Selbständigkeit und Unternehmensgründung von Hochschulabsolventen fünf Jahre nach dem Studium
eine Auswertung der HIS-Absolventenbefragungen 2002, 2003
Hochschulwissenschaftler als Unternehmensgründer
Gründungsabsichten und Gründerfähigkeiten von Hochschulwissenschaftlern im internationalen Vergleich
The Swedish social insurance system for the self-employed
Abstract: "The increasing number of smaller and relatively short-lived companies and the growing number of individuals working in the 'grey zone' between dependent employment and selfemployment present several challenges for the social security...
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Abstract: "The increasing number of smaller and relatively short-lived companies and the growing number of individuals working in the 'grey zone' between dependent employment and selfemployment present several challenges for the social security system. Social insurance in Sweden is controlled by the state and uniform throughout the country, and it consists of employment-conditional as well as residence-based benefit schemes. In general, there is no link between the two types of schemes, the former offers earnings-related benefits and the latter provides a basic level of protection to individuals with low or no income. This paper focuses on the social earnings-related protection for selfemployed persons, with the social security system for employees as a point of reference. It argues that universalism is a central feature of the Swedish social protection system, and that it has been gradually extended to cover the self-employed according to largely the same principles as those for employees.
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The UK social security system for self-employed people
Abstract: "The UK system for social insurance has evolved over the past sixty years in response to both changes in government policy and changing social circumstances. The current system has moved away somewhat from the old Welfare State principles....
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Abstract: "The UK system for social insurance has evolved over the past sixty years in response to both changes in government policy and changing social circumstances. The current system has moved away somewhat from the old Welfare State principles. The current social insurance system in the UK is targeted at supporting people in work to make 'work pay', is largely non-universal, emphasises personal provision (especially in areas such as old age pensions) and is means-tested. Self-employed people form a significant part of the UK labour force, perhaps largely as a result of government policy that has encouraged such a restructuring of the labour market. Self-employed people in the UK are an extremely heterogeneous group and also exhibit important differences in characteristics compared with employees. Self-employed people are more likely to be less well off financially and to be older than employees. For the most part, these self-employed workers receive very similar or identical state provi
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