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Displaying results 51 to 75 of 126.

  1. Labour outcomes adjustments to health shocks over the long run
    evidence from Italian administrative records
    Author: Belloni, Michele; Farina, Elena; Simonetti, Irene; Zantomio, Francesca
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  [CeRP, Center for Research on Pensions and Welfare Policies], [Torino]

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    Series: Working paper / CeRP ; 204 (21)
    Subjects: health shocks; employment; labour market institutions; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Study abroad programmes and students' academic performance: evidence from Erasmus applications
    Author: Granato, Silvia; Enkelejda, Havari; Mazzarella, Gianluca; Schnepf, Sylke Viola
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Erasmus+ is one of the most popular programmes financed by the European Union. It provides international mobility grants to university students while staying enrolled at their home university. This paper brings novel evidence on the effect of... more

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    Erasmus+ is one of the most popular programmes financed by the European Union. It provides international mobility grants to university students while staying enrolled at their home university. This paper brings novel evidence on the effect of participating in the programme on students' academic outcomes, using rich administrative data from one of the largest public universities in Italy. We rely on a fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design, since the selection of applicants to Erasmus mobility programmes depends on a continuous score assigned during the application process. Our results show that Erasmus mobility does not delay graduation at the home university and, in addition, it has a positive and significant impact on undergraduates' final degree mark. Investigating possible heterogeneous effects, we find that Erasmus mobility improves graduation results for undergraduate students in scientific and technical fields (STEM) and for those who apply for the Erasmus grant in the first year of their studies. Finally, the positive impact on performance at graduation appears to be stronger for students who visit foreign universities of relatively lower quality compared with their home university and for those who stay abroad for more than six months.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245702
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14651
    Subjects: Erasmus+ programme; international student mobility; university; administrative data; Regression Discontinuity Design
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Five facts about the distributional income effects of monetary policy
    Author: Amberg, Niklas; Jansson, Thomas; Klein, Mathias; Rogantini Picco, Anna
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We use Swedish administrative individual-level data to document five facts about the distributional income effects of monetary policy. (i) The effects of monetary policy shocks are U-shaped with respect to the income distribution - i.e., expansionary... more

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    We use Swedish administrative individual-level data to document five facts about the distributional income effects of monetary policy. (i) The effects of monetary policy shocks are U-shaped with respect to the income distribution - i.e., expansionary shocks increase the incomes of high- and low-income individuals relative to middle-income individuals. (ii) The large effects in the bottom are accounted for by the labor-income response and (iii) those in the top by the capital-income response. (iv) The heterogeneity in the labor-income response is due to the earnings heterogeneity channel, whereas (v) that in the capital-income response is due to the income composition channel.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235432
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9062 (2021)
    Subjects: monetary policy; income inequality; heterogeneous agents; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Five facts about the distributional income effects of monetary policy
    Author: Amberg, Niklas; Jansson, Thomas; Klein, Mathias; Rogantini Picco, Anna
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  Sveriges Riksbank, Stockholm

    We use Swedish administrative individual-level data to document five facts about the distributional income effects of monetary policy. (i) The effects of monetary policy shocks are U-shaped with respect to the income distribution-i.e., expansionary... more

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    We use Swedish administrative individual-level data to document five facts about the distributional income effects of monetary policy. (i) The effects of monetary policy shocks are U-shaped with respect to the income distribution-i.e., expansionary shocks increase the incomes of high- and low-income individuals relative to middle-income individuals. (ii) The large effects in the bottom are accounted for by the labor-income response and (iii) those in the top by the capital-income response. (iv) The heterogeneity in the labor-income response is due to the earnings heterogeneity channel, whereas (v) that in the capital-income response is due to the income composition channel.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251301
    Series: Sveriges Riksbank working paper series ; 403
    Subjects: Monetary policy; income inequality; heterogeneous agents; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Size, heterogeneity and distributional effects of self-employment income tax evasion in Italy
    Author: Bazzoli, Martina; Di Caro, Paolo; Figari, Francesco; Fiorio, Carlo V.; Manzo, Marco
    Published: November 2020
    Publisher:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK

    We measure tax evasion in Italy by estimating a food expenditure equation that disentangles households with prevalent income from self-employment, which is self-declared, from those with mostly third-party reported income. By using a novel dataset... more

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    We measure tax evasion in Italy by estimating a food expenditure equation that disentangles households with prevalent income from self-employment, which is self-declared, from those with mostly third-party reported income. By using a novel dataset that links the 2013 Italian Household Budget Survey with individual tax records over a period of 7 years, we reduce measurement error by a great extent. We also depart from the usual constant share of underreporting, showing that underreporting heterogeneity among self-employed is significant, and is larger for singles and for college-educated households. We show that self-employed workers in Italy exhibit a similar attitude to tax evasion as those in other developed countries. Therefore, we point to the structure of the economy for an explanation of why aggregate tax evasion in Italy is larger than in other developed countries. The estimated heterogeneity of underreporting behavior of households combined with the use of a tax-benefit microsimulation model have allowed us to shed light on the distributional effects of income tax evasion, showing that almost 73% of the missing revenue is attributable to tax-payers at the top of the income distribution.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259507
    Series: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 20, 18
    Subjects: tax evasion; administrative data; distributional effects; food expenditure; Italy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The effect of concussion on salary and employment
    a population-based event time study using a quasi- experimental design
    Author: Fallesen, Peter; Campos, Benito
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  Rockwool Fondens Forskningsenhed, København

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    Series: Arbejdspapir / Rockwool Fondens Forskningsenhed ; nr. 129
    Subjects: administrative data; concussion; income; productivity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Regional variation in the supply of general and medical practitioners and its consequences for inpatient service utilization
    Author: Stroka, Magdalena A.
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    There is widespread concern about the consequences of the undersupply of outpatient care for the utilization of inpatient care. lt is common knowledge in the media that urban areas aften are characterized by an oversupply of health care providers,... more

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    There is widespread concern about the consequences of the undersupply of outpatient care for the utilization of inpatient care. lt is common knowledge in the media that urban areas aften are characterized by an oversupply of health care providers, while rural areas suffer from shortage. As such, the undersupply of outpatient medical care in rural areas can lead to higher utilization of inpatient care due to both substitution effects and the possible disastrous health consequences if medical care is not received frequently or quickly enough. On the basis of administrative data from the largest sickness fund in Germany, this study analyzes the relationship between the district density of general as well as medical practitioner and the individual number of hospitalizations. We find evidence for a significant negative association between the share of general and medical practitioners in the population and the utilization of inpatient health care services, measured in the amount of yearly hospitalizations. Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass in städtischen Regionen durchaus ein Überangebot an ambulanten Gesundheitsdienstleistern bestehen kann während ländliche Gebiete hingegen oft mit dem Problem der ambulanten Unterversorgung zu kämpfen haben. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Frage, welche Folgen die Unterversorgung mit ambulanten Gesundheitsleistungen auf die Inanspruchnahme stationärer Gesundheitsleistungen hat. Zum einem kann erwartet werden, dass aufgrund von Substitutionseffekten die Inanspruchnahme stationärer Gesundheitsleistungen steigt. Zum anderen ist ebenso denkbar, dass die Unterversorgung im ambulanten Bereich z.B. aufgrund nicht ausreichender Gesundheitsvorsorge mit negativen Folgen für die Gesundheit einhergeht, was wiederum ebenfalls zu einer höheren Inanspruchnahme stationärer Versorgung führen kann. Auf Basis administrativer Daten der größten Krankenkasse Deutschlands wird in dieser Studie der Zusammenhang zwischen der Dichte an Allgemein- sowie Fachärzten auf Kreisebene und der individuellen Anzahl von Krankenhausaufenthalten analysiert. Wir finden Hinweise auf einen signifikant negativen Zusammenhang zwischen der Dichte an Allgemein- und Fachärzten auf Kreisebene und der Inanspruchnahme von stationären Gesundheitsleistungen, gemessen an der Anzahl der jährlichen Krankenhausaufenthalte.

     
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    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9783969730164
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232073
    Series: Ruhr economic papers ; #877
    Subjects: Hospital utilization; general proctitioner; medical practitioner; shirking regions; medical undersupply; fixed-effects; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  8. Wage and employment cyclicalities at the establishment level
    Author: Merkl, Christian; Stüber, Heiko
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We document substantial cross-sectional heterogeneity of German establishments' real wage cyclicality over the business cycle. While wages of the median establishment are moderately procyclical, 36 percent of establishments have countercyclical... more

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    We document substantial cross-sectional heterogeneity of German establishments' real wage cyclicality over the business cycle. While wages of the median establishment are moderately procyclical, 36 percent of establishments have countercyclical wages. We estimate a negative connection between establishments' wage cyclicality and their employment cyclicality, thereby providing a benchmark for quantitative macroeconomic models. We propose and calibrate a labor market flow model to match various empirical facts and to perform counterfactual exercises. If all establishments behaved as the most procyclical ones, labor market amplification would drop by one-third. If all followed Nash bargaining, it would drop by more than two-thirds.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245464
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9283 (2021)
    Subjects: wage cyclicality; employment cyclicality; labor market flow model; labor market dynamics; establishments; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The economic effects of private equity buyouts
    Author: Davis, Steven J.; Haltiwanger, John C.; Handley, Kyle; Lipsius, Ben; Lerner, Joshua; Miranda, Javier
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    We examine thousands of U.S. private equity (PE) buyouts from 1980 to 2013, a period that saw huge swings in credit market tightness and GDP growth. Our results show striking, systematic differences in the real-side effects of PE buyouts, depending... more

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    We examine thousands of U.S. private equity (PE) buyouts from 1980 to 2013, a period that saw huge swings in credit market tightness and GDP growth. Our results show striking, systematic differences in the real-side effects of PE buyouts, depending on buyout type and external conditions. Employment at target firms shrinks 13% over two years in buyouts of publicly listed firms but expands 13% in buyouts of privately held firms, both relative to contemporaneous outcomes at control firms. Labor productivity rises 8% at targets over two years post buyout (again, relative to controls), with large gains for both public-to-private and private-to-private buyouts. Target productivity gains are larger yet for deals executed amidst tight credit conditions. A post-buyout widening of credit spreads or slowdown in GDP growth lowers employment growth at targets and sharply curtails productivity gains in public-to-private and divisional buy-outs. Average earnings per worker fall by 1.7% at target firms after buyouts, largely erasing a pre-buyout wage premium relative to controls. Wage effects are also heterogeneous. In these and other respects, the economic effects of private equity vary greatly by buyout type and with external conditions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251481
    Series: Jena economic research papers ; # 2021, 013
    Subjects: Private equity buyouts; business cycle; business dynamics; real effects; job creation; productivity; wages; administrative data; large matched sample
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Labor market returns and the evolution of cognitive skills
    theory and evidence
    Author: Hermo, Santiago; Päällysaho, Miika; Seim, David; Shapiro, Jesse M.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Stockholm University, Department of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

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    Series: Research papers in economics / Stockholm University, Department of Economics ; no. 2021, 2
    Subjects: Flynn effect; IQ; skill investment; human capital; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Skills, economic crises and labour market
    Author: Dasgupta, Kabir; Plum, Alexander
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  [Auckland University of Technology], [Auckland, New Zealand]

    Do higher skills help mitigate the negative impact of economic crises? We study the effect of two major economic setbacks–the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2007-09 and the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020–on wage progression for New Zealanders with... more

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    Do higher skills help mitigate the negative impact of economic crises? We study the effect of two major economic setbacks–the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2007-09 and the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020–on wage progression for New Zealanders with different skill levels. For our analysis, we link the PIAAC survey data on literacy and numeracy skills with the Inland Revenue's tax records that document the entire workforce's monthly labor market information. During the GFC, the adverse impact of the economic shock on wage progression appears to be significantly lower for the higherskilled population. Moreover, the low skilled group experienced the largest wage drop when changing their employer during the GFC crisis. However, during the recent pandemic-induced lockdown period, we cannot detect differences in wage progression across skill levels.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/262203
    Series: Economics working paper series / Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, AUT ; 2022, 01
    Subjects: Skills; Economic Crises; Wage progression; PIAAC; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Reconciling trends in U.S. male earnings volatility
    results from survey and administrative data
    Author: Moffitt, Robert A.; Bollinger, Christopher R.; Hokayem, Charles; Wiemers, Emily E.; Abowd, John M.; Carr, Michael D.; McKinney, Kevin L.; Zhang, Sisi; Ziliak, James P.
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    There is a large literature on earnings and income volatility in labor economics, household finance, and macroeconomics. One strand of that literature has studied whether individual earnings volatility has risen or fallen in the U.S. over the last... more

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    There is a large literature on earnings and income volatility in labor economics, household finance, and macroeconomics. One strand of that literature has studied whether individual earnings volatility has risen or fallen in the U.S. over the last several decades. There are strong disagreements in the empirical literature on this important question, with some studies showing upward trends, some showing downward trends, and some showing no trends. Some studies have suggested that the differences are the result of using flawed survey data instead of more accurate administrative data. This paper summarizes the results of a project attempting to reconcile these findings with four different data sets and six different data series - three survey and three administrative data series, including two which match survey respondent data to their administrative data. Using common specifications, measures of volatility, and other treatments of the data, four of the six data series show a lack of any significant long-term trend in male earnings volatility over the last 20-to-30+ years when differences across the data sets are properly accounted for. A fifth data series (the PSID) shows a positive net trend but small in magnitude. A sixth, administrative, data set, available only since 1998, shows no net trend 1998-2011 and only a small decline thereafter. Many of the remaining differences across data series can be explained by differences in their cross-sectional distribution of earnings, particularly differences in the size of the lower tail. We conclude that the data sets we have analyzed, which include many of the most important available, show little evidence of any significant trend in male earnings volatility since the mid-1980s.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252217
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15093
    Subjects: volatility; earnings; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. A wealth tax at work
    Author: Thoresen, Thor Olav; Ring, Marius A. K.; Nygård, Odd E.; Epland, Jon
    Published: August 2021
    Publisher:  Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo

    Over the past decade, the question of whether and how to tax household wealth has risen to the forefront of policy debates across the world. Norway belongs to only a handful of countries that (still) levy an annual net wealth tax. We exploit rich... more

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    Over the past decade, the question of whether and how to tax household wealth has risen to the forefront of policy debates across the world. Norway belongs to only a handful of countries that (still) levy an annual net wealth tax. We exploit rich Norwegian administrative data to perform descriptive analyses that address questions at the focal point of the wealth tax debate. We discuss how the taxation of wealth fits in with the personal income tax. We further investigate the redistributional effects of wealth taxation and explore the extent to which wealth taxation may cause adverse liquidity effects for private firms. Finally, we consider the effects of wealth taxation on charitable giving. Taken together, we see the evidence presented here as not weakening the case for upholding the tax: we find favorable distributional effects and the efficiency losses appear to be limited.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/250127
    Series: Discussion papers / Statistics Norway, Research Department ; 960
    Subjects: Wealth tax; administrative data; distributional effects; efficiency loss
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The guide to the CIT-IRP5 panel version 4.0
    Author: Ebrahim, Amina; Kreuser, Friedrich; Kilumelume, Michael
    Published: November 2021
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper presents version 4.0 of the CIT-IRP5 firm-level panel dataset. Version 4.0 is the latest edition of the firm-level component of the combined administrative data using sources from the South African Revenue Service. We show that differences... more

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    This paper presents version 4.0 of the CIT-IRP5 firm-level panel dataset. Version 4.0 is the latest edition of the firm-level component of the combined administrative data using sources from the South African Revenue Service. We show that differences in forms and vintages do generally not preclude consistent identification of output, employment, cost of sales, and capital stock over time. We discuss the inclusion of contributions by other researchers in the classification of multi-national firms, industry, and employment income. The tax dataset is shown to have within-firm consistency with previous versions of the data, and the improvements to the data result in greater consistency with external data sources.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292671136
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    hdl: 10419/249479
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 173
    Subjects: administrative data; tax; firm-level
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  15. Income risk inequality
    evidence from Spanish administrative records
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane; De Vera, Micole; Hospido, Laura; Wei, Siqi
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  Centro de estudios monetarios y financieros, Madrid, Spain

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Working paper / CEMFI ; 2109
    Subjects: Spain; income dynamics; administrative data; income risk; inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Income risk inequality
    evidence from Spanish administrative records
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane; De Vera, Micole; Hospido, Laura; Wei, Siqi
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    In this paper we use administrative data from the social security to study income dynamics and income risk inequality in Spain between 2005 and 2018. We construct individual measures of income risk as functions of past employment history, income, and... more

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    In this paper we use administrative data from the social security to study income dynamics and income risk inequality in Spain between 2005 and 2018. We construct individual measures of income risk as functions of past employment history, income, and demographics. Focusing on males, we document that income risk is highly unequal in Spain: more than half of the economy has close to perfect predictability of their income, while some face considerable uncertainty. Income risk is inversely related to income and age, and income risk inequality increases markedly in the recession. These findings are robust to a variety of specifications, including using neural networks for prediction and allowing for individual unobserved heterogeneity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249692
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 37
    Subjects: Spain; income dynamics; administrative data; income risk; inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The (heterogenous) economic effects of private equity buyouts
    Author: Davis, Steven J.; Haltiwanger, John C.; Handley, Kyle; Lerner, Joshua; Lipsius, Ben; Miranda, Javier
    Published: [18. März 2022]
    Publisher:  Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) - Member of the Leibniz Association, Halle (Saale), Germany

    The effects of private equity buyouts on employment, productivity, and job reallocation vary tremendously with macroeconomic and credit conditions, across private equity groups, and by type of buyout. We reach this conclusion by examining the most... more

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    The effects of private equity buyouts on employment, productivity, and job reallocation vary tremendously with macroeconomic and credit conditions, across private equity groups, and by type of buyout. We reach this conclusion by examining the most extensive database of U.S. buyouts ever compiled, encompassing thousands of buyout targets from 1980 to 2013 and millions of control firms. Employment shrinks 13% over two years after buyouts of publicly listed firms - on average, and relative to control firms - but expands 13% after buyouts of privately held firms. Post-buyout productivity gains at target firms are large on average and much larger yet for deals executed amidst tight credit conditions. A post-buyout tightening of credit conditions or slowing of GDP growth curtails employment growth and intra-firm job reallocation at target firms. We also show that buyout effects differ across the private equity groups that sponsor buyouts, and these differences persist over time at the group level. Rapid upscaling in deal flow at the group level brings lower employment growth at target firms.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/251587
    Series: IWH discussion papers ; 2022, no. 10 (March 2022)
    Subjects: Private Equity; Übernahme; Wirkungsanalyse; Beschäftigungseffekt; USA; administrative data; business cycle; credit conditions; employment; private equity; productivity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 90 Seiten, 3,58 MB), Diagramme
  18. Recruiting intensity and hiring practices
    cross-sectional and time-series evidence
    Author: Lochner, Benjamin; Merkl, Christian; Stüber, Heiko; Gürtzgen, Nicole
    Published: November 2020
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Using the German IAB Job Vacancy Survey, we look into the black box of recruiting intensity and hiring practices from the employers' perspective. Our paper evaluates three important channels for hiring - namely vacancy posting, the selectivity of... more

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    Using the German IAB Job Vacancy Survey, we look into the black box of recruiting intensity and hiring practices from the employers' perspective. Our paper evaluates three important channels for hiring - namely vacancy posting, the selectivity of hiring (labor selection), and the number of search channels - through the lens of an undirected search model. Vacancy posting and labor selection show a U-shape over the employment growth distribution. The number of search channels is also upward sloping for growing establishments, but relatively flat for shrinking establishments. We argue that growing establishments react to positive establishment-specific productivity shocks by using all three channels more actively. Furthermore, we connect the fact that shrinking establishments post more vacancies and are less selective than those with a constant workforce to churn triggered by employment-to-employment transitions. In line with our theoretical framework, all three hiring margins are procyclical over the business cycle.

     
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    hdl: 10419/229502
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8684 (2020)
    Subjects: recruiting intensity; vacancies; labor selection; administrative data; survey data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Maternal and infant health inequality
    new evidence from linked administrative data
    Author: Kennedy-Moulton, Kate; Miller, Sarah; Persson, Petra; Rossin-Slater, Maya; Wherry, Laura R.; Aldana, Gloria
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We use linked administrative data on the universe of California births to provide novel evidence on economic inequality in infant and maternal health. Infants and mothers at the top of the income distribution have worse birth and morbidity outcomes... more

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    We use linked administrative data on the universe of California births to provide novel evidence on economic inequality in infant and maternal health. Infants and mothers at the top of the income distribution have worse birth and morbidity outcomes than their lowest-income counterparts, but are nevertheless the least likely to die in the year following birth. Racial disparities swamp these income disparities, with no racial convergence in health outcomes as income rises. A comparison with Sweden shows that infant and maternal health is worse in California at virtually all income levels.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272372
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15745
    Subjects: Mütter; Kinder; Gesundheit; Sterblichkeit; Kindersterblichkeit; Einkommensverteilung; USA; maternal and infant health; health disparities; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. To include or not to include?
    firm employment decisions with respect to the German disabled worker quota
    Author: Hiesinger, Karolin
    Published: 16 November 2022
    Publisher:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg, Germany

    This paper analyzes whether financial disincentives affect firm demand for disabled workers. In Germany, firms must pay a noncompliance fine if they do not meet their legal quota for disabled workers. I exploit a threshold in this quota: Firms with... more

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    This paper analyzes whether financial disincentives affect firm demand for disabled workers. In Germany, firms must pay a noncompliance fine if they do not meet their legal quota for disabled workers. I exploit a threshold in this quota: Firms with fewer than 40 employees are required to employ one disabled worker, whereas firms with 40 or more employees must employ two disabled workers. Using administrative firm data, my results suggest that firms respond partially to the threshold and employ 0.388 more disabled workers when they are located just above the threshold. The effect remains positive after correcting for bunching behavior. In Deutschland müssen Unternehmen eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen, wenn sie die gesetzliche Quote zur Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen nicht erfüllen. Im vorliegenden Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit die Ausgleichsabgabe die Arbeitsnachfrage von Unternehmen beeinflusst. Dabei nutze ich eine Schwellenwertregelung innerhalb der Schwerbehindertenquote: Unternehmen mit mindestens 20, aber weniger als 40 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens eine Person mit Schwerbehinderung beschäftigen, Unternehmen mit mindestens 40, aber weniger als 60 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens zwei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen. Mit Hilfe administrativer Unternehmensdaten schätze ich den Schwellenwerteffekt auf die Anzahl der Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen im Unternehmen. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen zum Teil auf die Regelung reagieren und im Durchschnitt 0,388 mehr Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen, wenn sie sich knapp oberhalb des Schwellenwertes befinden. Dieser Effekt bleibt auch dann positiv, wenn berücksichtigt wird, dass manche Unternehmen bewusst unterhalb der Schwelle bleiben.

     
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    hdl: 10419/270316
    Series: IAB-discussion paper ; 2022, 25
    Subjects: disability; employment quota; noncompliance fine; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Nonresponse bias in economic surveys
    evidence from merging Israeli administrative and survey data
    Author: Heffetz, Ori; Reeves, Daniel B.
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  The Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research in Israel Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel

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    Series: Discussion paper / Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research in Israel Ltd. ; no. 22, 01
    Subjects: nonresponse bias; selection bias; survey data; administrative data; difficulty of reaching; number of contact attempts; paradata; unemployment; expenditure; income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Top earners and earnings inequality during the COVID-19 pandemic
    evidence from Ecuadorian administrative data
    Author: Bargain, Olivier; Carrillo-Maldonado, Paul; Jara, H. Xavier
    Published: January 2023
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper aims to assess the extent to which top earners in Ecuador were affected by the COVID-19 crisis compared to other segments of the population. Our analysis uses administrative data for individuals affiliated to social security between... more

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    This paper aims to assess the extent to which top earners in Ecuador were affected by the COVID-19 crisis compared to other segments of the population. Our analysis uses administrative data for individuals affiliated to social security between January 2019 and December 2021. We identify the top 10, 1, and 0.1 per cent of earners in 2019 and analyse changes in their monthly earnings during the pandemic compared to those of the rest of the registered workforce. Our analysis shows that the only group that experienced a recovery in employment was workers who were not at the top of the pre-pandemic earnings distribution. Conditional on being in registered employment, mean earnings also dropped in the second quarter of 2020 across all earning groups (top and non-top). By the end of 2021, earnings had recovered for non-top earners and the top 10 per cent group. However, earnings remained below pre-pandemic levels in the top 1 per cent and top 0.1 per cent groups. Finally, earning disparities across population subgroups substantially increased among individuals who were not at the top of the earnings distribution.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292673123
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    hdl: 10419/283700
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 4
    Subjects: top earners; employment; earning disparities; COVID-19; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Equitable use of subsidized child care in Georgia
    Author: Goldring, Thomas; Ribar, David C.
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    High-quality childcare services are vital to children's development and family wellbeing but are not equitably accessed by all children. Programs supported by the Child Care Development Fund (CCDF) have the potential to reduce these inequities.... more

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    High-quality childcare services are vital to children's development and family wellbeing but are not equitably accessed by all children. Programs supported by the Child Care Development Fund (CCDF) have the potential to reduce these inequities. Economically eligible Black children use CCDF-supported services at higher rates than other children, but less is known about disparities in the characteristics of those services. This study uses weekly subsidy records from Georgia's Childcare and Parent Services (CAPS) program to examine racial, ethnic, and geographic differences in the types, modes, quality, proximity, and stability of care and in subsidy payments, co-payments, and subsidy use. The study distinguishes between unconditional differences that it observes in children's experiences and conditional disparities that it estimates after accounting for children's needs and other characteristics. It interprets the conditional disparities as evidence of inequity. The analysis uncovers many unconditional racial and ethnic differences in subsidized care outcomes and several geographic differences. However, the study finds fewer (and mostly smaller) conditional differences, including very few conditional differences between non-Hispanic Black and White children. The results suggest that there is substantial equity in participating children's use of CAPS services.

     
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    hdl: 10419/295925
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16902
    Subjects: equity; childcare arrangements; subsidized child care; race and ethnicity; geography; administrative data; Georgia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Causal forests with fixed effects for treatment effect heterogeneity in difference-in-differences
    Author: Kattenberg, Mark; Scheer, Bas; Thiel, Jurre
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  [CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis], [The Hague]

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    Series: CPB discussion paper
    Subjects: causal forest; difference-in-differences; fixed effects; treatment effect heterogeneity; alternative work arrangements; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Behavioral responses to wealth taxation
    evidence from a Norwegian reform
    Author: Iacono, Roberto; Smedsvik, Bård
    Published: December 2023
    Publisher:  International Inequalities Institute, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Series: Working paper / LSE International Inequalities Institute ; 130
    Subjects: Wealth tax; administrative data; mobility effects
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