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  1. Policy strategies and challenges for climate change mitigation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector
    Author: Henderson, Ben; Frank, Stefan; Havlik, Petr; Valin, Hugo
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This study uses GLOBIOM ‒ the most detailed global economic model of agriculture, land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ‒ to assess the effectiveness of different policies in cutting net emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land... more

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    This study uses GLOBIOM ‒ the most detailed global economic model of agriculture, land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ‒ to assess the effectiveness of different policies in cutting net emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector, with a view to helping limit long-term global temperature increases to 1.5°C and 2°C. Trade-offs between emission reductions and impacts on food producers, consumers and government budgets are also evaluated for each policy package. A full complement of policy options is deployed globally across AFOLU, comprising emission taxes for emitting AFOLU activities and subsidies rewarding carbon sequestration. Using a carbon price consistent with the 2°C target (1.5°C target), this is projected to mitigate 8 GtCO2 eq/yr (12 GtCO2 eq/yr) in 2050, representing 89% (129%) reduction in net AFOLU emissions, and 12% (21%) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nearly two-thirds of the net emission reductions are from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) component of AFOLU, mostly from reduced deforestation. A global carbon tax on AFOLU is found to be twice as effective in lowering emissions as an equivalently priced emission abatement subsidy because the latter keeps high emitting producers in business. However, a tax has trade-offs in terms of lower agricultural production and food consumption, which a subsidy avoids. A shift to lower emission diets by consumers has a much smaller impact on reducing agricultural emissions than any of the policy packages involving taxes on emissions.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers ; no. 149
    Subjects: GHG emission tax; abatement subsidy; Paris Agreement; Agriculture and Food
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Over with carbon?
    investors' reaction to the Paris Agreement and the US withdrawal
    Author: Alessi, Lucia; Battiston, Stefano; Kvedaras, Virmantas
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  European Commission, Ispra

    How financial investors may react to policy events related to sustainability and climate change mitigation in particular, is a key question with implications for sustainable finance and financial stability. We address this question by carrying out a... more

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    How financial investors may react to policy events related to sustainability and climate change mitigation in particular, is a key question with implications for sustainable finance and financial stability. We address this question by carrying out a multi-period difference-in-difference approach on a confidential database of securities holdings of the European Central Bank, and we provide evidence of several effects related to the Paris Agreement. In aggregate, investors reduced their exposure to carbon-intensive assets in response to the agreement, and the trend reverted after the US withdrawal announcement. However, the reaction varies across categories and geographies of the securities holders, their ownership size, and the emissions of owned firms. In particular, transition risk has been taken up by less regulated financial institutions and the BRIC countries. Our results highlight that the redirection of global financial flows towards climate action requires clear and unanimous signals from the global community of policy makers.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/250162
    Series: JRC working papers in economics and finance ; 2021, 12
    Subjects: high-carbon firms; finance; Paris Agreement; stock holdings; US withdrawal
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Climate policies after Paris
    pledge, trade, and recycle
    Author: Böhringer, Christoph; Peterson, Sonja; Rutherford, Thomas F.; Schneider, Jan; Winkler, Malte
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Verein für Socialpolitik, [Köln]

    This article summarizes the insights of an Energy Modeling Forum study on the magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs to greenhouse gas emission constraints in the aftermath of the Paris Agreement where countries voluntarily committed... more

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    This article summarizes the insights of an Energy Modeling Forum study on the magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs to greenhouse gas emission constraints in the aftermath of the Paris Agreement where countries voluntarily committed themselves to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The model cross-comparison suggests that tightening of NDCs in line with the commonly agreed 2◦C temperature target will induce global economic costs of roughly 1% in 2030 - yet, these cost are unevenly spread across regions with fossil fuel exporting countries being most adversely affected from the transition towards a low-carbon economy. In order to reduce adjustment costs at the global and regional level, comprehensive emissions trading which exploits least-cost abatement options is strongly desirable as it can relax contentious normative debates on equitable burden sharing. Lump-sum recycling of revenues from GHG pricing in equal amounts to every household appeals as an attractive strategy to mitigate regressive effects of emission pricing and thereby make stringent climate policy more acceptable on societal fairness grounds.

     
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    hdl: 10419/242408
    Series: Jahrestagung 2021 / Verein für Socialpolitik ; 57
    Subjects: Paris Agreement; emissions pricing and trading; revenue recycling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Policy strategies and challenges for climate change mitigation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector
    Author: Henderson, Ben; Frank, Stefan; Havlik, Petr; Valin, Hugo
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This study uses GLOBIOM ‒ the most detailed global economic model of agriculture, land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ‒ to assess the effectiveness of different policies in cutting net emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land... more

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    This study uses GLOBIOM ‒ the most detailed global economic model of agriculture, land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ‒ to assess the effectiveness of different policies in cutting net emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector, with a view to helping limit long-term global temperature increases to 1.5°C and 2°C. Trade-offs between emission reductions and impacts on food producers, consumers and government budgets are also evaluated for each policy package. A full complement of policy options is deployed globally across AFOLU, comprising emission taxes for emitting AFOLU activities and subsidies rewarding carbon sequestration. Using a carbon price consistent with the 2°C target (1.5°C target), this is projected to mitigate 8 GtCO2 eq/yr (12 GtCO2 eq/yr) in 2050, representing 89% (129%) reduction in net AFOLU emissions, and 12% (21%) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nearly two-thirds of the net emission reductions are from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) component of AFOLU, mostly from reduced deforestation. A global carbon tax on AFOLU is found to be twice as effective in lowering emissions as an equivalently priced emission abatement subsidy because the latter keeps high emitting producers in business. However, a tax has trade-offs in terms of lower agricultural production and food consumption, which a subsidy avoids. A shift to lower emission diets by consumers has a much smaller impact on reducing agricultural emissions than any of the policy packages involving taxes on emissions.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers ; no. 149
    Subjects: GHG emission tax; abatement subsidy; Paris Agreement; Agriculture and Food
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Do banks fuel climate change?
    Author: Reghezza, Alessio; Altunbaş, Yener; Marqués Ibáñez, David; D'Acri, Costanza Rodriguez; Spaggiari, Martina
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Do climate-oriented regulatory policies affect the flow of credit towards polluting corporations? We match loan-level data to firm-level greenhouse gas emissions to assess the impact of the Paris Agreement. We find that, following this agreement,... more

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    Do climate-oriented regulatory policies affect the flow of credit towards polluting corporations? We match loan-level data to firm-level greenhouse gas emissions to assess the impact of the Paris Agreement. We find that, following this agreement, European banks reallocated credit away from polluting firms. In the aftermath of President Trump's 2017 announcement that the United States was withdrawing from the Paris Agreement, lending by European banks to polluting firms in the United States decreased even further in relative terms. It follows that green regulatory initiatives in banking can have a significant impact combating climate change.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289945509
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237689
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2550 (May 2021)
    Subjects: Climate change; Paris Agreement; Trump; loan-level data; difference-in-differences
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Background paper: methodology and criteria for assessing multilateral initiatives to close the global 2030 climate ambition and action gap
    Author: Böttcher, Hannes; Cames, Martin
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    A broad range of mitigation options have been identified and assessed in the literature that enable countries to close the existing gap between 2030 emission projections resulting from the aggregate efforts of countries to achieve their Nationally... more

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    A broad range of mitigation options have been identified and assessed in the literature that enable countries to close the existing gap between 2030 emission projections resulting from the aggregate efforts of countries to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and the emissions level consistent with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C limit. This report documents the methodology chosen and the criteria applied for selecting and assessing promising options for intergovernmental cooperation in the G20 countries with relevance for closing the ambition gap in four key policy areas: 1) energy transition (from fossil to renewable energy sources), 2) synthetic e-fuels (production, trade, use of fuels from renewable energies), 3) sustainable food systems (reduction of post-harvest losses, food waste, animal products), and 4) forest protection (conservation and restoration of forests). The report presents the overall approach of the analysis by sketching its four working steps: Step 1 describes the status quo and the selection of initiatives to be reviewed. Step 2 constitutes an evaluation of selected initiatives, based on a number of criteria, including chances of success and effectiveness, efficiency and costs, transparency and institutional structures, sustainability and environmental integrity, and scope for improvements and need for additional multilateral cooperation. Step 3 aims at identifying options for closing policy gaps found in step 2. These options are further elaborated, and recommendations are formulated to support the options. Finally, step 4 provides a summary and conclusions regarding the options presented in an evaluation table. Analysen zufolge besteht eine Lücke zwischen den Emissionsprojektionen für 2030, die sich aus den aggregierten Anstrengungen der Länder zur Erreichung ihrer national festgelegten Beiträge zum Pariser Abkommen ergeben, und dem Emissionsniveau, das mit dem 1,5°C-Limit des Pariser Abkommens vereinbar ist. In der Literatur wurde eine breite Palette von Minderungsoptionen identifiziert und bewertet, die es Ländern ermöglichen, diese Lücke zu schließen. Dieser Bericht dokumentiert die gewählte Methodik und die angewandten Kriterien für die Auswahl und Bewertung vielversprechender Optionen für zwischenstaatliche Kooperationen in den G20-Ländern mit Relevanz für die Schließung der Ambitionslücke in vier zentralen Politikbereichen: 1) Energiewende (von fossilen zu erneuerbaren Energiequellen), 2) synthetische E-Kraftstoffe (Produktion, Handel, Nutzung von Kraftstoffen aus erneuerbaren Energien), 3) nachhaltige Ernährungssysteme (Reduzierung von Nachernteverlusten, Lebensmittelabfällen, tierischen Produkten) und 4) Waldschutz (Erhaltung und Wiederherstellung von Wäldern). Der Bericht stellt den Gesamtansatz der Analyse dar, indem er die vier Arbeitsschritte skizziert: Schritt 1 beschreibt den Status quo und die Auswahl der zu überprüfenden Initiativen. Schritt 2 stellt eine Bewertung der ausgewählten Initiativen dar, basierend auf einer Reihe von Kriterien, einschließlich Erfolgschancen und Effektivität, Effizienz und Kosten, Transparenz und institutionelle Strukturen, Nachhaltigkeit und Umweltintegrität sowie Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten und Bedarf an zusätzlicher multilateraler Zusammenarbeit. Schritt 3 zielt auf die Identifizierung von Optionen zur Schließung der in Schritt 2 gefundenen Politiklücken. Diese Optionen werden ausgearbeitet, und es werden Empfehlungen formuliert, wie die Umsetzung der Optionen unterstützt werden kann. Schritt 4 liefert mithilfe einer übersichtlichen Bewertungstabelle eine abschließende Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen zu den erarbeiteten Optionen.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Auerochs, Hannah (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Project No. (FKZ) 3719 41 109 0
    Report No. FB000380/ZW,3,ENG
    Series: Climate change ; 2021, 12
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Enviroment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: Global climate protection; greenhouse gas mitigation; Paris Agreement; Literature analysis; international cooperation; methodology; assessment criteria
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten, 0,22 MB)
    Notes:

    Report completed in: March 2021

    This method paper is part of the research project “Accelerating global climate action before 2030” (FKZ 3719 41 109 0) that investigates multilateral initiatives by G20 countries and their possible contribution to accelerate climate action before 2030. The project focuses on four policy areas: energy transition, synthetic e-fuels, sustainable food systems and forest protection. This paper provides methodology and criteria description for the selection and analysis of initiatives for multilateral cooperation and the elaboration of options. The project is financed by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, supervised by the German Environment Agency and carried out by the Ecologic Institute, Oeko-Institut and Climate Analytics
  7. Gains associated with linking the EU and Chinese ETS under different assumptions on restrictions, allowance endowments, and international trade
    Author: Winkler, Malte; Peterson, Sonja; Thube, Sneha
    Published: 05/2021
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    Linking the EU and Chinese Emission Trading Systems (ETS) increases the cost‐efficiency of reaching greenhouse gas mitigation targets, but both partners will benefit - if at all - to different degrees. Using the global computable‐general equilibrium... more

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    Linking the EU and Chinese Emission Trading Systems (ETS) increases the cost‐efficiency of reaching greenhouse gas mitigation targets, but both partners will benefit - if at all - to different degrees. Using the global computable‐general equilibrium (CGE) model DART Kiel, we evaluate the effects of linking ETS in combination with 1) restricted allowances trading, 2) adjusted allowance endowments to compensate China, and 3) altered Armington elasticities when Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets are met. We find that generally, both partners benefit from linking their respective trading systems. Yet, while the EU prefers full linking, China favors restricted allowance trading. Transfer payments through adjusted allowance endowments cannot sufficiently compensate China so as to make full linking as attractive as restricted trading. Gains associated with linking increase with higher Armington elasticities for China, but decrease for the EU. Overall, the EU and China favor differing options of linking ETS. Moreover, heterogeneous impacts across EU countries could cause dissent among EU regions, potentially increasing the difficulty of finding a linking solution favorable for all trading partners.

     
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    hdl: 10419/234224
    Series: Kiel working paper ; no. 2185 (May 2021)
    Subjects: Paris Agreement; Emission Trading; Linking ETS; China; EU; Verbindung von Emissionshandelsystemen; NDC; Pariser Klimabakommen; Emissionshandel
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Climate policies after Paris
    pledge, trade, and recycle : insights from the 36th Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF36)
    Author: Böhringer, Christoph; Peterson, Sonja; Rutherford, Thomas F.; Schneider, Jan; Winkler, Malte
    Published: 05/2021
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    This article summarizes insights of the 36th Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF36) on the magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Under the Paris Agreement countries voluntarily committed... more

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    This article summarizes insights of the 36th Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF36) on the magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Under the Paris Agreement countries voluntarily committed themselves to emission reductions - so-called Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) - in order to combat global warming. The study suggests that tightening of NDCs in line with the commonly agreed 2 degrees temperature target will induce global economic costs of roughly 1% in 2030 - yet, these costs are unevenly spread across regions with fossil fuel exporting countries being most adversely affected from the transition towards a low-carbon economy. In order to reduce adjustment costs at the global and regional level, comprehensive emissions trading which exploits leastcost abatement options is strongly desirable as it can relax contentious normative debates on equitable burden sharing. Lump-sum recycling of revenues from emissions pricing in equal amounts to every household appeals as an attractive strategy to mitigate regressive effects and thereby make stringent climate policy more acceptable on societal fairness grounds.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/234225
    Series: Kiel working paper ; no. 2183 (May 2021)
    Subjects: Paris Agreement; emissions pricing and trading; revenue recycling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Climate policies after Paris
    pledge, trade and recycle : insights from the 36th Energy Modeling Forum Study (EMF36)
    Author: Böhringer, Christoph; Peterson, Sonja; Rutherford, Thomas F.; Schneider, Jan; Winkler, Malte
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg

    This article summarizes insights from the 36th Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF36) on the magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Under the Paris Agreement, countries have committed to... more

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    This article summarizes insights from the 36th Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF36) on the magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Under the Paris Agreement, countries have committed to emission reduction targets - so-called Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) - in order to combat global warming. The study suggests that aligning NDCs with the commonly agreed 2◦C temperature target will induce global economic costs of roughly 1% in 2030. However, these costs are unevenly distributed across regions. Countries exporting fossil fuels are most adversely affected from the transition towards a low-carbon economy. In order to reduce adjustment costs at the global and regional level, comprehensive emissions trading which exploits least-cost abatement options is strongly desirable to avoid contentious normative debates on equitable burden sharing. Lump-sum recycling of revenues from emissions pricing, in equal amounts to every household, appeals as an attractive strategy to mitigate regressive effects and thereby improving the social acceptability of stringent climate policy.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/234906
    Series: Oldenburg discussion papers in economics ; V-434-21
    Subjects: Paris Agreement; emissions pricing and trading; revenue recycling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Implications of Paris Agreement on the national emissions reduction efforts
    final report
    Author: Ancygier, Andrzej; Duwe, Matthias; Wachsmuth, Jakob; Fekete, Hanna; Höhne, Niklas
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    The adoption of the Paris Agreement with the long-term temperature limit has important repercussions for the distribution of effort between its signatories. The application of the equity and least-cost approaches to the distribution effort leadsto... more

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    The adoption of the Paris Agreement with the long-term temperature limit has important repercussions for the distribution of effort between its signatories. The application of the equity and least-cost approaches to the distribution effort leadsto different outcomes. The disparity of the results from the equity and cost-effectiveness approaches can be closed by granting support to those countries for which least cost approach indicates much deeper emissions reduction than equity approaches. Since the transformation away from fossil fuels towards renewables can contribute to meeting a number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the specific socio-economicand politicalcircumstances need to be taken into consideration when distributing emissions reduction effortand supporting. Contrary to the socio-economic framework which with few exception changes only slowly, the political environmental within which climate mitigation is taking place may change rapidly. These changes –positive and negative –have a spillover effect on other countries. This effect takes place even if the external impacts of a policy are not the explicit objective of certain policies (or lack thereof). But it can be considerably strengthened if domestic climate mitigation effort is accompanied with active leadership and support of transfer agents. The spillover effect creates an opportunity for the EU to influence emissions reductions well above those targeted by its own measures. Thus,it is essential for the EU to further specify its emissions reduction goal for 2050, adopt an ambitious emissions reduction goal for 2030, and create a robust policy framework to reach these goals. Die Verabschiedung des Pariser Abkommens mit dem Ziel der langfristigen Temperatur-begrenzung hat bedeutende Auswirkungen auf die Verteilung der Anstrengungen zwischen den Vertragsstaaten. Die Anwendung des Equity-und des Least-Cost-Ansatzes auf die Verteilungs-anstrengungenführt zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Die Diskrepanz zwischen den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, indem den LänderneineUnterstützung gewährt wird, für die sich aus demLeast-Cost-Ansatzeseine viel tiefere Emissionsreduktion ergibt alsausdemEquity-Ansatz.Die Transformation weg von fossilen Brennstoffen hin zu erneuerbaren Energien kann zur Erreichung einer Reihe von Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)beitragen. Aus diesem Grund müssen die spezifischen sozioökonomischen und politischen Umstände bei der Verteilung der Anstrengungen zur Emissionsreduzierung und derenUnterstützung berücksichtigt werden. Im Gegensatz zu den sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen, die sich mit wenigen Ausnahmen nur langsam ändern, kann sich das politischeUmfeld, in dem die Klimaschutzmaßnahmen eingeführt werden, rasch verändern. Diese Veränderungen -positive wie negative -haben einen Spillover-Effekt auf andere Länder. Dieser Effekt tritt auch dann ein, wenn die externen Auswirkungen einer Politik nichtdas ausdrückliche Ziel bestimmter Klimamaßnahmen sind. Er kann jedoch erheblich verstärkt werden, wenn die nationalen Klimaschutzbemühungen mit Active Leadershipundder Unterstützung von Transfer Agentseinhergehen.Der Spillover-Effekt bietet der EU die Möglichkeit, auf Emissionsminderungen Einfluss zu nehmen, die weit über die mit ihren eigenen Maßnahmen angestrebten Ziele hinausgehen. Daher ist es für die EU von entscheidender Bedeutung, ihr Emissionsreduktionsziel für 2050 weiter zu spezifizieren, ein ehrgeiziges Emissionsreduktionsziel für 2030 zu verabschieden und einen robusten politischen Rahmen zu schaffen, um diese Ziele zu erreichen.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Knoche, Guido (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Project No. (FKZ) 3717 41 102 0
    Report No. FB000249/ENG
    Series: Climate change ; 2021, 15
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Enviroment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: Paris Agreement; national emissions reduction; Greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gas emitters; renewable energies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (49 Seiten, 1,71 MB), Diagramme
    Notes:

    Reportcompleted in: November 2020
  11. Towards sustainable adaptation pathways
    a concept for integrative actions to achieve the 2030 Agenda, Paris Agreement and Sendai Framework : conceptual and analytical paper
    Author: Bueb, Benedict; Tröltzsch, Jenny; Reichwein, David; Oldenburg, Clara; Favero, Fausto
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    2015 was a watershed year for addressing global challenges. Under the umbrella of the United Nations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction were... more

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    2015 was a watershed year for addressing global challenges. Under the umbrella of the United Nations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction were adopted. Six years after their adoption, implementation of these post-2015 agendas lags behind in many aspects, raising the need for exploring pathways that enhance their effective implementation. One way forward is working towards identifying and using synergies between them. The underlying policy fields of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and sustainable development are linked through a common emphasis on reducing vulnerabilities. Operational and policy instruments are available to realize synergies at the implementation level. Nevertheless, a lack of institutional capacities, policy-making in silos instead of cross-sectoral coordination and insufficient funding are just some of the barriers hindering coherent policies in practice. This report introduces the concept of Sustainable Adaptation Pathways (SAPs) that can act as guidance when planning and implementing integrated policies that aim to foster sustainable adaptation measures. SAPs describe a coherent set of alternative adaptation strategies and procedures composed of measures and policies to strengthen the capacities of populations, institutions and ecosystems to adapt to climate-related risks over time while enhancing the social justice, environmental integrity and economic sustainability of socio-ecological systems. Case studies are used to illustrate specific aspects of applying the concept in practice. In addition, practical recommendations for implementing SAPs are derived, taking into account both enabling contextual factors and lock-in effects. 2015 war ein entscheidendes Jahr für die Bewältigung globaler Herausforderungen. Unter dem Dach der Vereinten Nationen wurden die 2030-Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung, das Pariser Klimaabkommen und das Sendai Rahmenwerk für Katastrophenvorsorge verabschiedet. Sechs Jahre nach ihrer Verabschiedung hinkt die Umsetzung dieser Post-2015-Agenden in vielen Aspekten hinterher. Ein Weg zur beschleunigten Umsetzung der Agenden liegt in der Identifizierung und Nutzung von Synergien zwischen diesen. Die zugrundeliegenden Politikfelder Anpassung an den Klimawandel, Katastrophenvorsorge und nachhaltige Entwicklung sind durch den gemeinsamen Fokus auf eine Reduzierung von Vulnerabilitäten miteinander verbunden. Um Synergien auf der Umsetzungsebene zu realisieren, stehen operative und politische Instrumente zur Verfügung. Dennoch sind fehlende institutionelle Kapazitäten, eine Politikgestaltung in Silos statt sektorübergreifender Koordination und eine unzureichende Finanzierung nur einige der Barrieren, die eine kohärente Politik in der Praxis behindern. In diesem Bericht wird das Konzept der nachhaltigen Anpassungspfade (Sustainable Adaptation Pathways, SAPs) vorgestellt, das bei der Planung und Umsetzung integrierter Politiken zur Förderung nachhaltiger Anpassungsmaßnahmen als Orientierungsrahmen dienen kann. SAPs beschreiben ein kohärentes Set von alternativen Anpassungsstrategien und -verfahren, die aus Maßnahmen und Politiken bestehen, um Kapazitäten der lokalen Bevölkerung, Institutionen und Ökosysteme stärken, um sich im Laufe der Zeit an klimabedingte Risiken anzupassen. Gleichzeitig zielen SAPs darauf ab, die soziale Gerechtigkeit, die ökologische Integrität und die wirtschaftliche Nachhaltigkeit sozio-ökologischer Systeme zu verbessern. Anhand von Fallstudien werden spezifische Aspekte der Anwendung des Konzepts in der Praxis veranschaulicht. Zudem werden praktische Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung von SAPs gegeben, wobei sowohl förderliche Kontextfaktoren als auch Lock-in-Effekte berücksichtigt werden.

     
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    Contributor: Teebken, Julia (MitwirkendeR); Jacob, Klaus (MitwirkendeR); Voss, Martin (MitwirkendeR); Bodle, Ralph (MitwirkendeR); Kabel, Claudia (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Project No. (FKZ) 3719 18 105 0
    Report No. (UBA-FB) FB000590/ENG/3
    Series: Climate change / Umweltbundesamt ; 2021, 48
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: sustainable development; SDGs; climate change; Adaptation; disaster risk reduction; Paris Agreement; Sendai Framework; pathway; 2030 Agend
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 112 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karte
    Notes:

    Report completed in: July 2021
  12. Not yet on track to net zero
    the urgent need for greater ambition and policy action to achieve Paris temperature goals
    Author: Black, Simon; Parry, Ian W. H.; Roaf, James; Zhunussova, Karlygash
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C

    Achieving the Paris Agreement's temperature goals requires cutting global CO2 emissions 25 to 50 percent this decade, followed by a rapid transition to net zero emissions. The world is currently not yet on track so there is an urgent need to narrow... more

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    Achieving the Paris Agreement's temperature goals requires cutting global CO2 emissions 25 to 50 percent this decade, followed by a rapid transition to net zero emissions. The world is currently not yet on track so there is an urgent need to narrow gaps in climate mitigation ambition and policy. Current mitigation pledges for 2030 would achieve just one to two thirds of the emissions reductions needed for limiting warming to 1.5 to 2oC. And additional measures equivalent to a global carbon price exceeding USD 75 per ton by 2030 are needed. This IMF Staff Climate Note presents extensive quantitative analyses to inform dialogue on closing mitigation ambition and policy gaps. It shows purely illustrative pathways to achieve the needed global emissions reductions while respecting international equity. The Note also presents country-level analyses of the emissions, fiscal, economic, and distributional impacts of carbon pricing and the trade-offs with other instruments-comprehensive mitigation strategies will be key

     
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  13. Proposal for an international carbon price floor among large emitters
    Author: Parry, Ian W. H.; Black, Simon; Roaf, James
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C

    Countries are increasingly committing to midcentury 'net-zero' emissions targets under the Paris Agreement, but limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2 degree C requires cutting emissions by a quarter to a half in this decade. Making sufficient progress... more

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    Countries are increasingly committing to midcentury 'net-zero' emissions targets under the Paris Agreement, but limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2 degree C requires cutting emissions by a quarter to a half in this decade. Making sufficient progress to stabilizing the climate therefore requires ratcheting up near-term mitigation action but doing so among 195 parties simultaneously is proving challenging. Reinforcing the Paris Agreement with an international carbon price floor (ICPF) could jump-start emissions reductions through substantive policy action, while circumventing emerging pressure for border carbon adjustments. The ICPF has two elements: (1) a small number of key large-emitting countries, and (2) the minimum carbon price each commits to implement. The arrangement can be pragmatically designed to accommodate equity considerations and emissions-equivalent alternatives to carbon pricing. The paper discusses the rationale for an ICPF, considers design issues, compares it with alternative global regimes, and quantifies its impacts

     
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  14. Does gender diversity in the workplace mitigate climate change?
    Author: Altunbaş, Yener; Gambacorta, Leonardo; Reghezza, Alessio; Velliscig, Giulio
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, [Basel]

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    Language: English
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    Series: BIS working papers ; no 977 (November 2021)
    Subjects: Carbon emissions; Female managers; Global warming; Paris Agreement; Green economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Not yet on track to net zero
    the urgent need for greater ambition and policy action to achieve Paris temperature goals
    Author: Black, Simon; Parry, Ian W. H.; Roaf, James; Zhunussova, Karlygash
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C

    Achieving the Paris Agreement's temperature goals requires cutting global CO2 emissions 25 to 50 percent this decade, followed by a rapid transition to net zero emissions. The world is currently not yet on track so there is an urgent need to narrow... more

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    Achieving the Paris Agreement's temperature goals requires cutting global CO2 emissions 25 to 50 percent this decade, followed by a rapid transition to net zero emissions. The world is currently not yet on track so there is an urgent need to narrow gaps in climate mitigation ambition and policy. Current mitigation pledges for 2030 would achieve just one to two thirds of the emissions reductions needed for limiting warming to 1.5 to 2oC. And additional measures equivalent to a global carbon price exceeding USD 75 per ton by 2030 are needed. This IMF Staff Climate Note presents extensive quantitative analyses to inform dialogue on closing mitigation ambition and policy gaps. It shows purely illustrative pathways to achieve the needed global emissions reductions while respecting international equity. The Note also presents country-level analyses of the emissions, fiscal, economic, and distributional impacts of carbon pricing and the trade-offs with other instruments-comprehensive mitigation strategies will be key

     
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  16. Proposal for an international carbon price floor among large emitters
    Author: Parry, Ian W. H.; Black, Simon; Roaf, James
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C

    Countries are increasingly committing to midcentury 'net-zero' emissions targets under the Paris Agreement, but limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2 degree C requires cutting emissions by a quarter to a half in this decade. Making sufficient progress... more

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    Countries are increasingly committing to midcentury 'net-zero' emissions targets under the Paris Agreement, but limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2 degree C requires cutting emissions by a quarter to a half in this decade. Making sufficient progress to stabilizing the climate therefore requires ratcheting up near-term mitigation action but doing so among 195 parties simultaneously is proving challenging. Reinforcing the Paris Agreement with an international carbon price floor (ICPF) could jump-start emissions reductions through substantive policy action, while circumventing emerging pressure for border carbon adjustments. The ICPF has two elements: (1) a small number of key large-emitting countries, and (2) the minimum carbon price each commits to implement. The arrangement can be pragmatically designed to accommodate equity considerations and emissions-equivalent alternatives to carbon pricing. The paper discusses the rationale for an ICPF, considers design issues, compares it with alternative global regimes, and quantifies its impacts

     
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