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  1. Subventionen und Zuwendungen des Landes Niedersachsen
    Published: 1999-[2022]
    Publisher:  Niedersächsisches Finanzministerium, Hannover

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Zsn 107964
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    1998/2002 - 15.2021/25
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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    UB
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    Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
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    Z 1999 B 1901
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    1.1998 - 2023
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    Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
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    Z 1999 B 1901
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    1.1998 - 2023

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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    1 : Z 324
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    Arbeitsgemeinschaft Niedersächsischer Behördenbibliotheken
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    Lesesaal
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    1.1998/2002(1999) - 6.2003/07; 7.2005/09 -
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    Arbeitsgemeinschaft Niedersächsischer Behördenbibliotheken
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    1.1998/2002(1999) - 2.1999/2003(2000); 3.2000/04 - 6.2003/07; 7.2005/09 -
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    Arbeitsgemeinschaft Niedersächsischer Behördenbibliotheken
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    ML
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    2009/2013(2010) ; 2015/2019(2016)
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    Location:
    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
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    ZB 2240
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    1.1998/2002(1999) - 6.2003/07; 7.2005/09 - 15.2021/25
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    Location:
    Niedersächsischer Landtag, Bibliothek
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    Zx 338
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    1.1998/2002(1999) - 6.2003/07; 7.2005/09 - 15.2021/2025
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    Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv, Abteilung Hannover, Dienstbibliothek
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    AP Nr. 01413
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    2002/2006; 2003/2007
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Z oek 3070 2cr/20
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Y 38693
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    1998/2002 - 2003/07; 7.2005/09(2006) - 2019/2023
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    Landesbibliothek Oldenburg
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    ZS 6185
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    2.1999/2003(2000) - 14.2019/2023
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    Universitätsbibliothek Osnabrück
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    Z 10217
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    3.2000/04(2001) - 6.2003/07(2004); 7.2005/09 - 14.2019/23
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    Deutsche Universität für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer, Universitätsbibliothek
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    60 H 3
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    1.1998/2002(1999) - 15.2021/25(2022)
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    Universitätsbibliothek Vechta
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    319213
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    2.1999/2003(2000) - 11.2013/17(2014)
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    Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel
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    F4° 1472
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    1998/2002(1999) - 2017/2021(2018)
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Corporations / Congresses:
    Niedersachsen (VerfasserIn)
    Subjects: Subvention; Länderhaushalt; Niedersachsen
    Scope: 30 cm
    Notes:

    Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe

    Zählung im Vorw.; ersch. ab 2003/07 alle 2 Jahre
  2. Blocking ambition
    fossil fuel subsidies in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador
    Author: McKenzie, Janetta; Beedell, Estan; Corkal, Vanessa
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: IISD report
    Subjects: Fossile Energie; Subvention; Alberta; British Columbia; Neufundland und Labrador; Saskatchewan; Kanada
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. South Africa's energy fiscal policies
    an inventory of subsidies, taxes, and policies impacting the energy transition
    Author: Bridle, Richard; Muzondo, Chido; Schmidt, Max; Laan, Tara; Viswamohanan, Anjali; Geddes, Anna
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: GSI report
    Subjects: Energiewende; Energiepreis; Energiesteuer; Subvention; Ökosteuer; Energiepolitik; Südafrika
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Welfare Implications of Electric-Bike Subsidies
    Evidence from Sweden
    Author: Anderson, Anders; Hong, Harrison G.
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Electric bikes are a potentially important tool to address global warming since they can be a viable alternative to cars in urban areas. Governments are using subsidies to promote household adoption. Welfare analyses are challenging, requiring... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Electric bikes are a potentially important tool to address global warming since they can be a viable alternative to cars in urban areas. Governments are using subsidies to promote household adoption. Welfare analyses are challenging, requiring pass-through estimates from transactions, incidence of non-additionality (i.e. those who would have bought even without the subsidy), and resulting substitution from driving. We combine administrative, insurance and survey data from a large-scale Swedish subsidy program in 2018, which is similar to other programs around world, to evaluate these implications. We find (1) complete pass through of the average $500 subsidy to consumers, (2) a near doubling of E-bikes sold but one-third of adopters are non-additional; and (3) a savings of 1.3 tons of carbon emissions during the life of the E-bike. Combining these estimates, an E-bike subsidy program can only be justified with a social cost of carbon that is several hundred dollars higher than what is typically used

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29913
    Subjects: Fahrrad; Subvention; Substitutionseffekt; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse; Schweden
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  5. Who wins and who loses from state subsidies?
    Author: Du, Jun; Girma, Sourafel; Görg, Holger; Stepanok, Ignat
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    China is perceived to rely on subsidizing firms in targeted industries to improve their performance and stay competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on subsidized and... more

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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    China is perceived to rely on subsidizing firms in targeted industries to improve their performance and stay competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on subsidized and non-subsidized firms. We find that firms that receive subsidies experience a boost for productivity. However, our approach highlights the importance of indirect effects, which are generally neglected in the literature. We find that, in general but not always, non-subsidized firms experience reductions in their productivity growth if they operate in a cluster where other firms are subsidized. These negative externalities depend on the share of firms that receive subsidies in the cluster. Aggregating direct and indirect effects into a (weighted) total effect shows that this negative indirect effect tends to dominate. We interpret our results in the light of a simple heterogenous firm type model, which highlights that subsidization, in a competitive environment of firms, may potentially harm non-subsidized firms.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263465
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15249
    Subjects: Subvention; Unternehmenserfolg; Externer Effekt; Kausalanalyse; China; subsidies; firm performance; treatment effects; externalities; China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Unternehmerisches Handeln und staatliche Unterstützungsmaßnahmen in der COVID-19-Pandemie
    Author: Terstriep, Judith; David, Alexandra; Rosenberger, Theresa; Schäfer, Susann; García Schmidt, Armando; Kay, Rosemarie; Dienes, Christian; Sajons, Christoph; Sänger, Ralf; Förster, Nadine
    Published: März 2022
    Publisher:  Westfälische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen, Institut Arbeit und Technik, Gelsenkirchen

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: ReCOVery policy brief
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Kleinstunternehmen; Selbstständige; Subvention; Deutschland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Who wins and who loses from state subsidies?
    Author: Du, Jun; Girma, Sourafel; Görg, Holger; Stepanok, Ignat
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, [Kiel]

    China is perceived to rely on subsidizing firms in targeted industries to improve their performance and stay competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on subsidized and... more

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    Location:
    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 3
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    China is perceived to rely on subsidizing firms in targeted industries to improve their performance and stay competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on subsidized and non-subsidized firms. We find that firms that receive subsidies experience a boost for productivity. However, our approach highlights the importance of indirect effects, which are generally neglected in the literature. We find that, in general but not always, non-subsidized firms experience reductions in their productivity growth if they operate in a cluster where other firms are subsidized. These negative externalities depend on the share of firms that receive subsidies in the cluster. Aggregating direct and indirect effects into a (weighted) total effect shows that this negative indirect effect tends to dominate. We interpret our results in the light of a simple heterogenous firm type model, which highlights that subsidization, in a competitive environment of firms, may potentially harm non-subsidized firms.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/256927
    Series: Kiel working paper ; no. 2220 (May 2022)
    Subjects: Subvention; Unternehmenserfolg; Externer Effekt; Kausalanalyse; China; Subsidies; Firm performance; Treatment effects; Externalities; China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Stock Market Stimulus
    Author: Greenwood, Robin; Laarits, Toomas; Wurgler, Jeffrey
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of "stimulus checks" to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of "stimulus checks" to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and share prices of retail-dominated portfolios. The Hong Kong payments increased overall market turnover and share prices in Hong Kong and mainland Chinese markets, especially in large-cap portfolios. We cannot rule out that these price effects were permanent. The findings raise novel questions about the role of fiscal stimulus in the stock market

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29827
    Subjects: Subvention; Wirtschaftskrise; Finanzkrise; Coronavirus; Wirkungsanalyse; Börsenkurs; Vergleich; USA; Hongkong
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  9. Fiscal Stimulus and Commercial Bank Lending Under COVID-19
    Author: Aizenman, Joshua; Jinjarak, Yothin; Spiegel, Mark
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We investigate the implications of extra-normal government spending under the COVID-19 pandemic for commercial bank lending growth between 2019Q4 and 2020Q4 in a large sample of over 3000 banks from 71 countries. We control for pre-pandemic... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We investigate the implications of extra-normal government spending under the COVID-19 pandemic for commercial bank lending growth between 2019Q4 and 2020Q4 in a large sample of over 3000 banks from 71 countries. We control for pre-pandemic structural factors, bank characteristics and government debt. To address the likely endogeneity of government assistance under the pandemic, we instrument for extra-normal spending using disparities in pre-existing national political characteristics for identification. Our results indicate that while higher government spending was associated with higher commercial bank lending, higher public debt going into the crisis weakened the expansionary effects of higher spending on bank lending at economically and statistically significant levels. Moreover, this sensitivity is higher among weaker banks, suggesting that bank lending responses to government spending under COVID-19 reflected the perceived implications of such spending for government assistance of the banking sector going forward. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, including perturbations in specification, sample, and estimation methodology

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29882
    Subjects: Finanzpolitik; Spezialbank; Subvention; Wirkungsanalyse; Öffentliche Schulden; Kreditgeschäft; Coronavirus; Welt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  10. Økonomiske konsekvenser av høye kraftpriser og strømstønad
    en empirisk studie av stønadsberettigede husholdninger, jordbruks- og veksthusforetak
    Author: Dalen, Hanne Marit; Halvorsen, Bente
    Published: 15. september 2022
    Publisher:  Statistisk sentralbyrå, [Oslo]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    ZSM 21
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Norwegian
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9788258715839
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11159/12304
    Series: Rapporter / Statistisk sentralbyrå ; 2022, 36
    Subjects: Strompreis; Subvention; Privater Haushalt; Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb; Gartenbau; Norwegen
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 131 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Why gas price caps and consumer subsidies are both extremely costly and ultimately futile
    Author: Gros, Daniel
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  CEPS, Brussels

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Nicht speichern
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CEPS policy insights ; no 2022, 28 (August 2022)
    Subjects: Gaspreis; Subvention; Energiekonsum; Externer Effekt; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Partielles Gleichgewicht; EU-Staaten
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  12. Was Pandemic Fiscal Relief Effective Fiscal Stimulus? Evidence from Aid to State and Local Governments
    Author: Clemens, Jeffrey; Hoxie, Philip G.; Veuger, Stan
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on variation in congressional representation to analyze the effects of federal aid to state and local governments across all four major pieces of COVID-19 response legislation. Through September... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on variation in congressional representation to analyze the effects of federal aid to state and local governments across all four major pieces of COVID-19 response legislation. Through September 2021, we estimate that the federal government allocated $855,000 for each state or local government job-year preserved. Our baseline confidence interval allows us to rule out estimates of less than $433,000. Our estimates of effects on aggregate income and output are centered on zero and imply modest if any spillover effects onto the broader economy. We discuss aspects of the pandemic context, which include the surprising resilience of state and local tax revenues as well as of broader macroeconomic conditions, that may underlie the small employment and stimulative impacts we estimate in comparison with previous research

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30168
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Föderalismus; Finanzpolitik; Subvention; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Wirkungsanalyse; Schätzung; USA; Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook; Structure and Scope of Government; State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  13. Can Fiscal Externalities Be Internalized?
    Author: Luttmer, Erzo F. P.
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Subsidies and in-kind transfers give rise to negative fiscal externalities. However, internalizing negative fiscal externalities through taxation would undo the subsidy or in-kind transfer that caused them. Similarly, positive fiscal externalities... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Subsidies and in-kind transfers give rise to negative fiscal externalities. However, internalizing negative fiscal externalities through taxation would undo the subsidy or in-kind transfer that caused them. Similarly, positive fiscal externalities cannot be internalized though government subsidies. This paper describes a mechanism that transfers fiscal externalities from the government to private parties. Such transfers generate incentives within the private sector to reduce inefficiencies caused by fiscal externalities. Thus, the paper offers a straightforward, but powerful, insight: transferring fiscal externalities to third parties extends the reach of the Coase Theorem to inefficiencies stemming from fiscal externalities

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30213
    Subjects: Subvention; Externer Effekt; Verteilungswirkung; Coase-Theorem; Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact; General; Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies; Social Innovation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  14. Welfare implications of electric-bike subsidies
    evidence from Sweden
    Author: Anderson, Anders; Hong, Harrison G.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets, Stockholm

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 870
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Misum working paper series ; no. 2022, 08 (March 2022)
    Subjects: Fahrrad; Subvention; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Soziale Kosten; Schweden
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Podmioty gospodarki światowej wobec pandemii COVID-19
    Author: Pawlas, Iwona Maria; Czech, Anna
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach, Katowice

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    B 430508
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  16. Sprit-Subventionen?
    Abmilderung sozialer Härten und nachhaltige Innovation nicht gegeneinander ausspielen
    Author: Bertschek, Irene; Bonin, Holger; Cantner, Uwe; Häussler, Carolin; Hölzle, Katharina; Requate, Tilman
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI), [Berlin]

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    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Policy brief / Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation ; 2022, 1
    Subjects: Benzinpreis; Dieselkraftstoff; Preis; Subvention; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Deutschland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 4 Seiten)
  17. Share Pledging in China
    Funding Listed Firms or Funding Entrepreneurship?
    Author: He, Zhiguo; Liu, Bibo; Zhu, Feifei
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper studies the connection between share pledging and entrepreneurial activities in China, challenging the common wisdom that share pledging funds circle back to the listed firms. Share pledging funds are at the discretion of the shareholders... more

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    This paper studies the connection between share pledging and entrepreneurial activities in China, challenging the common wisdom that share pledging funds circle back to the listed firms. Share pledging funds are at the discretion of the shareholders who pledge their publicly traded shares, and survey evidence shows that a majority of the largest shareholders (67.3%) used pledging funds outside the listed firms. By linking firm registration data with share pledging data, we show a positive relation between shareholders' pledging transactions and entrepreneurial activities. Utilizing the launch of the exchange market in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment that favors share pledging by natural person shareholders against that by legal entity shareholders, our difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis shows natural person shareholders increased their entrepreneurial activities significantly in response to the policy shock, relative to legal entity shareholders. In addition to various robustness checks, we also show that shareholders with better access to share pledging invest more heavily in industries with above-median growth potential

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29731
    Subjects: Unternehmensfinanzierung; Subvention; Aktiengesellschaft; Investmentfonds; Unternehmerinnen; China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  18. The 2021 Paycheck Protection Program Reboot
    Loan Disbursement to Employer and Nonemployer Businesses in Minority Communities
    Author: Fairlie, Robert W.; Fossen, Frank M.
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Was the $278 billion reboot of the $800 billion Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in early 2021 disbursed equitably to minority communities? This paper provides the first analysis of how PPP funds were disbursed to minority communities in the third... more

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    Was the $278 billion reboot of the $800 billion Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in early 2021 disbursed equitably to minority communities? This paper provides the first analysis of how PPP funds were disbursed to minority communities in the third and final round of the program, which was specifically targeted to underserved and disadvantaged communities. Using administrative microdata on the universe of PPP loans, we find a strong positive relationship between PPP flows, as measured by the number of loans per employer business or loan amounts per employee, and the minority share of the population or businesses in the third round. In contrast, the relationship was negative in the first round of 2020 and less positive in the second round of 2020. We find a stronger positive relationship between minority share and loan numbers or amounts to employer businesses for first draw loans than second draw loans in 2021 (capturing some persistence in inequities). The patterns are similar for loan numbers and amounts to nonemployer businesses but with a strong positive relationship with minority share for both first draw and second draw loans. The rebooted PPP that ran from January to May 2021 appears to have been disbursed to minority communities as intended

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29732
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Konjunktur; Stabilisierungspolitik; Subvention; KMU; Minderheit; Wirkungsanalyse; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  19. Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program
    Author: Chernenko, Sergey; Scharfstein, David
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive... more

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    Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans. Restaurant location explains 5 percentage points of this differential. Restaurant characteristics explain an additional 10 percentage points of the gap in PPP borrowing. On average, prior borrowing relationships do not explain disparities. The remaining 10% disparity is driven by a 17% disparity in PPP borrowing from banks, which is partially offset by greater borrowing from nonbanks, largely fintechs. Disparities in PPP borrowing cannot be attributed to lower awareness of PPP loans or lower demand for PPP loans by minority-owned restaurants. Black-owned restaurants are significantly less likely to receive bank PPP loans in counties with more racial bias. In these counties, Black-owned restaurants are more likely to substitute to nonbank PPP loans. This substitution, however, is not strong enough to eliminate racial disparities in PPP borrowing. Finally, we show that our findings apply more broadly across industries in a sample of firms that were likely eligible for PPP

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29748
    Subjects: Subvention; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftskrise; Florida; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  20. Drittstaatliche Subventionen auf dem Binnenmarkt der Europäischen Union
    Gegenmaßnahmen zwischen fairem Wettbewerb und europäischer Abschirmung
    Author: Schiering, Paul
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institut für Wirtschaftsrecht, Forschungsstelle für Transnationales Wirtschaftsrecht, Juristische und Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) ; Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt

    Während der Handelskonflikt zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und der Volksrepublik China spätestens seit der Präsidentschaft Donald Trumps im Fokus einer breiten Öffentlichkeit steht, hat auch die Europäische Union (EU) China als... more

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    Während der Handelskonflikt zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und der Volksrepublik China spätestens seit der Präsidentschaft Donald Trumps im Fokus einer breiten Öffentlichkeit steht, hat auch die Europäische Union (EU) China als Systemrivalen ausgemacht. Deswegen sah sich die EU veranlasst, die eigene Industriestrategie neu auszurichten. Dadurch sollen europäische Unternehmen auch zukünftig im Wettbewerb sowohl mit den US-Giganten als auch mit den oft staatlich stark geförderten Konkurrenten aus Fernost mithalten können. Gleichzeitig wird die EU nicht müde die Offenheit des EU-Binnenmarktes und ihr Bekenntnis zum regelbasierten multilateralen Handel zu betonen. In dieses Spannungsfeld hinein wurde ein völlig neuartiges Instrument erdacht. Die EU möchte eine Verordnung über den Binnenmarkt verzerrende drittstaatliche Subventionen schaffen, welche die Wettbewerber im Binnenmarkt im Hinblick auf drittstaatliche Finanzhilfen auf einem ausgeglichenen Spielfeld stellen soll. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob es sich dabei nicht viel eher um eine protektionistische Bestrebung der EU zum Schutz der eigenen Industrie handelt und welche Hürden sich aus dem Recht der EU und der Welthandelsorganisation ergeben können. While the trade conflict between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China has been the focus of widespread public attention since Donald Trump's presidency at the latest, the European Union (EU) has also identified China as a system rival. For this reason, the EU felt compelled to realign its own industrial strategy. The aim is to ensure that European companies are equipped to continue to compete with U.S. giants as well as with their competitors from the Far East, who are often heavily subsidized by the state. At the same time, the EU never tires of emphasizing the openness of the EU's internal market and its commitment to rules-based multilateral trade. In between both narratives, a completely new instrument has been devised. The EU wants to create a regulation on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market, which aims at putting competitors in the internal market on an level playing field with regard to foreign subsidies. This paper examines whether this is not much more of a protectionist effort by the EU to protect its own industry and what hurdles may arise under the law of the EU as well as of the World Trade Organization.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783966701587
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/299812
    Series: Beiträge zum Transnationalen Wirtschaftsrecht ; Heft 183 (August 2022)
    Subjects: EU-Binnenmarkt; Industriepolitik; Subvention; Ausländisch; EU-Beihilferecht; EU-Staaten
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (49 Seiten, 16,01 MB), Illustrationen
  21. Algorithm is experiment
    machine learning, market design, and policy eligibility rules
    Author: Narita, Yusuke; Yata, Kohei
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10086/72545
    Series: Working paper series / Center for Economic Institutions ; no. 2021, 5
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Krankenhaus; Subvention; Algorithmus; Künstliche Intelligenz; Kausalanalyse; Schätztheorie
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Evaluierung besonderer Härtefälle gemäß Nationalem Emissionszertifikatehandelsgesetz
    Author: Meinhart, Bettina; Sinabell, Franz; Baumgartner, Josef; Christen, Elisabeth; Sommer, Mark; Streicher, Gerhard; Windsperger, Andreas; Windsperger, Bernhard; Kapusta, Friedrich; Starnberger, Sonja; Luptáčik, Peter
    Published: Juli 2022
    Publisher:  WIFO, Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Wien

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    Content information
    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Langer, Irene (MitwirkendeR); Weinberger, Dietmar (MitwirkendeR)
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Subjects: EU-Emissionshandel; Subvention; Produktionskosten; Wettbewerb; Österreich; Energiekosten; Internalisierung; Treibhausgasabgabe
    Scope: IV, 80 Seiten, Illustrationen, 30 cm
  23. Algorithm is experiment
    machine learning, market design, and policy eligibility rules
    Author: Narita, Yusuke; Yata, Kohei
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan

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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10086/72549
    Series: Array ; no. 730
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Krankenhaus; Subvention; Algorithmus; Künstliche Intelligenz; Kausalanalyse; Schätztheorie
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Study on energy subsidies and other government interventions in the European Union
    final report
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789276584599
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    Edition: 2022 edition
    Subjects: Energiepreis; Subvention; Energiepolitik; Energiewende; EU-Staaten
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies in Colombia
    a crucial step towards a just energy transition
    Author: Picciariello, Angela; Quevedo, Adriana; Gençsü, Ipek
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  ODI, London

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: ODI working paper
    Subjects: Fossile Energie; Subvention; Energiewende; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien; Kolumbien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen