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  1. The distributional effects of fiscal consolidation
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  IMF, Washington, DC

    This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation. Using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009, we find that fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional... more

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    This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation. Using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009, we find that fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional effects by raising inequality, decreasing wage income shares and increasing long-term unemployment. The evidence also suggests that spending-based adjustments have had, on average, larger distributional effects than tax-based adjustments

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781475551945
    Other identifier:
    Series: IMF working paper ; 13/151
    Subjects: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Einkommensverteilung; Verteilungswirkung; OECD-Staaten
    Scope: Online-Ressource (23 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Description based upon print version of record

    Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Data; A. Inequality, Income Shares and Unemployment; B. Fiscal Consolidation Episodes; C. Inequality and Fiscal Consolidation; III. Empirical Methodology; IV. Results; A. Gini Coefficient for Disposable Income; Spending versus taxes-based consolidation episodes; B. Wage vs. Profit and Rent Income; C. Short vs. Long-term Unemployment; V. Conclusions and Policy Implications; References; Figures; 1. Cumulative Change in the Gini Coefficient before and after Consolidation Measures

    2. Cumulative Change in the Share of Wage Income in GDP before and after Consolidation Measures (% of GDP)3. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality; 4. The effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality - Robustness Check for Different Set of Controls; 5. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality-Robustness Check for Different Lags; 6. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality-Spending vs. Taxes-based Measures; 7. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Wage Income; 8. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Wage vs. Profit and Rent Income

    9. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Wage Income-spending vs. Taxes Based Measures (percent change)10. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Short and Long-term Unemployment; Appendix; Table A1. Descriptive Statistics and Sources
  2. An application of distribution-neutral fiscal policy
    Author: Gupta, Sanjeev; Marjit, Sugata; Sarkar, Sandip
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Distribution neutral fiscal policy refers to a structure of taxes and transfers that keep the income distribution unchanged even after positive or negative shocks to an economy. This is referred to as a Strong Pareto Superior (SPS) allocation which... more

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    Distribution neutral fiscal policy refers to a structure of taxes and transfers that keep the income distribution unchanged even after positive or negative shocks to an economy. This is referred to as a Strong Pareto Superior (SPS) allocation which improves the standard Pareto criterion by keeping the degree of inequality, but not the absolute level of income intact. We apply this methodology to India to compute SPS tax rates and determine their proximity to actual tax rates. Limited available data on income and expenditure shows that the official policies so far are close to desired benchmark level. Our methodological contribution will be enriched further with more detailed income tax and transfer data

     
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  3. Overcoming wealth inequality by capital taxes that finance public investment
    Author: Mattauch, Linus; Klenert, David; Stiglitz, Joseph E.; Edenhofer, Ottmar
    Published: October 2018
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25126
    Subjects: Vermögensverteilung; Vermögensteuer; Verteilungswirkung; Substitutionselastizität; Arbeit; Kapital; OECD-Staaten
    Scope: 50 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  4. Backward incidence of environmental regulation in partial equilibrium
    a unified dual approach
    Author: Ebert, Udo
    Published: 2004
    Publisher:  Inst. für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Univ., Oldenburg

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    RVK Categories: QB 910 ; QH 234
    Series: Array ; 264
    Subjects: Umweltpolitik; Lieferantenmanagement; Externer Effekt; Partielles Gleichgewicht; Beschäftigungseffekt; Theorie; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 34 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Literaturverz. S. 18
  5. Higher education funding reforms
    a comprehensive analysis of educational and labour market outcomes in England
    Author: Azmat, Ghazala; Simion, Stefania
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CEP discussion paper ; no 1529 (February 2018)
    Subjects: Studienfinanzierung; Hochschulreform; Wirkungsanalyse; Bildungsverhalten; Bildungsertrag; Verteilungswirkung; Schätzung; Großbritannien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Safety net investments in children
    Author: Hoynes, Hilary W.; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore
    Published: May 2018
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24594
    Subjects: Soziale Sicherheit; Kinder; Verteilungswirkung; Kinderarmut; Wirkungsanalyse; USA
    Scope: 65 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  7. Distributional impact analysis
    toolkit and illustrations of impacts beyond the average treatment effect
    Author: Bedoya, Guadalupe; Bittarello, Luca; Davis, Jonathan; Mittag, Nikolas
    Published: July 2017
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Research Group, Impact Evaluation Team, Washington, D.C.

