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  1. Carbon intensity and corporate performance
    a micro-level study of EU ETS industrial firms
    Author: Cameron, Aliénor; Garrone, Maria
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    To reach its 2050 objective of carbon neutrality, the European Union (EU) must continue to step up its climate efforts, while ensuring the competitiveness of its industries is not harmed. The EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is at the core of the... more

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    To reach its 2050 objective of carbon neutrality, the European Union (EU) must continue to step up its climate efforts, while ensuring the competitiveness of its industries is not harmed. The EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is at the core of the bloc's industrial decarbonization efforts. This paper explores this topic by digging into whether there is a causal relationship between industrial firms' emission intensity and their economic and financial performance. We construct a dataset covering around 1,200 industrial firms covered by the EU ETS' third phase and estimate a novel indicator of volume-based emission intensities for these firms. Applying an IV approach to a within-firm panel model, we find that firms' emission intensity is negatively related to their corporate performance, and that this is especially true for firms that reduced their emission intensity. When we explicitly control for the competitive environment firms operate in, this result remains robust.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268164754
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    Edition: 1st edition
    Series: Single market economics papers ; Working Paper 24
    Subjects: EU ETS; emission intensity; corporate performance; heavy industry; EU Emissions Trading Scheme; single market; performance measurement; competitiveness; carbon neutrality; conference proceedings
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten)
  2. In-depth review 2024
    Slovakia
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This in-depth review (IDR) analyses the extent of Slovakia's vulnerabilities related to cost competitiveness, external accounts, house prices and household debt. Last year, an in-depth review was undertaken for Slovakia, and the Commission concluded... more

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    This in-depth review (IDR) analyses the extent of Slovakia's vulnerabilities related to cost competitiveness, external accounts, house prices and household debt. Last year, an in-depth review was undertaken for Slovakia, and the Commission concluded that Slovakia was not experiencing imbalances, as its vulnerabilities seemed overall contained in the near future and were expected to ease as economic conditions normalised. This year's IDR, which follows the 2024 Alert Mechanism Report (AMR)published in November 2023, again examines these, and any newly emerging vulnerabilities, and their implications.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268137772
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    Series: Array ; 276 (March 2024)
    Subjects: macroeconomics; euro area; loan; financial stability; financial supervision; household consumption; gross domestic product; inflation; competitiveness; economic independence; economic forecasting; Slovakia; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  3. In-depth review 2024
    France
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This in-depth review (IDR) analyses the evolution of France's vulnerabilities related to high government debt and competitiveness, in a context of low productivity growth, which carry cross-border relevance, and possibly newly emerging risks. This... more

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    This in-depth review (IDR) analyses the evolution of France's vulnerabilities related to high government debt and competitiveness, in a context of low productivity growth, which carry cross-border relevance, and possibly newly emerging risks. This year's IDR, which follows the 2024 Alert Mechanism Report (AMR) published in November 2023, assesses the persistence or unwinding of the vulnerabilities identified last year, potential emerging risks, and relevant policy progress and policy options that could be considered for the future. Given the size of the French economy and its interlinkages with the other Member States, these vulnerabilities have a cross-border relevance.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268137833
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    Series: Array ; 282 (April 2024)
    Subjects: macroeconomics; euro area; loan; financial stability; financial supervision; household consumption; gross domestic product; inflation; competitiveness; economic growth; labour market; economic recovery; France
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  4. A positive trade-off
    emissions reduction and costs under Phase IV of the Emissions Trading System
    Author: Hagendorn, Jan Eric; Hattemer, Benjamin; Kalantzis, Fotios
    Published: October 2024
    Publisher:  European Investment Bank, Luxembourg

    This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on the manufacturing sector, a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions within the EU. The ETS, a market-based policy tool, imposes a cap on emissions while... more

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    This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on the manufacturing sector, a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions within the EU. The ETS, a market-based policy tool, imposes a cap on emissions while enabling firms to trade emission allowances. Allocation of free allowances varies across sectors based on their carbon leakage status, indicative of the risk of losing competitiveness and relocating production to regions with less stringent climate policies. Leveraging a natural experiment design that exploits this variability, we employ a panel regression analysis at the sectorial level spanning 2012 to 2022 to examine how ETS prices influence sectors' carbon efficiency, direct emissions, production and prices, while controlling for other confounding factors. By contrasting the effects of ETS prices between sectors transitioning from carbon leakage status to facing higher allowance costs in Phase IV and those retaining their status across Phases III and IV, we also determine potential disparities in ETS price impacts. Additionally, we shed light on the mechanism of investment through which the EU ETS induces firms to reduce their emissions by employing a mediation analysis. Our analysis reveals that elevated ETS prices foster carbon efficiency and emission reduction, with marginal effects on production and prices. Notably, this effect is more pronounced for sectors transitioning from free to auctioned allowances. We identify investment as a key channel, which mediates the effect of ETS prices on the carbon efficiency of firms. Thus, our findings suggest that a reduction in free allowances combined with escalating ETS prices, mediated by increased investment, can bolster the environmental performance of the EU manufacturing sector without significantly compromising its competitive position.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789286158285
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    hdl: 10419/306346
    Series: Economics - working papers ; 2024, 05
    Subjects: EU ETS; Phase IV; Joint impact analysis; Mediation analysis; carbon neutrality; EU emission allowance; price of energy; greenhouse gas; competitiveness; production; investment; processing industry; environmental auditing; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  5. Price pass-through of CO2 costs
    Author: Breitschopf, Barbara; Lotz, Meta Thurid; Marscheider-Weidemann, Frank
    Published: July 2024
    Publisher:  Fraunhofer Institute for Systems und Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

    The price pass-through of CO2 costs was analysed for HRC and PE/PP products as parts of a BEV. It was revealed that the feasibility of transferring these costs hinges on a company's ability to dictate prices, either as a significant player in... more

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    The price pass-through of CO2 costs was analysed for HRC and PE/PP products as parts of a BEV. It was revealed that the feasibility of transferring these costs hinges on a company's ability to dictate prices, either as a significant player in international markets or through bilateral agreements. While the data and information gathered shed light on the complexity of business relationships and markets, it unequivocally demonstrates that the question of price pass-through is far from being answered straightforward. Low transparency about various business relations and markets, lack of information on specific production volumes, inputs, and current cost and pricing data were identified as critical hindrances to assessing the pass-through of prices, despite the existence of scientific concepts. Within the industry, a few companies may possess a strong foothold in the global market and be equipped to navigate elevated costs without external intervention, whereas others may lack the means to offset cost increases due to CO2 prices. Policymakers are thus faced with the challenge of formulating targeted policies for less competitive companies and industries expected to lose market shares due to CO2 pricing, while refraining from interfering with those capable of robust market competition. In essence, the domestic imposition of CO2 pricing poses a significant threat to the price competitiveness of the domestic carbon-intensive industry. A welldesigned CBAM is imperative, yet its effectiveness on global prices also hinges on whether global producers are subject to CO2 emission costs. Should global producers remain unaffected by such expenses, many European producers are likely to encounter a general cost disadvantage when exporting to the international market.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/300575
    Series: Working paper sustainability and innovation ; no. S 2024, 02
    Subjects: competitiveness; CO2 prices; chemical and steal industry
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The EU Regional Social Progress Index 2.0
    2024 edition
    Author: De Dominicisi, Laura; Cabeza Martinez, Begoña; Kovacic, Matija; Papadimitriou, Eleni
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    Measuring economic development beyond GDP is of paramount importance for fostering regional cohesion, promoting inclusive growth, and advancing sustainable development. Therefore, there is a growing emphasis in the European Union on incorporating... more

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    Measuring economic development beyond GDP is of paramount importance for fostering regional cohesion, promoting inclusive growth, and advancing sustainable development. Therefore, there is a growing emphasis in the European Union on incorporating alternative metrics that offer a more comprehensive assessment of progress and well-being across EU regions. Against this backdrop, the EU regional Social Progress Index (EU-SPI) has proved to be a valuable tool, complementing traditional economic indicators by capturing a broader range of social factors contributing to well-being. The 2024 edition of the EU-SPI seeks to improve the previous editions of the index making it an even more powerful tool in measuring social progress across EU regions in its many dimensions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268124819
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    Series: Working papers / Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy ; WP 2024, 1
    Subjects: EU regional policy; competitiveness; economic indicator; economic statistics; nomenclature
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
  7. Ukraine's future competitiveness
    directions for structural shifts in foreign trade and investment
    Author: Movčan, Veronika; Pindyuk, Olga
    Published: [April 2024]
    Publisher:  Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh ; The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, Vienna

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Grieveson, Richard (MitwirkendeR); Kosmehl, Miriam (MitwirkendeR); Weiss, Stefani (MitwirkendeR)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: reconstruction; trade; FDI; competitiveness; global value chains; EU integration; digitalisation; green transition; critical minerals; economic security; European Union; Russia; Ukraine
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. National productivity boards after seven years
    an assessment
    Author: Garcia, Luis; Leodolter, Alexander; Turrini, Alessandro
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    National Productivity Boards (NPBs) aim to foster debate relating to productivity and competitiveness and enhance policy making in these areas. In 2016, the Council of the European Union called on all euro area Member States to set up an NPB with... more

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    National Productivity Boards (NPBs) aim to foster debate relating to productivity and competitiveness and enhance policy making in these areas. In 2016, the Council of the European Union called on all euro area Member States to set up an NPB with characteristics such as independence and capacity to carry out high-quality analyses. The non-euro area Member States were also encouraged to establish similar bodies. More than seven years after the adoption of the NPB recommendation, the network of NPBs is well established. Through the annual reports, NPBs discuss productivity trends, productivity drivers and policies as well as economic developments with an impact on productivity and competitiveness. In most cases, NPB characteristics are broadly in line with those of the recommendation. However, not all EU Member States have an NPB in place and there are considerable differences in NPBs' institutional design, capacity, and involvement in policy making. This paper updates the assessment made in the 2019 and 2021 European Commission progress reports on the implementation of the NPB recommendation. It also identifies gaps with respect to additional criteria for NPB effectiveness found in the existing literature, this being its main novelty. Findings suggest that NPBs would especially benefit from stronger provisions to guarantee independence and adequate resources and from practices boosting their participation in domestic policy making.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268018217
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    Series: Array ; 203 (May 2024)
    Subjects: National Productivity Boards; productivity; competitiveness; economic policy; innovation; policymaking
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  9. Protecting competition in a changing world
    evidence on the evolution of competition in the EU during the past 25 years
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    Competition between firms takes place in an evolving economic and policy environment. The present report seeks to assess how the conditions of competition have changed in the EU over the past 25 years and what may have been the main drivers of those... more

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    Competition between firms takes place in an evolving economic and policy environment. The present report seeks to assess how the conditions of competition have changed in the EU over the past 25 years and what may have been the main drivers of those changes. It also seeks to assess how effective or weak competition impacts competitiveness and overall economic growth in the EU. It draws on contributions from the OECD, a consortium of researchers led by Lear and by DG Competition itself. Research presented in the first part of the present report suggests that, on average and in a wide range of sectors in the EU over the past 25 years, (i) concentration at both industry and market level has increased, (ii) markups and profits in particular at the top of the distribution have increased, (iii) the gap between industry leaders and followers as regards markups, profits and productivity has increased, and (iv) business dynamism as measured by indicators such as market share volatility between leading firms or entry and exit rates has declined. A new study on the evolution of the profits of the world's 50 most profitable large firms suggests that the average profit rates of these so-called 'global superstars' almost doubled, growing from 11% in 1998 to 20% in 2022. The trends in the EU regarding concentration, markups and profits seem to have gone in the same direction as in other advanced economies, although they appear to be somewhat less pronounced than in the U.S.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268181072
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    Subjects: competitiveness; economic analysis; competition; single market; economic growth; EU Member State; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 203 Seiten)
  10. Tracking country innovation performance
    the Innovation Output Indicator 2023
    Author: Bello, Michela; Ravanos, Panagiotis; Smallenbroek, Oscar
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This report presents the 2023 results of the Innovation Output Indicator (IOI), a composite indicator published by the European Commission since 2013 to offer an output-focused metric of innovation performance at the country and EU levels. The IOI... more

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    This report presents the 2023 results of the Innovation Output Indicator (IOI), a composite indicator published by the European Commission since 2013 to offer an output-focused metric of innovation performance at the country and EU levels. The IOI measures countries' capacity to derive economic benefits from innovation by tracking the extent to which innovative ideas reach the market, create knowledge-intensive jobs, and increase country technological capability. The report presents the latest figures for the composite index and its underlying indicators for 46 countries, including European Union (EU) Member States (MSs) and selected EFTA, OECD and emerging economies. According to the IOI, Sweden and Germany are the best performers in the EU and are followed by Finland, and Ireland. Germany outperforms the other EU countries in the domestic value added content of its knowledge-intensive manufacturing exports, whereas Sweden is very strong in terms of IP applications. Conversely, Romania, Latvia and Poland reported the lowest performance among EU countries. The EU, as a single block, leads New Zealand, Australia, China, and Brazil, but it still lags behind its main competitors, including United States, South Korea and Japan. The largest improvements over time in the IOI were achieved by South Korea, Japan, Norway, and China. Performance of the EU27 block also improved over time, while the same holds for the majority of the EU Member States. In addition, the top-ranked countries showcase relatively balanced achievements across the different dimensions considered in the IOI. The report includes an analysis of the change over the last decade in the innovation output performance using insights from non-parametric performance benchmarking and total factor productivity measurement. The aim of this section is to identify countries defining the frontier of innovation output possibilities, the economies that have pushed this frontier forward over time, as well as countries that have achieved large progress in their innovation outputs during the previous decade. The results indicate that there are six well-performing countries (Switzerland, Luxemburg, Japan, Israel, South Korea, and the United Kingdom) forming the frontier of innovation output possibilities. On average, in 2012 the innovation output of the EU27 Member States was 63% of that realised in the best-practice frontier, a figure which in 2022 had improved to 70.2%. In addition, performance improvements are found to be mostly driven by countries' own efforts in catching up with best practices over time. These findings can contribute to identifying successful innovation policies and point towards examples to follow for underperforming countries. The IOI results are complemented by a contextual analysis to better understand differences across EU countries in relation to the aggregate index, as well as to its single components. This section includes, among others, a comparison of the IOI scores with indicators related to the green and the digital nature of innovation outputs, which are crucial for realising the twin digital and green transition and decoupling economic growth from environmental harm. The results indicate that IOI scores are closely related to both environmental and digital patenting activity, highlighting that most countries which do well on total innovation output are also developing environment- and digital- related technologies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268165027
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    Series: EUR ; 31951
    JRC ; 137117
    Subjects: type of business; innovation; research and development; EU statistics; competitiveness; economic growth; economic sector; comparative analysis; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten)
  11. Transition pathway for the aerospace ecosystem
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This policy report outlines the main challenges and actions to be taken to accompany the aerospace ecosystem in its transition to become greener, more digital and more resilient and to boost its competitiveness. more

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    This policy report outlines the main challenges and actions to be taken to accompany the aerospace ecosystem in its transition to become greener, more digital and more resilient and to boost its competitiveness.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268156780
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    Subjects: aerospace industry; green economy; digital transformation; competitiveness; EU industrial policy; sustainable development; research and development; investment; professional qualifications; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Includes bibliographical references
  12. Exploring aspects of the state of competition in the EU
    final report
    Author: De Simone, Livia; Nava, Salvatore; Salomone, Elena; Aigner, Rafael Christian; Coates, James; Rancati, Luca; Walckiers, Alexis; Neto, Antonio; Pike, Chris; Beverelli, Cosimo; Camilli, Andrea; Colacurcio, Claudio; Cotignano, Giacomo; Zappia, Daniele; Ennis, Sean; Paetz, Stephan
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    There is growing evidence that over the past few decades competition across markets in the EU may have weakened: industry concentration and markups appear to have increased, while the gap between market leaders and followers seems to have widened and... more

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    There is growing evidence that over the past few decades competition across markets in the EU may have weakened: industry concentration and markups appear to have increased, while the gap between market leaders and followers seems to have widened and business dynamism seems to have declined. Against this background, this report investigates four important aspects of the state of competition in the EU. First, six sectoral cross-country price-concentration studies provide qualitative and, for mobile telecoms and airlines, empirical evidence that higher concentration seems to be associated with higher prices. Secondly, an analysis of the evolution of 'Global Superstars' (i.e. the most profitable of the world's largest firms) finds that their profit rates have increased significantly over the last 25 years, and that the distribution of profits has become more skewed. We also study how Global Superstars in the IT, pharma and consumer goods sectors are protected by barriers to entry. Thirdly, a survey of EU-based exporting firms suggests that effective domestic competition within the Single Market (i) is an important driver of their global export competitiveness (in particular effective competition in upstream goods markets) and (ii) is for a majority of respondents not constraining their scale in a way which would prevent them from being successful on global export markets. Finally, relying on own estimates of markups for 117,000 firms from 23 EU Member States and a general equilibrium macroeconomic model, we estimate based on three simulation scenarios that more effective competition across markets in the EU would likely contribute significantly to more investment, employment, productivity and increase GDP by more than 2% and 4% after 5 and 10 years respectively.

     
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  13. El informe letta
    un conjunto de recetas para dinamizar la economía Europea
    Author: González Mínguez, Jose
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Documentos ocasionales / Banco de España ; no. 2430
    Subjects: single market; European integration; capital markets union; industrial policy; competitiveness; climate change; geopolitics; innovation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  14. Competitive peers
    the way to higher paying jobs?
    Author: Schilter, Claudio; Lüthi, Samuel; Wolter, Stefan C.
    Published: September 2024
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We merge experimental data on competitiveness of a large sample of students with their complete educational history for up to ten years after the initial assessment. Exploiting quasi-random class assignments, we find that having competitive peers as... more

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    We merge experimental data on competitiveness of a large sample of students with their complete educational history for up to ten years after the initial assessment. Exploiting quasi-random class assignments, we find that having competitive peers as classmates makes students choose and secure positions in higher-paying occupations. These occupations are also more challenging and more popular. On the cost side, competitive peers do not lead to a lower probability of graduating from the subsequent job-specific education, but they significantly increase the probability of requiring extra time to do so.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/305584
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 11342 (2024)
    Subjects: peer effects; competitiveness; occupational choice
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Smart specialisation in the Western Balkans
    potential for knowledge-based economic cooperation : smart specialisation in the EU enlargement region
    Author: Matusiak, Monika; Conte, Andrea; Salotti, Simone; Dosso, Mafini; Hollanders, Hugo; Merkelbach, Iris; Tolias, Yannis; Duran, Nicolau; Fuster, Enric; Massucci, Francesco A.; Plazas, Adrià
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    All Western Balkan economies launched their first respective Smart Specialisation strategy development processes by 2018, wishing to enhance their innovation policy frameworks with the evidence-based and participatory approach for revealing priority... more

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    All Western Balkan economies launched their first respective Smart Specialisation strategy development processes by 2018, wishing to enhance their innovation policy frameworks with the evidence-based and participatory approach for revealing priority areas for policy intervention. Within these efforts, the economies had a complex task to thoroughly analyse their promising domains through economic, innovation and scientific mapping exercises. This report gives an overview of the regional competitiveness based on providing evidence on specialisation as well as emerging areas, highlighting their potential in detail. Although common patterns of economic specialisation are relatively rare, Western Balkan economies express a certain potential for science & technology collaborations. Smart Specialisation processes can enhance regional collaborations and contribute to bridging gaps between Science and Industry.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Radovanovic, Nikola (HerausgeberIn, VerfasserIn); Fabbri, Emanuele (HerausgeberIn, VerfasserIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268144114
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    Series: EUR ; 31911
    JRC ; 136606
    JRC technical report
    Subjects: smart specialisation; value chain; enlargement of the Union; regional cooperation; innovation; competitiveness; EU regional policy; information technology; economic development; knowledge management; Western Balkans; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 164 Seiten)
  16. Europe's sustainability transitions outlook
    short-term action, long-term thinking
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The EU's transitions towards sustainability are unfolding in the context of what has been termed a global polycrisis - a convergence of economic, social, and environmental crises which together create systemic risks. Since the launch of the European... more

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    The EU's transitions towards sustainability are unfolding in the context of what has been termed a global polycrisis - a convergence of economic, social, and environmental crises which together create systemic risks. Since the launch of the European Green Deal, Europe has faced a multitude of such risks and shocks to its food, water, energy and other crucial systems. These impacts strain policy implementation and coherence, necessitating a strategic balance between short-term action and long-term thinking. At the same time, crises can also sometimes serve to accelerate the EU's sustainability transitions, for example in the areas of energy and circular economy. Despite progress, Europe is still far from achieving many of its 2030 objectives, and the global polycrisis raises further concerns about the EU's security and its economic competitiveness, along with questions of fairness when it comes to distribution of the costs associated with the transition. This forward-looking report is based on collective intelligence harvested through a carefully designed strategic foresight process. While it makes full use of available data and knowledge, it deviates from traditional model and indicator-based assessments, making use of participatory foresight workshops to examine a range of future scenarios. The report suggests strategies to align short-term actions with long-term sustainability goals, addressing competitiveness, security, and fairness. It underscores the need for continuous anchoring of long-term visions in the context of a volatile policy environment, and emphasises the importance of anchoring long‑term sustainability thinking into a range of other policy priorities. There is a risk that growing, multiplying and competing priorities may crowd sustainability out of the EU's policy agenda. This makes effective and transformative governance of sustainability transitions even more crucial for the upcoming five‑year policy cycle. The report proposes ideas for such 'anchoring' of sustainability objectives by reframing priorities to converge with the long-term vision of 'living well within the limits of the planet'.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789294806680
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    Series: EEA report ; 2024, 06
    Subjects: sustainable development; EU policy; crisis management; risk management; competitiveness; circular economy; foresight; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The EU27's "energy-renewables" ecosystem
    importance, dependencies and policy aspects
    Author: Guadagno, Francesca; Stehrer, Robert
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The energy-renewables ecosystem (ERES) plays a particularly important role in the green transition. This paper analyses its relevance in EU member states and its competitiveness for the EU27 as a whole vis-à-vis other global players, and identifies... more

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    The energy-renewables ecosystem (ERES) plays a particularly important role in the green transition. This paper analyses its relevance in EU member states and its competitiveness for the EU27 as a whole vis-à-vis other global players, and identifies structural dependencies and vulnerabilities. Several key findings emerge from the analysis. At the global level, the EU27 is the second most-important exporter after China. In 2020, the EU ecosystem depended on imports of coal and lignite from Russia (a situation that has since changed) and on a variety of other products from China (including medium- and high-tech electronic products). This points to a degree of vulnerability in the ERES supply chain that needs to be addressed by further policy initiatives.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268144916
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    Edition: 1st edition
    Series: Single market economics briefs ; no 9
    Subjects: green transition; energy-renewables ecosystem; linkages; dependencies; policy aspects; single market; renewable energy; green economy; competitiveness; EU energy policy; supply chain; EU Member State
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten)
  18. Contribution of the Balassa-Samuelson Effect to the dynamics of Kazakhstani tenge real exchange rate
    Author: Tūrabaj, Berdíbek Älnazarūly; Almaġambetova, Meruert Hajyrbekķyzy; Öskenbaev, Azat Bekbolatūly
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, [Astana]

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    Series: Array ; no. 2024, 2
    Subjects: real exchange rate; Balassa-Samuelson effect; labor productivity; tradable and non-tradable sectors of the economy; exports; inflation; competitiveness; Dutch disease; fiscal policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Kaldorian cumulative causation in the euro area
    an empirical assessment of divergent export competitiveness
    Author: Keil, Sascha; Paternesi Meloni, Walter
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf

    Over the past decades, models of circular and cumulative causation, based on the endogenous relations between prices, exports, and labour productivity, have lost prominence in explaining economic dynamics. We argue that, in the absence of... more

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    Over the past decades, models of circular and cumulative causation, based on the endogenous relations between prices, exports, and labour productivity, have lost prominence in explaining economic dynamics. We argue that, in the absence of counterbalancing mechanisms, the combination of price-sensitive exports and the triggering effect of exports on productivity can enable feedback loops and can significantly shape macroeconomic reality in the short-to-medium run. We apply an adapted export-led model of cumulative causation to 10 major countries belonging the Euro area, a region characterized by divergent wage growth trajectories reflected in divergent export competitiveness and lack of equilibrating mechanisms. Specifically, the model is tested for the period 1995-2020 employing a country- level system of equations (3SLS-ARDL). Our findings indicate that for the majority of the countries examined, this feedback mechanism - comprising price-sensitive exports and export demand affecting productivity growth - exacerbates macroeconomic disparities in terms of labour productivity. While nominal wages act as a potential trigger through their impact on price competitiveness, they also serve as a central factor that retards the feedback mechanism due to the Verdoorn effect of wage-induced demand. Overall, our results affirm the significance of price-induced and export-led theories of cumulative causation while also delineating its limitations, particularly regarding price competitiveness-oriented export-led growth strategies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/301004
    Series: FMM working paper ; Nr. 103 (May 2024)
    Subjects: international trade; export; competitiveness; unit labour cost; wages; productivity; European imbalances
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  20. The origins of gender differences in competitiveness and earnings expectations
    causal evidence from a mentoring intervention
    Author: Boneva, Teodora; Buser, Thomas; Falk, Armin; Kosse, Fabian
    Published: May 2024
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, [Bonn]

    We investigate the role played by the social environment in the development of gender differences in competitiveness and earnings expectations. First, we find that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more pronounced among... more

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    We investigate the role played by the social environment in the development of gender differences in competitiveness and earnings expectations. First, we find that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more pronounced among adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES). We further document that there is a positive association between the competitiveness of mothers and daughters, but not between mothers and sons. Second, we show that a randomized mentoring intervention that exposes low-SES children to predominantly female role models causally affects girls' willingness to compete and narrows both the gender gap in competitiveness as well as earnings expectations.

     
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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/296243
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 301
    Subjects: competitiveness; gender; socioeconomic status; inequality; earnings expectations
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Competitive peers
    the way to higher paying jobs?
    Author: Schilter, Claudio; Lüthi, Samuel; Wolter, Stefan C.
    Published: September 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We merge experimental data on competitiveness of a large sample of students with their complete educational history for up to ten years after the initial assessment. Exploiting quasi-random class assignments, we find that having competitive peers as... more

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    We merge experimental data on competitiveness of a large sample of students with their complete educational history for up to ten years after the initial assessment. Exploiting quasi-random class assignments, we find that having competitive peers as classmates makes students choose and secure positions in higher-paying occupations. These occupations are also more challenging and more popular. On the cost side, competitive peers do not lead to a lower probability of graduating from the subsequent job-specific education, but they significantly increase the probability of requiring extra time to do so.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/305731
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17289
    Subjects: peer effects; competitiveness; occupational choice
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. What "North Star" for future EU industrial policy?
    Author: Renda, Andrea
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  CEPS, Brussels

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    Language: English
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    Series: CEPS in-depth analysis ; 2024, 07 (May)
    Subjects: industrial policy; industry; twin transition; competitiveness; single market
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Coordination for EU competitiveness
    study requested by the ECON committee
    Author: Pinkus, David; Pisani-Ferry, Jean; Tagliapietra, Simone; Veugelers, Reinhilde; Zachmann, Georg; Zettelmeyer, Jeromin
    Published: March 2024
    Publisher:  European Parliament, Brussels

    This paper reviews the state of EU competitiveness and introduces a strategy to improve it, based on medium-term, sector-level coordination of Member State reform policies and/or investments. The idea is illustrated with two examples: an investment... more

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    This paper reviews the state of EU competitiveness and introduces a strategy to improve it, based on medium-term, sector-level coordination of Member State reform policies and/or investments. The idea is illustrated with two examples: an investment and reform programme to create a single EU electricity market and an Advanced Research Projects Agency (EU-ARPA). This document was provided/prepared by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the ECON Committee.

     
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  24. Bigtech finance, the EU’s growth model and global challenges
    in-depth analysis requested by the ECON committee
    Author: James, Scott; Quaglia, Lucia
    Published: February 2024
    Publisher:  European Parliament, Brussels

    'Bigtech finance' - i.e. the provision of financial services by large digital conglomerates - has considerable implications for the EU's growth model and raises multiple regulatory concerns about financial stability; competition and market... more

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    'Bigtech finance' - i.e. the provision of financial services by large digital conglomerates - has considerable implications for the EU's growth model and raises multiple regulatory concerns about financial stability; competition and market concentration; data protection; cybersecurity and operational resilience. Bigtechs also have potential geostrategic implications because the largest digital platforms are headquartered outside the EU. To address these global challenges, this study makes recommendations aimed at strengthening the regulation of Bigtech finance internationally and in the EU. This document was provided/prepared by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the ECON Committee.

     
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  25. Investment barriers in the European Union 2023
    a report
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  European Investment Bank, Luxembourg

    Discover key insights from the Investment barriers report 2023, an authoritative assessment by the European Investment Bank Group on investment hurdles in the European Union. The report underscores the pivotal role of investment in the economy while... more

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    Discover key insights from the Investment barriers report 2023, an authoritative assessment by the European Investment Bank Group on investment hurdles in the European Union. The report underscores the pivotal role of investment in the economy while meticulously detailing the constraints that impede investment at the national and EU level. This year's report takes a particular look at the role of commercial power purchase agreements in renewable energy projects, climate resilience investments in transport systems, antimicrobial resistance, the forestry sector, and cross-border infrastructure projects. It is an essential read for anyone looking to understand the investment landscape within the European Union.

     
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