gebiet der GKV-Routinedaten systematisch aufgearbeitet sowie die Vor- und Nachteile unterschiedlicher methodischer Herangehensweisen diskutiert. Claims data studies are becoming an increasingly important source of information for healthcare stakeholders. The importance and scientific use of claims data of the statutory health funds has further increased. We saw a general lack of elaborated recommendations for best practices in this field and a need for a thorough overview of published methods used in each step of conducting a claims data study. This discussion paper examines and compares conceptual and methodological approaches used in claims data studies aiming to stimulate discussion on quality of the studies and to promote creation of standards and guidelines for consistent and transparent claims data studies and reports. Our results emphasize the importance guidelines in the field of claims data analyses and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/107639
    Series: Diskussionspapier / [Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät,] Leibniz University of Hannover ; 534
    Subjects: GKV-Routinedaten; Datenkategorien; Studiendesigns; Validierung; Datenaufbereitung; claims data; data categories; study design; validation; data processing; best practices
    Scope: Online-Ressource (146 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Die vorliegende Studie wurde durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  14. Data sources for the timely monitoring of the social situation in EU member states
    Author: Minty, Paul; Maquet-Engsted, Isabelle
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This paper reviews the current problems in obtaining timely information on social developments within EU Member States, and reports on a stocktaking exercise of existing national approaches to providing timely social data, as well as the... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Signature:
    EDZ online a
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 422 (2013,2)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This paper reviews the current problems in obtaining timely information on social developments within EU Member States, and reports on a stocktaking exercise of existing national approaches to providing timely social data, as well as the possibilities that are being explored within the framework of the European Statistical System (ESS) to improve the situation. Making use of sources of information going beyond the more traditional indicators available to monitor poverty and inequalities, the paper also presents some illustrative, concise overviews which have been developed to produce a consistent and more timely picture of recent social developments in eight Member States, among those that have been most affected by the crisis. This shows that in the countries reviewed the working age population has been the most affected by the impact of the economic downturn and subsequent fiscal consolidation measures. The most recent data also points to a severe deterioration of social trends in a few countries, including the weakening of safety nets.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279305399
    Other identifier:
    Series: Working paper / European Commission ; 2013,2
    Subjects: Soziale Lage; Dauer; Messung; Armut; Soziale Ausgrenzung; Datenerhebung; Datenverarbeitung; EU-Staaten; social policy; data processing; public finance; public expenditure; EU statistics; social analysis; austerity policy; EU Member State
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Nowcasting GDP with electronic payments data
    Author: Galbraith, John W.; Tkacz, Greg
    Published: [2015]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We assess the usefulness of a large set of electronic payments data comprising debit and credit card transactions, as well as cheques that clear through the banking system, as potential indicators of current GDP growth. These variables capture a... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (10)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    We assess the usefulness of a large set of electronic payments data comprising debit and credit card transactions, as well as cheques that clear through the banking system, as potential indicators of current GDP growth. These variables capture a broad range of spending activity and are available on a very timely basis, making them suitable current indicators. While every transaction made with these payment mechanisms is in principle observable, the data are aggregated for macroeconomic forecasting. Controlling for the release dates of each of a set of indicators, we generated nowcasts of GDP growth for a given quarter over a span of five months, which is the period over which interest in nowcasts would exist. We find that nowcast errors fall by about 65 per cent between the first and final nowcast. Evidence on the value of the additional payments variables suggests that there may be modest reductions in forecast loss, tending to appear in nowcasts produced at the beginning of a quarter. Among the payments variables considered, debit card transactions appear to produce the greatest improvements in forecast accuracy.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289919067
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154645
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 10 (August 2015)
    Subjects: electronic money; banking system; short-term forecast; gross domestic product; data processing; economic cycle; macroeconomics; economic model
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The Bank for the Accounts of Companies Harmonized (BACH) database