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8139
    Subjects: Verteilungswirkung; Politikfeldanalyse
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The poverty implications of alternative tax reforms
    results from a numerical application to Pakistan
    Author: Feltenstein, Andrew; Mejía Mantilla, Carolina; Newhouse, David Locke; Sedrakyan, Gohar
    Published: August 2017
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice Group, Washington, D.C.

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8164
    Subjects: Steuerreform; Steuerinzidenz; Verteilungswirkung; CGE-Modell; Pakistan
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Fiscal and welfare impacts of electricity subsidies in Central America
    Contributor: Hernández Oré, Marco Antonio (HerausgeberIn); Álvaro Sánchez, Luis (HerausgeberIn); Sousa, Liliana D. (HerausgeberIn); Tornarolli, Leopoldo (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

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    C 279729
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Hernández Oré, Marco Antonio (HerausgeberIn); Álvaro Sánchez, Luis (HerausgeberIn); Sousa, Liliana D. (HerausgeberIn); Tornarolli, Leopoldo (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9781464811043
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    Series: Array
    Subjects: Energiesubstitution; Elektrizitätswirtschaft; Elektrizitätspolitik; Verteilungswirkung; Budgetinzidenz; Mittelamerika
    Scope: xxiv, 192 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Enthält 5 Beiträge
  10. Fiscal implications of central bank balance sheet policies
    Author: Orphanides, Athanasios
    Published: July 8, 2016
    Publisher:  MIT Sloan School of Management, [Cambridge, MA]

    Under ordinary circumstances, the fiscal implications of central bank policies tend to be seen as relatively minor and escape close scrutiny. The global financial crisis of 2008, however, demanded an extraordinary response by central banks which... more

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    Under ordinary circumstances, the fiscal implications of central bank policies tend to be seen as relatively minor and escape close scrutiny. The global financial crisis of 2008, however, demanded an extraordinary response by central banks which brought to light the immense power of central bank balance sheet policies as well as their major fiscal implications. Once the zero lower bound on interest rates is reached, expanding a central bank's balance sheet becomes the central instrument for providing additional monetary policy accommodation. However, with interest rates near zero, the line separating fiscal and monetary policy is blurred. Furthermore, discretionary decisions associated with asset purchases and liquidity provision, as well as with lender-of-last-resort operations benefiting private entities, can have major distributional effects that are ordinarily associated with fiscal policy. In the euro area, discretionary central bank decisions can have immense distributional effects across member states. However, decisions of this nature are incompatible with the role of unelected officials in democratic societies. Drawing on the response to the crisis by the Federal Reserve and the ECB, this paper explores the tensions arising from central bank balance sheet policies and addresses pertinent questions about the governance and accountability of independent central banks in a democratic society

     
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    Series: MIT Sloan School working paper ; 5168 (16)
    MIT Sloan Research Paper ; No. 5168-16
    Subjects: Quantitative Lockerung; Niedrigzinspolitik; Regelbindung versus Diskretion; Wirkungsanalyse; Münzgewinn; Schuldenübernahme; Verteilungswirkung; Eurozone; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The distribution of environmental damages
    Author: Hsiang, Solomon; Oliva, Paulina; Walker, Reed
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 23882
    Subjects: Umweltpolitik; Externer Effekt; Verteilungswirkung; Luftverschmutzung; Entwaldung; Klimawandel; USA
    Scope: 35 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  12. Backward incidence of environmental regulation in partial equilibrium
    a unified dual approach
    Author: Ebert, Udo
    Published: 2004
    Publisher:  Inst. für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Univ., Oldenburg

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    RVK Categories: QB 910 ; QH 234
    Series: Array ; 264
    Subjects: Umweltpolitik; Lieferantenmanagement; Externer Effekt; Partielles Gleichgewicht; Beschäftigungseffekt; Theorie; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 34 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Literaturverz. S. 18
  13. The German retirement benefit formula
    drawbacks and alternatives = Die Rentenformel in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung
    Author: Breyer, Friedrich; Kifmann, Mathias
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  DIW, Berlin

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    wrc 10.06:i/b28-326
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    RVK Categories: QB 910
    Series: Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin ; 326
    Subjects: Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung; Versicherungsmathematik; Generationengerechtigkeit; Gerechtigkeit; Deutschland; Verteilungswirkung; Rentenformel
    Scope: 19 S.
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    Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
  14. Backward incidence of environmental regulation in partial equilibrium
    a unified dual approach
    Author: Ebert, Udo
    Published: 2004
    Publisher:  Inst. für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Univ., Oldenburg

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    RVK Categories: QB 910 ; QH 234
    Series: Array ; 264
    Subjects: Umweltpolitik; Lieferantenmanagement; Externer Effekt; Partielles Gleichgewicht; Beschäftigungseffekt; Theorie; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 34 S., graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Literaturverz. S. 18
  15. Evaluating options for shifting tax burden to top income earners
    Author: Onrubia, Jorge; Picos, Fidel; Rodado, María del Carmen
    Published: November 2016
    Publisher:  European Commission, Sevilla, Spain

    During the last decade, research on income inequality has paid special attention to top income earners. At the same time, top marginal tax rates on upper income earners have declined sharply in many OECD countries. Discussions are still open on the... more

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    During the last decade, research on income inequality has paid special attention to top income earners. At the same time, top marginal tax rates on upper income earners have declined sharply in many OECD countries. Discussions are still open on the relationship between the increase of the income share of the richest and to what extent the tax burden should be shifted towards top income earners. In this paper we analyse these questions by building and computing a theoretical framework using the decomposition by income groups proposed by Lambert and Aronson (1993) and Alvaredo (2011). We show that for three types of revenue-neutral reforms based on Pfähler (1984) the redistributive effect is always higher than before the reform. When the size of the rich group is sufficiently small we also find that the best option is allocating tax changes proportionally to net income, and the worst doing it proportionally to tax liabilities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/202242
    Series: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2016, 5
    Subjects: Einkommensverteilung; Einkommensteuertarif; Steuerreform; Verteilungswirkung; Simulation; Spanien; inequality; personal income tax; redistribution; top incomes
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Assessing the net overall distributive effect of a congestion charge
    Author: Anable, Jillian; Goodwin, Phil
    Published: 12 Oct 2018
    Publisher:  International Transport Forum, Paris

    This paper offers new insights into the definition, measurement and operationalisation of different dimensions of social vulnerability to road user charges, using unique data sets available in the UK. Assessing distributional effects of road pricing... more

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    This paper offers new insights into the definition, measurement and operationalisation of different dimensions of social vulnerability to road user charges, using unique data sets available in the UK. Assessing distributional effects of road pricing or congestion charging schemes requires evaluating distributional patterns: who receives the benefits of reduced congestion and who receives the revenues collected? How these impacts change over time also needs consideration.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum ; no. [2018, 13]
    International Transport Forum Discussion Papers ; no.2018/13
    Subjects: Vulnerabilitätsanalyse; Verteilungswirkung; Verkehrsstau; Maut; Großbritannien; Transport
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Zählung der Reihe aus OECD iLibrary
  17. The distributional effects of fiscal consolidation
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  IMF, Washington, DC

    This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation. Using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009, we find that fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional... more

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    This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation. Using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009, we find that fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional effects by raising inequality, decreasing wage income shares and increasing long-term unemployment. The evidence also suggests that spending-based adjustments have had, on average, larger distributional effects than tax-based adjustments

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781475551945
    Other identifier:
    Series: IMF working paper ; 13/151
    Subjects: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Einkommensverteilung; Verteilungswirkung; OECD-Staaten
    Scope: Online-Ressource (23 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Description based upon print version of record

    Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Data; A. Inequality, Income Shares and Unemployment; B. Fiscal Consolidation Episodes; C. Inequality and Fiscal Consolidation; III. Empirical Methodology; IV. Results; A. Gini Coefficient for Disposable Income; Spending versus taxes-based consolidation episodes; B. Wage vs. Profit and Rent Income; C. Short vs. Long-term Unemployment; V. Conclusions and Policy Implications; References; Figures; 1. Cumulative Change in the Gini Coefficient before and after Consolidation Measures

    2. Cumulative Change in the Share of Wage Income in GDP before and after Consolidation Measures (% of GDP)3. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality; 4. The effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality - Robustness Check for Different Set of Controls; 5. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality-Robustness Check for Different Lags; 6. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Inequality-Spending vs. Taxes-based Measures; 7. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Wage Income; 8. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Wage vs. Profit and Rent Income

    9. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Wage Income-spending vs. Taxes Based Measures (percent change)10. The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Short and Long-term Unemployment; Appendix; Table A1. Descriptive Statistics and Sources
  18. Implications of a transition to a base pension scheme in Germany
    Author: Adamski, Karsten J.
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  Fachbereich Wirtschafts- und Organisationswiss., Univ. der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Discussion papers in statistics and quantitative economics ; 108
    Subjects: Rentenreform; Mindestrente; Deutschland; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 27 S, graph. Darst
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    Literaturangaben

    Hrsg. der Serie und Bd. 108: Wolf Krumbholz und Wilfried Seidel; Mithrsg.: u.a. Hartmut Hebbel
  19. Are education subsidies an efficient redistributive device?
    Author: Dur, Robert A. J.; Teulings, Coen N.
    Published: 2003

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Array ; 2003-024
    Subjects: Bildungsfinanzierung; Subvention; Optimale Besteuerung; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 29, [6] S, graph. Darst
  20. Professions, entrepreneurs, employees and the new German tax (cut) reform 2000
    a MICSIM microsimulation analysis of distributional impacts
    Author: Merz, Joachim; Stolze, Henning; Zwick, Markus
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  FFB, Lüneburg

    Mit der Steuerreform 2000 wurde das ambitionierteste Steuerreduktionsvorhaben in der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte beschlossen. In den Jahren von 1998 bis 2005 werden Steuerzahler von einer Nettoentlastung von insgesamt mehr als 100 Mrd. DM... more

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    Mit der Steuerreform 2000 wurde das ambitionierteste Steuerreduktionsvorhaben in der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte beschlossen. In den Jahren von 1998 bis 2005 werden Steuerzahler von einer Nettoentlastung von insgesamt mehr als 100 Mrd. DM profitieren. Man erwartet hierdurch eine Stimulation der privaten Ausgaben sowie der Investitionen, zwei wichtige Voraussetzungen für Wirtschaftswachstum und mehr Beschäftigung. Auf der Grundlage von Vergleichen zwischen dem früheren Steuersystem mit der Steuerreform von 2000 und dem Karlsruher Entwurf (einem Vorschlag einer Expertengruppe für weitere Einkommenssteuerreformen) werden in diesem Paper Verteilungs- und Umverteilungseffekte auf die Gruppe der Selbständigen (Freie Berufe und Unternehmer) und anderen sozioökonomischen Gruppen (z.B. unterschieden nach Geschlecht, Familientypus etc.) untersucht. Zusätzlich wird die Ungleichheitsverteilung einzelner sozioökonomischer Untergruppen im Vergleich zur gesamten Ungleichheit mit Hilfe einer Dekompositionsanalyse auf der Basis der Informationstheorie untersucht ...

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Diskussionspapier / Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe ; Nr. 34
    Subjects: Einkommensteuer; Steuerreform; Simulation; Entrepreneurship; Selbstständige; Angestellte; Deutschland; Verteilungswirkung; Mikrosimulation
    Scope: 100 S, graph. Darst, 30 cm
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in dt. Sprache

    Literaturverz. S. 73 - 74
  21. Capital-skill complementarity and the redistributive effects of social security reform
    Author: Casarico, Alessandra; Devillanova, Carlo
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  Univ., Center for Economic Studies [u.a.], Munich

    This paper analyses the general equilibrium implications of reforming pay-as-you-go pension system in an economy with heterogeneous agents, human capital investment and capital-skill complementarity. It shows that increasing funding delivers in the... more

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    This paper analyses the general equilibrium implications of reforming pay-as-you-go pension system in an economy with heterogeneous agents, human capital investment and capital-skill complementarity. It shows that increasing funding delivers in the long run higher physical and human capital and therefore higher output, but also higher wage and income inequality. The latter affects preferences over the degree of redistribution of e remaining pay-as-you-go component: despite the greater role that edistribution could perform in the new steady state, we find a preference for lower redistribution for a larger group of the population.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    RVK Categories: QB 910
    Series: Array ; 1038
    Subjects: Rentenfinanzierung; Umlageverfahren; Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung; Faktorsubstitution; Theorie; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 16 S, graph. Darst
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    Literaturverz. S. 12 - 14
  22. The distributional effects of international fragmentation
    Author: Kohler, Wilhelm
    Published: 2002

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper / Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre ; 0201
    Subjects: Globalisierung; Outsourcing; Faktorproportionentheorem; Welt; Verteilungswirkung
    Scope: 38 S, graph. Darst
  23. The Distributional Effects of U.S. Tax Credits for Heat Pumps, Solar Panels, and Electric Vehicles
    Author: Borenstein, Severin; Davis, Lucas W.
    Published: July 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Over the last two decades, U.S. households have received $47 billion in tax credits for buying heat pumps, solar panels, electric vehicles, and other "clean energy" technologies. Using information from tax returns, we show that these tax credits have... more

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    Over the last two decades, U.S. households have received $47 billion in tax credits for buying heat pumps, solar panels, electric vehicles, and other "clean energy" technologies. Using information from tax returns, we show that these tax credits have gone predominantly to higher-income households. The bottom three income quintiles have received about 10% of all credits, while the top quintile has received about 60%. The most extreme is the tax credit for electric vehicles, for which the top quintile has received more than 80% of all credits. The concentration of tax credits among high-income filers is relatively constant over time, though we do find a slight broadening for the electric vehicle credit since 2018. The paper then turns to the related question of cost effectiveness, examining how clean energy technology adoption has changed over time and discussing some of the broader economic considerations for this type of tax credit

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32688
    Subjects: Steuervergünstigung; Solartechnik; Elektrofahrzeug; Wärmepumpe; Verteilungswirkung; USA; Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies; Alternative Energy Sources; Government Policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  24. A macro study of the unequal effects of climate change
    Author: Fried, Stephie
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, [San Francisco, CA]

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    Series: Working papers series / Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ; 2024, 18 (May 2024)
    Subjects: Klimawandel; Verteilungswirkung; Privater Haushalt; Haushaltseinkommen; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Taxation alternatives for India’s energy transition ESAM analysis
    Author: Verma, Rajat; Bhandari, Laveesh
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Centre for Social and Economic Progress, New Delhi, India

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    Series: CSEP working paper ; 81 (August 2024)
    Subjects: Energiewende; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Steuereinnahmen; Mineralölsteuer; Ökosteuer; Energiesteuer; Umsatzsteuer; Verteilungswirkung; Indien; 2019-2020
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen