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Displaying results 1 to 13 of 13.

  1. The production function of top R&D investors
    accounting for size and sector heterogeneity with quantile estimations
    Author: Vezzani, Antonio; Montresor, Sandro
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville, Spain

    The paper investigates how top R&D investors differ in the production impact of their inputs and in their rate of technical change. We use the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard and perform a quantile estimation of an augmented Cobb-Douglass... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The paper investigates how top R&D investors differ in the production impact of their inputs and in their rate of technical change. We use the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard and perform a quantile estimation of an augmented Cobb-Douglass production function for a panel of more than 1,000 companies, covering the period 2002-2010. The results for the pooled sample are contrasted with those obtained from the estimates for different groups of economic sectors. Returns to scale are bounded by the initial size of the firm, but to an extent that decreases with the technological intensity of the sector. The output return of knowledge capital is the most important, irrespective of firm size, but in high-tech sectors only. Elsewhere, physical capital is the pivotal factor, although with size variations. The investigated firms appear different also in their technical progress: embodied in mid-high and low/mid-low tech sectors, and disembodied in high-tech sectors.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279308932
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/202146
    Series: IPTS working paper on corporate r&d and innovation ; no. 2013, 02
    Subjects: research and development; EU investment; industrial research; innovation; industrial production; competitiveness; research report; production function; R&D; firm and sector heterogeneity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Knowledge search versus knowledge deployment
    how foreignness can be both an asset and a liability for firms
    Author: Zimmermann, Jörg; Sofka, Wolfgang
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville, Spain

    Many modern firms compete globally. However, research into whether foreignness is an asset or a liability in competition with domestic firms is inconclusive. We argue that foreign MNC subsidiaries are not per se advantaged or disadvantaged. We... more

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    Many modern firms compete globally. However, research into whether foreignness is an asset or a liability in competition with domestic firms is inconclusive. We argue that foreign MNC subsidiaries are not per se advantaged or disadvantaged. We suggest that the distinction originates from the nature of the subsidiary's activity in the host country. We focus on two activities: knowledge search and knowledge deployment. We predict theoretically that domestic firms have advantages when they search for knowledge due to their embeddedness in the host country. However, this increased embeddedness reduces the degree of novelty of their knowledge pool. Foreign MNC subsidiaries therefore have advantages in knowledge deployment because they draw from a richer, international knowledge pool. However, these advantages accrue to both foreign and domestic MNCs. We test and support these predictions for a longitudinal dataset of 2900 firm observations in Spain. We develop recommendations for research and practice based on these findings.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279345241
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    hdl: 10419/202147
    Series: IPTS working paper on corporate r&d and innovation ; no. 2013, 03
    Subjects: multinational enterprise; transnational corporation; foreign enterprise; firm governed by commercial law; domestic market; competitiveness; subsidiary; knowledge management; Spain; research report; Liability of foreignness; foreignness as an asset; knowledge search; deployment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  3. Improving regional performance in Russia: a capability-based approach
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, London

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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; 155
    Subjects: regional development; competitiveness; product space; innovation; Russia
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 46 S.), graph. Darst.
  4. Recent changes in Europe’s competitive landscape and medium-term perspectives
    how the sources of demand and supply are shaping up
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Europ. Comm., Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Brussels

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279285677
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    Series: Array ; 485
    Subjects: competitiveness; economic growth; productivity; goods and services; job creation; supply and demand
    Scope: Online-Ressource (42 S.), graph. Darst.
  5. International fragmentation of production, trade and growth
    impacts and prospects for EU member states
    Author: Foster-McGregor, Neil; Stehrer, Robert; Timmer, Marcel
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Europ. Comm., Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Brussels

    There has been an ongoing trend towards increasing internationalisation of production over the past two decades or so. This implies that countries become more dependent on demand from foreign countries but also that countries and industries are able... more

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    There has been an ongoing trend towards increasing internationalisation of production over the past two decades or so. This implies that countries become more dependent on demand from foreign countries but also that countries and industries are able to source intermediates from different countries, an activity referred to as 'offshoring'. Whereas the former aspect means an increasing dependency on foreign markets, the second aspect implies that countries and industries source at lower costs making them more productive and competitive. Using the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) we first provide an overview of these trends over the period 1995-2011 for 40 advanced and emerging countries with a specific focus on the EU as a whole and the individual EU member states. In the second part of the paper we show results from an econometric analysis to explain growth performance, focusing on the impacts of the increasing internationalisation of production

     
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    ISBN: 9789279285660
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    Series: Array ; 484
    Subjects: international fragmentation of production; growth; employment; trade; economic growth; trade policy; EU employment policy; macroeconomics; economic integration; EU industrial policy; foreign market; offshoring; production; competitiveness; EU Member State
    Scope: Online-Ressource (51 S.), graph. Darst.
  6. The "resurrection" of industrial policy in the European Union and its impact on industrial policy in the new member countries
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  WWWforEurope, Vienna

    The aim of this study is to consider the main factors affecting the industrial policy in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) by elucidating the issues such as; the connection between competitiveness and industrial policy, innovation,... more

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    The aim of this study is to consider the main factors affecting the industrial policy in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) by elucidating the issues such as; the connection between competitiveness and industrial policy, innovation, manufacturing, green growth and environment. The objective is to inspire thought in the reader and to highlight the necessity for a new industrial policy, which considers regional differences and specializations in the catching up economies of the CEECs. The ultimate question is what kind of industrial policy development is required in the CEECs in the future that could enable an even more successful catching up, or convergence, with the Western economies. This study includes an analysis of the countries that have been more successful in transition. A measurement was made of the export market shares as well as the industrial structure (primarily in manufacturing). The first step towards accomplishing this task was to examine the export competitiveness of CEECs, the concept of export competitiveness, and the role of exports in competitiveness-oriented growth strategies during the financial crisis. The question was how the effectiveness of policies that enhance export competitiveness could be improved in these countries. The second step was to examine and differentiate the variety of industrial politics in the CEECs, with special emphasis on tools used in order to promote incoming foreign direct investment and technological development. The third step was an assessment of CEECs innovation and R&D policies, and their linkages with competitiveness, for a better understanding of future options in the CEECs. It is outside the scope of this study to formulate a new industrial policy for certain countries since there is a wide variation in the level of development, workforce structure and industrial specialization of the countries examined in this study. Making predictions that are generally applicable to all member countries of the European Union (EU) is not possible in the international economic environment of June 2013. This study highlights that there is a need for a country specific industrial policy for each member country. During the development of industrial policy, the decision makers of each country must make complex decisions which consider all past and current economic factors. It is the intention of this study to inspire deeper, new ways of thinking about industrial policies in the CEECs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/125682
    Series: Working paper / WWWforEurope WelfareWealthWork ; 26
    Subjects: Industrial policy; clusters; green growth; innovation; manufacturing; competitiveness; Central and Eastern Europe
    Scope: Online-Ressource (53 S.), graph. Darst., Kt.
  7. Clusters and the new growth path for Europe
    Author: Ketels, Christian H.; Protsiv, Sergiy
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  WWWforEurope, Vienna

    This paper outlines elements of a conceptual framework that clarifies the role that clusters play relative to government policies and actions of individual companies in supporting the emergence of "High Road"-strategies that lead to better New Growth... more

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    This paper outlines elements of a conceptual framework that clarifies the role that clusters play relative to government policies and actions of individual companies in supporting the emergence of "High Road"-strategies that lead to better New Growth Path-related outcomes. It then focuses on creating a new set of data that can start shedding light on the empirical relevance of this framework. The first main section of the paper draws on a new set of employment and wage data across European clusters. The data is used to analyze whether cluster presence is significantly correlated with higher wages, which as an indicator of higher productivity, are likely to signal the presence of "High Road"-strategies. We then take a closer look at the scale of the relationship relative to location-specific and other effects. We find cluster presence to be significantly related to higher wages, with the effect being moderate but meaningful. This suggest that cluster presence enhances the ability of economic activities to deliver high performance, but is unlikely to be able to substitute weak business environment conditions. The second section then deploys a wide range of regional performance data collected for the European Competitiveness Index and the European Cluster Observatory. We create indicators for New Growth Path performance and its main dimensions, and classify European regions by their performance patterns. This provides critical insights into the compatibility of the different economics, social, and ecological objectives pursued. We then relate these outcomes to the presence of strong cluster portfolios and strong business environment conditions. Both are most strongly associated with stronger economic outcomes, with lower impact on other dimensions of the New Growth Path. The third section creates a new dataset of cluster initiative intensity at the regional and cluster category-level. It also classifies close to 1000 cluster initiatives in Europe by their engagement in New Growth Path-related activities. We then deploy this data to test the impact of cluster initiatives on regional New Growth Path-performance. Overall, we find evidence consistent with clusters playing a role in making "High Road"-strategies more likely to emerge. We also find evidence that European regions differ in their strategies towards these goals, with some being able to pursue all three dimensions in parallel. [...]

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/125669
    Series: Working paper / WWWforEurope WelfareWealthWork ; 14
    Subjects: Clusters; competitiveness; economic growth path; economic strategy; European economic policy; globalisation; industrial policy; new technologies; SMEs
    Scope: Online-Ressource (66 S.), graph. Darst., Kt.
  8. Surveillance and control of fiscal consolidation on a supranational level
    Author: Aarle, Bas van
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  WWWforEurope, Vienna

    Strengthening budgetary surveillance and coordination of budgetary policy measures in the EU is of vital importance for economic stability and growth. The decentralised decision making structure in most areas of budgetary policies, requires the need... more

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    Strengthening budgetary surveillance and coordination of budgetary policy measures in the EU is of vital importance for economic stability and growth. The decentralised decision making structure in most areas of budgetary policies, requires the need to balance national and common objectives; clearly also given the context of highly integrated goods-, labour-, and financial markets that lead to significant interdependencies and spillovers, as e.g. the recent financial crisis and economic slowdown demonstrate. We analyse the progress that is underway in the current budgetary governance framework in the EU -including the recent new instruments in the form of the Macroeconomic Imbalance procedure, the European Semester, Stability Bonds, the European Financial Stability Facility, Euro+ Pact and Europe 2020. This paper surveys supranational governance in the EU, and the coordination of national policies, including concepts of fiscal federalism, multi-level governance and open coordination methods, control and systems methods and macro-finance. We relate this exercise to the current context of budgetary stress in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and economic slowdown which has strongly impacted on the economies and public finances of the Member States. We consider financial market conditions that have exerted a particular strong influence in the European debt crisis and evaluate specifically the merits and risks relating to proposals for the introduction of Eurobonds. We conclude by formulating the policy recommendations on streamlining EU economic and budgetary governance that could be drawn from our analysis.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/125701
    Series: Working paper / WWWforEurope WelfareWealthWork ; 46
    Subjects: Academic research; challenges for welfare system; competitiveness; economic strategy; EU integration; European economic policy; European governance; European Monetary Union; Institutional reforms; macroeconomic disequilibria multi-level governance
    Scope: Online-Ressource ([4], 35 S.), graph. Darst.
  9. On the Franco-German euro contradiction and ultimate euro battleground
    Author: Bibow, Jörg
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Levy Economics Inst., Annandale-on-Hudson, NY

    Highlighting that France and Germany held largely contradicting hopes and aspirations for Europe's common currency, this paper analyzes how the resulting euro contradiction conditioned the ongoing euro crisis as well as current strategies to resolve... more

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    Highlighting that France and Germany held largely contradicting hopes and aspirations for Europe's common currency, this paper analyzes how the resulting euro contradiction conditioned the ongoing euro crisis as well as current strategies to resolve it. While Germany generally prevailed in hammering out the design of the euro policy regime, the German authorities have failed to see the inconsistency in their policy endeavors: the creation of a model whose workability presupposes that others behave differently cannot be made to work by forcing everyone to behave like Germany. This fundamental misunderstanding has made Germany the main culprit in the euro crisis, but it has yet to face the full consequences of its actions. Germany had sought every protection against the much-dreaded euro "transfer union", but its own conduct has made that very outcome inevitable. Conversely, having been disappointed in its own hopes for the euro, France is now facing the prospect of a lost generation - a prospect, shared with other debtor nations in the union, that has undermined the Franco-German alliance and may soon turn it into the ultimate euro battleground.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/79447
    Series: Working paper / Levy Economics Institute ; 762
    Subjects: currency union; euro policy regime; euro crisis; Franco-German partnership; competitiveness; ECB policies
    Scope: Online-Ressource (29 S.)
  10. Algunas reflexiones sobre la economía española tras cinco años de crisis
    Author: Ortega, Eloísa; Peñalosa, Juan María
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Documentos ocasionales / Banco de España ; 1304
    Subjects: Spanish economy; economic crisis; adjustment; rebalancing; internal devaluation; competitiveness; balance sheet position; indebtedness; reforms
    Scope: Online-Ressource (46 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  11. Preferences and biases in educational choices and labor market expectations
    shrinking the black box of gender
    Author: Reuben, Ernesto; Wiswall, Matthew; Zafar, Basit
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    Standard observed characteristics explain only part of the differences between men and women in education choices and labor market trajectories. Using an experiment to derive students' levels of overconfidence, and preferences for competitiveness and... more

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    Standard observed characteristics explain only part of the differences between men and women in education choices and labor market trajectories. Using an experiment to derive students' levels of overconfidence, and preferences for competitiveness and risk, this paper investigates whether these behavioral biases and preferences explain gender differences in college major choices and expected future earnings. In a sample of high ability undergraduates, we find that competitiveness and overconfidence, but not risk aversion, is systematically related with expectations about future earnings: individuals who are overconfident and overly competitive have significantly higher earnings expectations. Moreover, gender differences in overconfidence and competitiveness explain about 18% of the gender gap in earnings expectations. These experimental measures explain as much of the gender gap in earnings expectations as a rich set of control variables, including test scores and family background, and they are poorly proxied by these same control variables, underscoring that they represent independent variation. While expected earnings are related to college major choices, the experimental measures are not related with college major choice.

     
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    hdl: 10419/89845
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 7579
    Subjects: college majors; earnings; gender differences; subjective expectations; risk aversion; overconfidence; competitiveness
    Scope: Online-Ressource (35 S.), graph. Darst.
  12. Preferences and biases in educational choices and labor market expectations
    shrinking the black box of gender
    Author: Reuben, Ernesto; Wiswall, Matthew; Zafar, Basit
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, NY

    Standard observed characteristics explain only part of the differences between men and women in education choices and labor market trajectories. Using an experiment to derive students’ levels of overconfidence, and preferences for competitiveness and... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 207 (627)
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    Standard observed characteristics explain only part of the differences between men and women in education choices and labor market trajectories. Using an experiment to derive students’ levels of overconfidence, and preferences for competitiveness and risk, this paper investigates whether these behavioral biases and preferences explain gender differences in college major choices and expected future earnings. In a sample of high-ability undergraduates, we find that competitiveness and overconfidence, but not risk aversion, are systematically related with expectations about future earnings: Individuals who are overconfident and overly competitive have significantly higher earnings expectations. Moreover, gender differences in overconfidence and competitiveness explain about 18 percent of the gender gap in earnings expectations. These experimental measures explain as much of the gender gap in earnings expectations as a rich set of control variables, including test scores and family background, and they are poorly proxied by these same control variables, underscoring that they represent independent variation. While expected earnings are related to college major choices, the experimental measures are not related with college major choice.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/93659
    Series: Staff report / Federal Reserve Bank of New York ; 627
    Subjects: college majors; earnings; gender differences; subjective expectations; risk aversion; overconfidence; competitiveness
    Scope: Online-Ressource (37 S.), graph. Darst.
  13. The real exchange rate and external competitiveness in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia
    Author: Brixiova, Zuzana; Égert, Balázs; Hadj Amor, Thouraya
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia face challenges competing on the global markets, as shown by their relatively low and stagnant export shares. The limited export competitiveness has hampered external demand, growth and employment. Applying, for the first... more

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    Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia face challenges competing on the global markets, as shown by their relatively low and stagnant export shares. The limited export competitiveness has hampered external demand, growth and employment. Applying, for the first time to North Africa, the stock-flow approach to the real equilibrium exchange rate, this paper evaluates the countries' real exchange rate misalignments during the past three decades. While Egypt experienced periods of substantial misalignment, including in recent years, the exchange rates in Morocco and Tunisia have broadly reflected the underlying fundamentals. In all three countries structural factors are key to boosting exports, alongside of avoiding sizeable future misalignments. Intra-regional trade - both with North Africa and the rest of the continent - together with greater orientation to fast growing emerging markets could also raise countries' external competitiveness.

     
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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/89886
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 7822
    Subjects: real exchange rate misalignment; stock-flow model; competitiveness; trade; employment; North Africa
    Scope: Online-Ressource ([26] S.), graph. Darst.