    Contributor: Tarta, Alina (MitwirkendeR); Almeida, Ana Margarida de (MitwirkendeR); De Socio, Antonio (MitwirkendeR); Gutiérrez del Olmo, Begoña (MitwirkendeR); Wtulich, Bozena (MitwirkendeR); Buydens, Cécile (MitwirkendeR); Lemmens-Dirix, Chantal (MitwirkendeR); Cahn, Christophe (MitwirkendeR); Sokolowska, Ewa (MitwirkendeR); Albuquerque, Fábio (MitwirkendeR); Balda, Fabrizio (MitwirkendeR); Lemaire, Franck (MitwirkendeR); Demarteau, Henri (MitwirkendeR); Cano, José Ramón (MitwirkendeR); Thiebot-Goget, Karelle (MitwirkendeR); Holstein, Lars (MitwirkendeR); Ángel Maza, Luis (MitwirkendeR); Brites, Margarida (MitwirkendeR); Bürker, Matthias (MitwirkendeR); Kalous, Miroslav (MitwirkendeR); Gonzalez, Patricia (MitwirkendeR); Menezes, Paula (MitwirkendeR); Konczer, Reinhard (MitwirkendeR); Pérez-Duarte, Sébastien (MitwirkendeR); Jørgensen, Stinne Skriver (MitwirkendeR); Eder, Tomáš (MitwirkendeR); Silveira, Vítor Lopes (MitwirkendeR)
    Published: [2015]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The Bank for the Accounts of Companies Harmonized (BACH) is a free-of-charge database containing the aggregated accounting data of non-financial incorporated enterprises for, so far, 11 European countries. While the individual accounts feeding the... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (11)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    The Bank for the Accounts of Companies Harmonized (BACH) is a free-of-charge database containing the aggregated accounting data of non-financial incorporated enterprises for, so far, 11 European countries. While the individual accounts feeding the database were originally prepared in line with national accounting standards consistent with European Accounting Directives, they have been harmonised with a view to preserving, to the greatest extent possible, the cross-country comparability of the resulting data. This article presents the methodology underpinning BACH, including the content of the database. It describes the characteristics of national samples and outlines the harmonisation process. BACH is a unique tool for analysing and comparing the financial structure and performance of firms across European countries. A simple case study is also presented in support.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Contributor: Tarta, Alina (MitwirkendeR); Almeida, Ana Margarida de (MitwirkendeR); De Socio, Antonio (MitwirkendeR); Gutiérrez del Olmo, Begoña (MitwirkendeR); Wtulich, Bozena (MitwirkendeR); Buydens, Cécile (MitwirkendeR); Lemmens-Dirix, Chantal (MitwirkendeR); Cahn, Christophe (MitwirkendeR); Sokolowska, Ewa (MitwirkendeR); Albuquerque, Fábio (MitwirkendeR); Balda, Fabrizio (MitwirkendeR); Lemaire, Franck (MitwirkendeR); Demarteau, Henri (MitwirkendeR); Cano, José Ramón (MitwirkendeR); Thiebot-Goget, Karelle (MitwirkendeR); Holstein, Lars (MitwirkendeR); Ángel Maza, Luis (MitwirkendeR); Brites, Margarida (MitwirkendeR); Bürker, Matthias (MitwirkendeR); Kalous, Miroslav (MitwirkendeR); Gonzalez, Patricia (MitwirkendeR); Menezes, Paula (MitwirkendeR); Konczer, Reinhard (MitwirkendeR); Pérez-Duarte, Sébastien (MitwirkendeR); Jørgensen, Stinne Skriver (MitwirkendeR); Eder, Tomáš (MitwirkendeR); Silveira, Vítor Lopes (MitwirkendeR)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289919074
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154646
    Corporations / Congresses:
    BACH Working Group (VerfasserIn)
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 11 (September 2015)
    Subjects: statistics; accounting; standardised accounting system; database; data processing; European company
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Members of the BACH WG: Alina Tarta, Ana Margarida de Almeida, Antonio De Socio, Begoña Gutiérrez del Olmo, Bozena Wtulich, Cécile Buydens, Chantal Lemmens-Dirix, Christophe Cahn, Ewa Sokolowska, Fábio Albuquerque, Fabrizio Balda, Franck Lemaire, Henri Demarteau, José Ramón Cano, Karelle Thiebot-Goget, Lars Holstein, Luis Ángel Maza, Margarida Brites, Matthias Bürker, Miroslav Kalous, Patricia Gonzalez, Paula Menezes, Reinhard Konczer, Sébastien Pérez-Duarte, Stinne Skriver Jørgensen, Tomáš Eder, Vítor Lopes Silveira - Seite 59
  17. Measuring non-response bias in a cross-country enterprise survey
    Author: Bańkowska, Katarzyna; Osiewicz, Małgorzata; Pérez-Duarte, Sébastien
    Published: [2015]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Non-response is a common issue affecting the vast majority of surveys, and low nonresponse is usually associated with higher quality. However, efforts to convince unwilling respondents to participate in a survey might not necessarily result in a... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (12)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    Non-response is a common issue affecting the vast majority of surveys, and low nonresponse is usually associated with higher quality. However, efforts to convince unwilling respondents to participate in a survey might not necessarily result in a better picture of the target population. It can lead to higher, rather than lower, nonresponse bias, for example if incentives are effective only for particular groups, e.g. in a business survey, if the incentives tend to attract mainly larger companies or enterprises encountering financial difficulties. We investigate the impact of non-response in the European Commission and European Central Bank Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE), which collects evidence on the financing conditions faced by European small and medium-sized enterprises compared with those of large firms. This survey, which has been conducted by telephone biannually since 2009 by the European Central Bank and the European Commission, provides a valuable means of searching for this kind of bias, given the high heterogeneity of response propensities across countries. The study relies on so-called "Representativity Indicators" developed within the Representativity Indicators of Survey Quality (RISQ) project, which measure the distance to a fully representative response. On this basis, we examine the quality of the SAFE at different stages of the fieldwork as well as across different survey waves and countries. The RISQ methodology relies on rich sampling frame information, although this is partially limited in the case of the SAFE. To enrich this frame information, we also assess the representativity of a SAFE subsample created by linking the survey responses with the companies' financial information as obtained from a business register. This subsampling is another potential source of bias which we also attempt to quantify. Finally, we suggest possible ways of improving the monitoring of the non-response bias in future rounds of the survey.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289919081
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154647
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 12 (December 2015)
    Subjects: statistics; type of business; econometrics; data processing; microeconomics; economic survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    methodological report for the second wave
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    At the end of 2006, the ECB Governing Council set up the Household Finance and Consumption Network (HFCN). The network is composed of researchers, statisticians and survey specialists from the ECB, European national central banks (NCBs), some... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (17)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    At the end of 2006, the ECB Governing Council set up the Household Finance and Consumption Network (HFCN). The network is composed of researchers, statisticians and survey specialists from the ECB, European national central banks (NCBs), some national statistical institutes (NSIs), and a number of experts in the field of household finances who act as consultants. The mandate given to the HFCN is to develop and conduct the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), and act as a forum for research with the survey data. While participation in the HFCN is purely voluntary, all euro area NCBs contribute to the HFCN and conduct the survey in their respective countries. In addition, several non-euro area NCBs participate as observers and, starting in the second wave, conducted the survey.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289926430
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154652
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 17 (December 2016)
    Subjects: microeconomics; household consumption; consumer survey; household; data collection; data processing; distribution of wealth; statistical method; euro area; debt; financial situation; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 112 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    results from the second wave
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This report summarises key stylised facts from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) about assets and liabilities, income, and indicators of consumption and credit constraints. The second wave of the HFCS provides individual household... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 536 (18)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This report summarises key stylised facts from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) about assets and liabilities, income, and indicators of consumption and credit constraints. The second wave of the HFCS provides individual household data collected in a harmonised way in 18 euro area countries (i.e. all the euro area countries except Lithuania), as well as in Hungary and Poland.1 The total sample size is composed of more than 84,000 households. Although the survey does not refer to the same time period in all countries, the most common reference period for the data is 2014. The most common reference period for the first wave was 2010.2 The survey provides unrivalled insight into the distribution of household net wealth and its components in the euro area. However, it does not offer a complete picture of household wealth: for example, it does not include the present value of all future expected pensions, which for many households constitute a sizeable fraction of their wealth.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289926447
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154653
    Series: Statistics paper series / European Central Bank ; no 18 (December 2016)
    Subjects: microeconomics; household consumption; consumer survey; household; data collection; data processing; distribution of wealth; statistical method; euro area; debt; financial situation; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Have monetary data releases helped markets to predict the interest rate decisions of the European Central Bank?
    Author: Jung, Alexander
    Published: 01 Jul 2016
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper examines whether monetary data releases by the European Central Bank (ECB) have provided markets with additional clues about the future course of its monetary policy. It conducts a novel econometric approach based on a combination of an... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 534 (1926)
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This paper examines whether monetary data releases by the European Central Bank (ECB) have provided markets with additional clues about the future course of its monetary policy. It conducts a novel econometric approach based on a combination of an Ordered Probit model explaining future policy rate changes (sample 2000 to 2014) and the Vuong test for model selection. Overall, our results suggest that information contained in press releases on monetary developments for the euro area has helped markets in forming their expectations on the next monetary policy decision.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
    Content information
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289921749
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/154359
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 1926 (July 2016)
    Subjects: European Central Bank; data processing; economic forecasting; econometrics; decision-making; monetary policy; banking policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen