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  1. Ice(berg) transport costs
    Author: Bosker, Maarten; Buringh, Eltjo
    Published: 29 January 2018
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Array ; DP 12660
    Subjects: Transportkosten; Frachtschiff; Skalenertrag; Wirtschaftsgeschichte; Boston (Mass.)
    Scope: 27 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  2. Indivisibilities in distribution
    Author: Holmes, Thomas J.; Singer, Ethan
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (24525)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24525
    Subjects: Vertrieb; Frachtschifffahrt; Unteilbare Güter; Skalenertrag; Handelskette; Theorie; USA
    Scope: 46 Seiten, 25 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  3. Ice(berg) transport costs
    Author: Bosker, Maarten; Buringh, Eltjo
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo GmbH, Munich, Germany

    Iceberg transport costs are one of the main ingredients of modern trade and economic geography models: transport costs are modelled by assuming that a fraction of the goods shipped "melts in transit". In this paper, we investigate whether the iceberg... more

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    Iceberg transport costs are one of the main ingredients of modern trade and economic geography models: transport costs are modelled by assuming that a fraction of the goods shipped "melts in transit". In this paper, we investigate whether the iceberg assumption applies to the costs of transporting the only good that literally melts in transit: ice. Using detailed information on Boston's nineteenth-century global ice trade, we show that ice(berg) transport costs in practice were a combination of a true ad-valorem iceberg cost: melt in transit, and freight, (off)loading and insurance costs. The physics of the melt process and the practice of insulating the ice in transit imply an immediate violation of the iceberg assumption: shipping ice is subject to economies scale.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/176900
    Edition: This version: January 2018
    Series: Array ; no. 6881
    Subjects: Transportkosten; Frachtschiff; Skalenertrag; Wirtschaftsgeschichte; Boston (Mass.)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Productivity measurement, R&D assets and mark-ups in OECD countries
    Author: Schreyer, Paul; Zinni, Belen
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    A key feature of the 2008 revision of the System of National Accounts was the treatment of R&D expenditure as investment. The question arises whether the standard approach towards accounting for growth contribution of assets is justified given the... more

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    A key feature of the 2008 revision of the System of National Accounts was the treatment of R&D expenditure as investment. The question arises whether the standard approach towards accounting for growth contribution of assets is justified given the special nature of R&D that provides capital services by affecting the working of other inputs as a whole – akin to technical change and often requires up-front investment with sunk costs. We model R&D inputs with a restricted cost function and compare econometric estimates with those derived under a standard index number approach but find no significant differences. However, we cannot reject the hypothesis of increasing returns to scale. The standard MFP measure is then broken down into a scale effect and a residual productivity effect, each of which explains about half of overall MFP change. The scale effect points to the importance of the demand side and market size for productivity growth. We also compute mark-up rates of prices over marginal cost and find widespread evidence of rising mark-ups for the period 1985-2016.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD statistics working papers ; 2018, 6
    Subjects: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Forschungskosten; Skalenertrag; Mark-up Pricing; OECD-Staaten; Economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Productivity measurement, R&D assets and mark-ups in OECD countries
    Author: Schreyer, Paul; Zinni, Belen
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    A key feature of the 2008 revision of the System of National Accounts was the treatment of R&D expenditure as investment. The question arises whether the standard approach towards accounting for growth contribution of assets is justified given the... more

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    A key feature of the 2008 revision of the System of National Accounts was the treatment of R&D expenditure as investment. The question arises whether the standard approach towards accounting for growth contribution of assets is justified given the special nature of R&D that provides capital services by affecting the working of other inputs as a whole – akin to technical change and often requires up-front investment with sunk costs. We model R&D inputs with a restricted cost function and compare econometric estimates with those derived under a standard index number approach but find no significant differences. However, we cannot reject the hypothesis of increasing returns to scale. The standard MFP measure is then broken down into a scale effect and a residual productivity effect, each of which explains about half of overall MFP change. The scale effect points to the importance of the demand side and market size for productivity growth. We also compute mark-up rates of prices over marginal cost and find widespread evidence of rising mark-ups for the period 1985-2016.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD statistics working papers ; 2018, 6
    Subjects: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Forschungskosten; Skalenertrag; Mark-up Pricing; OECD-Staaten; Economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. 10-year future of insurance sector in 7 points: with a self-care outlook
    Published: February 2018
    Publisher:  Magyar Nemzeti Bank, Budapest

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Subjects: Versicherung; Lebensversicherung; Pensionskasse; Vertriebsweg; Skalenertrag; Ungarn; EU-Staaten
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Marketplace scalability and strategic use of platform investment
    Author: Li, Jin; Pisano, Gary P.; Zhu, Feng
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    The scalability of a marketplace depends on the operations of the marketplace platform as well as its sellers' cost structures and capacities. When fixed costs of entry are high, sellers with small capacities may be deterred from entering the market... more

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    The scalability of a marketplace depends on the operations of the marketplace platform as well as its sellers' cost structures and capacities. When fixed costs of entry are high, sellers with small capacities may be deterred from entering the market because of their inability to leverage economies of scale. In this study, we explore one strategy that a marketplace platform can use to enhance its scalability: providing an ancillary service to sellers to reduce their fixed costs. In our model, a platform can choose whether and when to provide this service to sellers. When the platform provides the service, it encourages the entry of small sellers. However, it diminishes large sellers' incentives to make their own investment, thus reducing their potential output. When the output reduction by the large sellers is substantial, the platform may not want to provide the ancillary service even if it could do so at no cost. To encourage entry while mitigating output reduction, the platform may choose to strategically delay providing the service

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 19, 063
    Harvard Business School Technology & Operations Mgt. Unit Working Paper ; No. 19-063
    Subjects: Electronic Commerce; Strategisches Management; Skalenertrag; Dienstleistung; Markteintritt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen