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  1. An open economy quarterly projection model for Sri Lanka

    This study documents a semi-structural model developed for Sri Lanka. This model, extended with a fiscal sector block, is expected to serve as a core forecasting model in the process of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka's move towards flexible inflation... more

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    This study documents a semi-structural model developed for Sri Lanka. This model, extended with a fiscal sector block, is expected to serve as a core forecasting model in the process of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka's move towards flexible inflation targeting. The model includes a forward-looking endogenous interest rate and foreign exchange rate policy rules allowing for flexible change in policy behavior. It is a gap model that allows for simultaneous identification of business cycle position and long-term equilibrium. The model was first calibrated and then its data-fit was improved using Bayesian estimation technique with relatively tight priors

     

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  2. Turkey
    2018 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Turkey
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Growth rebounded sharply in 2017, helped by strong policy stimulus in the wake of the 2016 post-coup attempt slump and by favorable external conditions. Although expansionary policies were initially warranted, they are no longer appropriate as the... more

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    Growth rebounded sharply in 2017, helped by strong policy stimulus in the wake of the 2016 post-coup attempt slump and by favorable external conditions. Although expansionary policies were initially warranted, they are no longer appropriate as the economy is showing clear signs of overheating. Monetary policy appears too loose and its credibility is low; and on- and off-budget fiscal policies (including credit guarantee schemes and PPP activities) are expansionary and risk undermining Turkey's hard-earned fiscal credibility. As a result, the economy faces internal and external imbalances: a positive output gap, inflation well above target, and a current account deficit of more than 5 percent of GDP. Meanwhile, political uncertainty and regional instability remain elevated, and the integration of the many refugees poses challenges

     

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  3. Israel
    2018 Article IV consultation : press release and staff report
    Published: May 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Israel's economy is growing well with inflation remaining low and the housing market cooling. Growth of about 3 1\2 percent in 2017 helped bring unemployment below four percent in early 2018, supporting robust wage rises averaging 3u percent. Yet,... more

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    Israel's economy is growing well with inflation remaining low and the housing market cooling. Growth of about 3 1\2 percent in 2017 helped bring unemployment below four percent in early 2018, supporting robust wage rises averaging 3u percent. Yet, partly owing to the appreciation of the shekel, inflation remained below the 1-3 percent target range. House price increases slowed to below two percent as proposed tax measures deterred investor interest. Prospects for the next few years are for growth to remain around 3 1\2 percent with inflation rising gradually

     

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  4. Oil prices and GCC stock markets
    new evidence from smooth transition models
    Published: May 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Our paper examines the effect of oil price changes on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets using nonlinear smooth transition regression (STR) models. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our empirical results reveal that GCC stock markets do not... more

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    Our paper examines the effect of oil price changes on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets using nonlinear smooth transition regression (STR) models. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our empirical results reveal that GCC stock markets do not have similar sensitivities to oil price changes. We document the presence of stock market returns' asymmetric reactions in some GCC countries, but not for others. In Kuwait's case, negative oil price changes exert larger impacts on stock returns than positive oil price changes. When considering the asymmetry with respect to the magnitude of oil price variation, we find that Oman's and Qatar's stock markets are more sensitive to large oil price changes than to small ones. Our results highlight the importance of economic stabilization and reform policies that can potentially reduce the sensitivity of stock returns to oil price changes, especially with regard to the existence of asymmetric behavior

     

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  5. Explaining inflation in Colombia
    a disaggregated Phillips curve approach
    Published: May 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We study inflation dynamics in Colombia using a bottom-up Phillips curve approach. This allows us to capture the different drivers of individual inflation components. We find that the Phillips curve is relatively flat in Colombia but steeper than... more

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    We study inflation dynamics in Colombia using a bottom-up Phillips curve approach. This allows us to capture the different drivers of individual inflation components. We find that the Phillips curve is relatively flat in Colombia but steeper than recent estimates for the U.S. Supply side shocks play an important role for tradable and food prices, while indexation dynamics are important for non-tradable goods. We show that besides allowing for a more detailed understanding of inflation drivers, the bottom-up approach also improves on an aggregate Phillips curve in terms of forecasting ability. In the baseline forecast scenario, both headline and core inflation converge towards the Central Bank's inflation target of 3 percent by end-2018 but these favorable inflation dynamics are vulnerable to large supply shocks

     

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  6. International spillovers of forward guidance shocks
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    After 2007, countries that cut their policy interest rates close to zero turned, among other policies, to forward guidance. We estimate a two-country model of the U.S. and Canada to quantify how unexpected changes in U.S. forward guidance affected... more

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    After 2007, countries that cut their policy interest rates close to zero turned, among other policies, to forward guidance. We estimate a two-country model of the U.S. and Canada to quantify how unexpected changes in U.S. forward guidance affected Canada. Expansionary U.S. forward guidance shocks, like conventional policy shocks, are beggar-thy-neighbor and depress Canadian output, but by twice as much as conventional shocks. We find that the effect of U.S. forward guidance shocks on Canadian output, unlike conventional policy shocks, depends on the state of U.S. demand and can be five times smaller when U.S. demand is weak

     

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  7. Morocco
    a practical approach to monetary policy analysis in a country with capital controls

    The Central Bank of Morocco has been working on developing a Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS) to support a gradual move toward a more flexible exchange rate regime and the eventual adoption of a full-fledged inflation-targeting (IT)... more

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    The Central Bank of Morocco has been working on developing a Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS) to support a gradual move toward a more flexible exchange rate regime and the eventual adoption of a full-fledged inflation-targeting (IT) regime. At the center of the FPAS is a quarterly projection model that was tailored for two different types of exchange rate regimes. Presently, the fixed exchange rate model version is to be used during the pre-IT period, while the flexible exchange rate model version is to be used to prepare alternative scenarios for monetary policy decision makers to discuss the potential policy implications of shocks under an IT regime

     

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  8. Argentina
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Argentina
    Published: December 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Argentina's government has made important progress in restoring integrity and transparency in public sector operations. These policy changes have put the economy on a stronger footing and corrected... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Argentina's government has made important progress in restoring integrity and transparency in public sector operations. These policy changes have put the economy on a stronger footing and corrected many of the most urgent macroeconomic imbalances. Private consumption strengthened in 2017, supported by greater real wages and buoyant credit growth. With stronger domestic demand, the trade surplus turned into a deficit and the current account deficit increased. Annual inflation has declined from its peak in 2016, but remained relatively resilient and inflation expectations moved up, prompting the central bank to raise interest rates. Going forward, GDP growth is expected to consolidate, inflation inertia will slowly subside, and the fiscal deficit will gradually fall

     

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  9. Mongolia
    first and second reviews under the extended fund facility : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Mongolia
    Published: December 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This paper discusses Mongolia's First and Second Reviews Under the Extended Fund Facility. Performance under the program thus far has been strong. Growth in 2017 is projected to reach 3.3 percent, considerably better than forecasted at the time of... more

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    This paper discusses Mongolia's First and Second Reviews Under the Extended Fund Facility. Performance under the program thus far has been strong. Growth in 2017 is projected to reach 3.3 percent, considerably better than forecasted at the time of program approval. The combination of strong policy implementation and a supportive external environment has helped the authorities over-perform on all of the quantitative targets under the program. Performance on structural reforms has also been strong, notwithstanding the delays owing to the change in government in September 2017

     

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  10. Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)
    common policies of member countries, and common policies in support of member countries reform programs : press release; staff report; and statement by the executive director
    Published: December 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This paper discusses the common policies of the member countries of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). CEMAC's medium-term outlook remains challenging. It foresees a gradual improvement in the economic and financial... more

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    This paper discusses the common policies of the member countries of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). CEMAC's medium-term outlook remains challenging. It foresees a gradual improvement in the economic and financial situation in the region, assuming full implementation of policy commitments by CEMAC member states and regional institutions. Policies to diversify the economies by improving the business environment, including through enhanced governance and transparency, would support higher growth in the medium term. The monetary policy stance would be kept tight as needed to support external stability and reserves accumulation

     

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  11. Mexico
    arrangement under the flexible credit line and cancellation of current arrangement : press release and staff report
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This paper discusses Mexico's Arrangement Under the Flexible Credit Line (FCL) and Cancellation of Current Arrangement. Mexico continues to face significant uncertainty regarding the pace and outcome of the negotiations on the North American Free... more

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    This paper discusses Mexico's Arrangement Under the Flexible Credit Line (FCL) and Cancellation of Current Arrangement. Mexico continues to face significant uncertainty regarding the pace and outcome of the negotiations on the North American Free Trade Agreement. The authorities are requesting a two-year precautionary FCL arrangement and the cancellation of the current arrangement, approved on May 27, 2016. They consider that, in an environment where external risks affecting Mexico remain elevated, an FCL arrangement in the requested amount will play a critical role in supporting their overall macroeconomic strategy, preserving investor confidence, and providing insurance against tail risks. The IMF staff supports the authorities' request

     

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  12. Rwanda
    eighth review under the policy support instrument and request for extension, and third review under the standby credit facility : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Rwanda
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This paper discusses Rwanda's Eighth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) and Request for Extension, and Third Review Under the Standby Credit Facility (SCF). The existing PSI and SCF arrangement have supported Rwanda's efforts to address... more

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    This paper discusses Rwanda's Eighth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) and Request for Extension, and Third Review Under the Standby Credit Facility (SCF). The existing PSI and SCF arrangement have supported Rwanda's efforts to address external imbalances, thereby supporting continued strong growth and durable poverty reduction. The SCF arrangement added a financing component to the existing PSI-supported program, which aims to promote private-sector led growth through safeguarding macroeconomic stability, including through external sustainability, fiscal sustainability based on continued improvements in domestic resource collection, low and stable inflation, and enhancing access to credit and deepening the financial sector

     

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  13. People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; statement by the Executive Director for People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic activity in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has gained momentum since the second half of 2016 amid robust domestic demand and recovering external demand. Growth is projected to have... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic activity in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has gained momentum since the second half of 2016 amid robust domestic demand and recovering external demand. Growth is projected to have risen by 3.7 percent in 2017, up from 2 percent in 2016. The strong growth momentum is expected to continue in the near term with annual growth of 2.8 percent in 2018. Consumption is projected to continue to be supported by a tight labor market and investment is expected to remain strong, with major infrastructure and housing projects in the pipeline. The economy is expected to continue to grow at about 3 percent over the medium term, close to its potential

     

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  14. People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
    selected issues
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper examines medium-term fiscal prospects and policy recommendations for Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Hong Kong SAR's fiscal framework has worked well over the last 20 years but challenges have emerged that... more

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    This Selected Issues paper examines medium-term fiscal prospects and policy recommendations for Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Hong Kong SAR's fiscal framework has worked well over the last 20 years but challenges have emerged that will strain the fiscal position in the medium to long term. Consequently, while fiscal space is ample currently, it could become gradually constrained over time. The fiscal rule should be implemented flexibly and revenue mobilization needs to be considered down the road. On the expenditure side, containment will be hard, given rapid aging and still high inequality. The challenge will be to maintain investment and boost land supply while increasing social spending to guarantee that those who need support are effectively protected

     

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  15. Kuwait
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Kuwait
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that non-oil growth in Kuwait has picked up modestly over the past two years, and inflation has moderated. After coming to a standstill in 2015, real non-hydrocarbon growth has recovered and is set to... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that non-oil growth in Kuwait has picked up modestly over the past two years, and inflation has moderated. After coming to a standstill in 2015, real non-hydrocarbon growth has recovered and is set to reach 2.5 percent in 2018, driven by improved confidence. Notwithstanding the impact of higher energy and water prices, inflation is on track to reach a multiyear low of 1.75 percent in 2017, owing to a decline in housing rents and favorable food price developments. The government's underlying fiscal position has improved on the back of spending restraint, but financing needs have remained large

     

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  16. Uruguay
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Uruguay
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the fiscal adjustment in Uruguay is on track. Fiscal policy has been countercyclical in 2017, with higher income tax receipts partly offset by rising pension and health care costs. The overall deficit... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the fiscal adjustment in Uruguay is on track. Fiscal policy has been countercyclical in 2017, with higher income tax receipts partly offset by rising pension and health care costs. The overall deficit is estimated to decline to 3.3 percent of GDP, and the government continues to be able to access international financial markets on favorable terms, including through global nominal-peso bonds. Financial flows have remained volatile, and local and nonresident investor interest in the peso has been strong overall. The current account balance has been improving and is now in surplus, estimated to approach 2 percent of GDP in 2017

     

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  17. Republic of Korea
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Korea
    Published: February 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Republic of Korea's near-term outlook is improving. After slowing in the second half of 2016, growth has picked up in 2017, while recent geopolitical tensions have had a limited impact. The... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Republic of Korea's near-term outlook is improving. After slowing in the second half of 2016, growth has picked up in 2017, while recent geopolitical tensions have had a limited impact. The rebound was led by a strong expansion in investment, especially in the information technology and construction sectors. Export growth strengthened thanks to improving external conditions and high global demand for semiconductors. Private consumption growth picked up, but remains below economic growth. Recovery has been supported by an accommodative monetary policy, with lending rates and long-term yields close to record lows

     

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  18. United Kingdom
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for the United Kingdom
    Published: February 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economic growth in the United Kingdom has moderated since the beginning of 2017, reflecting weakening domestic demand. The sharp depreciation of sterling following the referendum has raised... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economic growth in the United Kingdom has moderated since the beginning of 2017, reflecting weakening domestic demand. The sharp depreciation of sterling following the referendum has raised consumer price inflation, squeezing household real income and consumption. Business investment has been constrained. In the medium term, growth is projected to remain at about 1.5 percent under the baseline assumption of continued progress in Brexit negotiations that lead to an understanding on a broad free trade agreement and on the transition process. The baseline outlook is subject to a number of risks, including developments with Brexit negotiations; uncertainty about the recovery of productivity growth; and the current account deficit

     

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  19. Australia
    2017 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; staff statement; and statement by the Executive Director for Australia
    Published: February 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Australia has enjoyed a comparatively robust economic performance while adjusting to the end of the commodity price and mining investment booms of the 2000s. The recovery from these shocks has... more

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    This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Australia has enjoyed a comparatively robust economic performance while adjusting to the end of the commodity price and mining investment booms of the 2000s. The recovery from these shocks has advanced further in 2017. Aggregate demand has been led by strong public investment growth amid a boost in infrastructure spending and private business investment has picked up, but private consumption growth has remained subdued. Employment growth has strengthened markedly over the year, although the economy is not yet back at full employment. Wage growth is weak and inflation is below its target range. The macroeconomic policy stance has become more supportive with the infrastructure investment boost

     

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  20. Australia
    selected issues
    Published: February 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper on Australia discusses prospects and ramifications of China's economic transition. Australia and China have strong linkages that are growing over time as China carries on with its economic transition. Trade in commodities... more

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    This Selected Issues paper on Australia discusses prospects and ramifications of China's economic transition. Australia and China have strong linkages that are growing over time as China carries on with its economic transition. Trade in commodities and services are constantly growing. Australia has established itself as a dominant player in some key Chinese import needs, particularly for steel. The stylized facts also demonstrate that the rest of Asia is increasingly important for Australia. The charts for tourism, education, and the destination of exports illustrate that both advanced and emerging Asia already have a growing impact. The paper shows that the rest of Asia's trade linkages with Australia are similar in size to the linkages between Australia and China. China may be Australia's largest trading partner, but the rest of Asia is also a rapidly growing region, with potential markets for Australian expansion

     

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  21. Friend or foe?
    cross-border linkages, contagious banking crises, and “coordinated” macroprudential policies
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper examines whether the coordinated use of macroprudential policies can help lessen the incidence of banking crises. It is well-known that rapid domestic credit growth and house price growth positively influence the chances of a banking... more

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    This paper examines whether the coordinated use of macroprudential policies can help lessen the incidence of banking crises. It is well-known that rapid domestic credit growth and house price growth positively influence the chances of a banking crisis. As well, a crisis in other countries with high trade and financial linkages raises the crisis probability. However, whether such 'contagion effects' can operate to reduce crisis probabilities when highly linked countries execute macroprudential policies together has not been fully explored. A dataset documenting countries' use of macroprudential tools suggests that a 'coordinated' implementation of macroprudential policies across highly-linked countries can help to stem the risks of widespread banking crises, although this positive effect may take some time to materialize

     

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  22. Economic convergence in the euro area
    coming together or drifting apart?
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We examine economic convergence among euro area countries on multiple dimensions. While there was nominal convergence of inflation and interest rates, real convergence of per capita income levels has not occurred among the original euro area members... more

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    We examine economic convergence among euro area countries on multiple dimensions. While there was nominal convergence of inflation and interest rates, real convergence of per capita income levels has not occurred among the original euro area members since the advent of the common currency. Income convergence stagnated in the early years of the common currency and has reversed in the wake of the global economic crisis. New euro area members, in contrast, have seen real income convergence. Business cycles became more synchronized, but the amplitude of those cycles diverged. Financial cycles showed a similar pattern: sychronizing more over time, but with divergent amplitudes. Income convergence requires reforms boosting productivity growth in lagging countries, while cyclical and financial convergence can be enhanced by measures to improve national and euro area fiscal policies, together with steps to deepen the single market

     

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  23. Price determination in the major seven country models in interlink
    Published: 1987

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    C 148917
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Array ; 44
    Subjects: Preis; Makroökonometrie; OECD-Staaten; Prices
    Scope: III, 55 S. : graph. Darst, 4°
  24. Wage dispersion and country price levels
    Published: 1997

    Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Europa-Universität Viadrina, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Source: Philologische Bibliothek, FU Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Series: National Bureau of Economic Research <Cambridge, Mass.>: NBER working paper series ; 6039
    Subjects: Ökonometrisches Modell; Gross domestic product; Income distribution; Prices
    Scope: 33 S.
  25. Nominale Preisrigiditäten auf Gütermärkten
    eine empirische Überprüfung neukeynesianischer Erklärungsansätze
    Published: 1996
    Publisher:  Ifo-Inst. für Wirtschaftsforschung, München

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    Content information
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9783885122975; 3885122979
    RVK Categories: QC 130
    DDC Categories: 330; 380; 650; 670
    Series: CIRET-Studien ; 51
    Subjects: Preisstarrheit; Neokeynesianismus; Neue Makroökonomie; Preispolitik; Theorie
    Other subjects: (stw)Preisrigidität; (stw)Neoklassische Synthese; (stw)Preismanagement; (stw)Deutschland; (stw)Theorie; Array; Bibliographie enthalten; Dissertation; Graue Literatur; Buch
    Scope: XXV, 240 S., graph. Darst., 21 cm
    Notes:

    Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 1996