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Displaying results 1 to 6 of 6.

  1. Cars in Europe
    supply chains and spillovers during COVID-19 times
    Author: Boranova, Vizhdan; Huidrom, Raju; Ozturk, Ezgi; Stepanyan, Ara; Topalova, Petia; Zhang, Shihangyin
    Published: 2022 JAN
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of... more

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    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of global pandemic-induced labor supply shocks-both directly and via supply chains-during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the auto sector and aggregate activity in Europe. Our results suggest that these labor supply shocks would have a significant adverse impact on the major auto producers in Europe, with one-third of the decline in the value added of the car sector attributable to spillovers via supply chains within and across borders. Within borders, the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks in the services sector have a bigger adverse impact, reflecting their larger size and associated demand effects. Across borders, spillovers from the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks that originate in other European countries are larger than those that originate outside the region, though the latter are still sizable

     
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  2. Supply chains and port congestion around the world
    Author: Komaromi, Andras; Cerdeiro, Diego A.; Liu, Yang
    Published: 2022 MAR
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Rising prices and reports of empty shelves in major economies have drawn attention to the functioning of supply chains that normally operate smoothly in the background. Among the issues, the long delays that port congestion may have caused in... more

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    Bibliothek der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg/Breisgau
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Heidenheim, Bibliothek
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    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Mosbach, Bibliothek
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    Hochschule Offenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Bibliothek Campus Offenburg
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    E-Book International Monetary Fund
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    Hochschulbibliothek Pforzheim, Bereichsbibliothek Technik und Wirtschaft
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    Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen, Bibliothek Sigmaringen
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Villingen-Schwenningen, Bibliothek
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    E_Book IMF
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    Rising prices and reports of empty shelves in major economies have drawn attention to the functioning of supply chains that normally operate smoothly in the background. Among the issues, the long delays that port congestion may have caused in delivering goods to consumers and firms have been gathering increasing attention. We shed light on these issues leveraging a unique data set on maritime transport. Two main features emerge. First, at the world level, we find that shipping times jumped upwards as soon as the COVID crisis hit, and after a marked acceleration from end-2020, delays surpassed 1.5 days on average by December 2021 - or roughly a 25 percent increase in global travel times. The estimated additional days in transit for the average shipment in December 2021 can be compared to an ad-valorem tariff of 0.9 to 3.1 percent. The midpoint of this range is approximately equal, in absolute value, to the global applied tariff reduction achieved over the 14-year period from 2003 to 2017. Second, not all congestion appears related to increased demand. Many ports, especially since mid-2021, exhibit longer wait times despite handling less cargo than pre-pandemic. Infrastructure upgrading is therefore likely a necessary, but not sufficient condition for building resilience during a crisis where other factors (such as labor shortages) may also become binding

     
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  3. Supply bottlenecks
    where, why, how much, and what next?
    Author: Celasun, Oya; Hansen, Niels-Jakob Harbo; Mineshima, Aiko; Spector, Mariano; Zhou, Jing
    Published: 2022 FEB
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Supply constraints hurt the economic recovery and boosted inflation in 2021. We find that in the euro area, manufacturing output and GDP would have been about 6 and 2 percent higher, respectively, and half of the rise in manufacturing producer price... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signature:
    Online
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    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Location:
    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitätsbibliothek Erfurt / Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Universitätsbibliothek Erfurt
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    Bibliothek der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg/Breisgau
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Technische Universität Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Heidenheim, Bibliothek
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    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
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    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Mosbach, Bibliothek
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    Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen, Bibliothek Sigmaringen
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Villingen-Schwenningen, Bibliothek
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    E_Book IMF
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    Supply constraints hurt the economic recovery and boosted inflation in 2021. We find that in the euro area, manufacturing output and GDP would have been about 6 and 2 percent higher, respectively, and half of the rise in manufacturing producer price inflation would not have occurred in the absence of supply bottlenecks. Globally, shutdowns can explain up to 40 percent of the supply shocks. Sectors that are more reliant on differentiated inputs-such as autos-are harder hit. Late last year industry experts expected supply shortages for autos to largely dissipate by mid-2022 and broader bottlenecks by end-2022, but given the Omicron wave, disruptions will last for longer, possibly into 2023. With supply constraints adding to price pressures, the challenge for policymakers is to support recovery without allowing high inflation to become entrenched

     
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  4. Supply chains and port congestion around the world
    Author: Komaromi, Andras; Cerdeiro, Diego A.; Liu, Yang
    Published: 2022 MAR
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Rising prices and reports of empty shelves in major economies have drawn attention to the functioning of supply chains that normally operate smoothly in the background. Among the issues, the long delays that port congestion may have caused in... more

    Access:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan

     

    Rising prices and reports of empty shelves in major economies have drawn attention to the functioning of supply chains that normally operate smoothly in the background. Among the issues, the long delays that port congestion may have caused in delivering goods to consumers and firms have been gathering increasing attention. We shed light on these issues leveraging a unique data set on maritime transport. Two main features emerge. First, at the world level, we find that shipping times jumped upwards as soon as the COVID crisis hit, and after a marked acceleration from end-2020, delays surpassed 1.5 days on average by December 2021 - or roughly a 25 percent increase in global travel times. The estimated additional days in transit for the average shipment in December 2021 can be compared to an ad-valorem tariff of 0.9 to 3.1 percent. The midpoint of this range is approximately equal, in absolute value, to the global applied tariff reduction achieved over the 14-year period from 2003 to 2017. Second, not all congestion appears related to increased demand. Many ports, especially since mid-2021, exhibit longer wait times despite handling less cargo than pre-pandemic. Infrastructure upgrading is therefore likely a necessary, but not sufficient condition for building resilience during a crisis where other factors (such as labor shortages) may also become binding

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
  5. Supply bottlenecks
    where, why, how much, and what next?
    Author: Celasun, Oya; Hansen, Niels-Jakob Harbo; Mineshima, Aiko; Spector, Mariano; Zhou, Jing
    Published: 2022 FEB
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Supply constraints hurt the economic recovery and boosted inflation in 2021. We find that in the euro area, manufacturing output and GDP would have been about 6 and 2 percent higher, respectively, and half of the rise in manufacturing producer price... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Inter-library loan:
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan

     

    Supply constraints hurt the economic recovery and boosted inflation in 2021. We find that in the euro area, manufacturing output and GDP would have been about 6 and 2 percent higher, respectively, and half of the rise in manufacturing producer price inflation would not have occurred in the absence of supply bottlenecks. Globally, shutdowns can explain up to 40 percent of the supply shocks. Sectors that are more reliant on differentiated inputs-such as autos-are harder hit. Late last year industry experts expected supply shortages for autos to largely dissipate by mid-2022 and broader bottlenecks by end-2022, but given the Omicron wave, disruptions will last for longer, possibly into 2023. With supply constraints adding to price pressures, the challenge for policymakers is to support recovery without allowing high inflation to become entrenched

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file
  6. Cars in Europe
    supply chains and spillovers during COVID-19 times
    Author: Boranova, Vizhdan; Huidrom, Raju; Ozturk, Ezgi; Stepanyan, Ara; Topalova, Petia; Zhang, Shihangyin
    Published: 2022 JAN
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Inter-library loan:
    Unlimited inter-library loan, copies and loan

     

    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of global pandemic-induced labor supply shocks-both directly and via supply chains-during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the auto sector and aggregate activity in Europe. Our results suggest that these labor supply shocks would have a significant adverse impact on the major auto producers in Europe, with one-third of the decline in the value added of the car sector attributable to spillovers via supply chains within and across borders. Within borders, the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks in the services sector have a bigger adverse impact, reflecting their larger size and associated demand effects. Across borders, spillovers from the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks that originate in other European countries are larger than those that originate outside the region, though the latter are still sizable

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
      BibTeX file