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  1. The evolution of the treatment of agriculture in preferential trade agreements
    Author: Greenville, Jared; Thompson-Lipponen, Clara
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question... more

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    Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question as to the extent to which their treatment of agriculture has changed over time, and whether the liberalising elements contained in these agreements are increasingly addressing distortions in world agro-food markets. This paper presents findings on the evolution of the treatment of agriculture within preferential trade agreements. Changes in various aspects of liberalisation achieved through these agreements have been explored, such as provisions related to market access, export competition and domestic support. The report finds that agriculture appears to be increasingly treated in a similar manner to other goods trade, with expansion in the scope of agreements extending to agriculture. Agreements are delivering reduced tariffs among members across the majority of agricultural commodities – however, heterogeneity of rules of origin between agreements is likely to be undermining these benefits. Reflecting multilateral rules, provisions related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Barriers to Trade have become a standard feature of agreements. Overall, preferential trade agreements are strongly influenced by the multilateral framework.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers ; no. 126
    Subjects: Agraraußenhandel; Handelspräferenzen; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; WTO-Recht; Agriculture and Food; Trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Trade and economic effects of IRC
    further empirical evidence from SPS and TBT provisions
    Author: Disdier, Anne-Célia; Stone, Susan F.; Tongeren, Frank W. van
    Published: 2019-03-08
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to... more

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    Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Series: OECD trade policy papers ; no. 224
    Subjects: Außenhandel; Internationale Handelspolitik; Handelsabkommen; Gravitationsmodell; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Welt; Trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. A theory of economic unions
    Author: Gancia, Gino Alessandro; Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M.; Ventura, Jaume
    Published: August 2019
    Publisher:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Economics working paper series ; no. 1665
    Subjects: Wirtschaftsintegration; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Außenwirtschaftstheorie; EU-Staaten; Economic unions; Non-tariff barriers; European intergation; European integration; centralization and decentralization; public goods; externalities; Öscal federalism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. A theory of economic unions
    Author: Gancia, Gino Alessandro; Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M.; Ventura, Jaume
    Published: August 2019
    Publisher:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Series: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 1110
    Subjects: Wirtschaftsintegration; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Außenwirtschaftstheorie; EU-Staaten; Economic unions; Non-tariff barriers; European intergation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. A practical guide to the economic analysis of non-tariff measures
    Author: Disdier, Anne-Célia; Fugazza, Marco
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  United Nations, New York

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    ISBN: 9789211129519
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    UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2019/4
    Subjects: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Commerce international; Barrières non tarifaires; Guides pratiques
    Scope: 96 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme, 24 cm
  6. A theory of economic unions
    Author: Gancia, Gino Alessandro; Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M.; Ventura, Jaume
    Published: November 2019
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26473
    Subjects: Wirtschaftsintegration; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Außenwirtschaftstheorie; EU-Staaten
    Scope: 42 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  7. The post-recession rise of non-tariff measures
    Author: Torsekar, Mihir
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Office of Industries working paper / United States International Trade Commission ; no. ID-064 (November 2019)
    Subjects: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Zollpolitik; Handelseffekt; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse; Welt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Facilitating trade through regulatory cooperation
    the case of the WTO's TBT/SPS Agreements and Committees
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  WTO, Geneva

    The WTO plays an important role in supporting efforts to achieve international regulatory cooperation (IRC) and to facilitate trade. First, the WTO provides a multilateral framework for trade among its 164 members, with a view to ensuring that trade... more

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    The WTO plays an important role in supporting efforts to achieve international regulatory cooperation (IRC) and to facilitate trade. First, the WTO provides a multilateral framework for trade among its 164 members, with a view to ensuring that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. Second, the WTO's Agreements provide important legal disciplines, helping to promote good regulatory practice and IRC at the domestic level as a means of reducing unnecessary barriers to trade. This publication highlights how the WTO's Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the work of their related Committees promote opportunities for regulatory cooperation among governments and ease trade frictions. It demonstrates how members' notification of draft measures, harmonisation of measures with international standards, discussion of specific trade concerns and other practices help to facilitate global trade in goods. The study also makes recommendations on how to benefit further from the transparency and cooperation opportunities provided by the TBT and SPS Agreements

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9789287042842
    Subjects: WTO-Recht; Handelsabkommen; Handelsliberalisierung; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Pflanzenschutz; Welt; International trade; Non-tariff trade barriers; Trade regulation; International trade; Non-tariff trade barriers; Trade regulation
    Scope: 97 Seiten, Illustrationen, 30 cm
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    Includes bibliographical references
  9. A theory of economic unions
    Author: Ventura, Jaume; Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M.; Gancia, Gino Alessandro
    Published: 15 November 2019
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP14121
    Subjects: Wirtschaftsintegration; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Außenwirtschaftstheorie; EU-Staaten; Economic unions; Non-tariff barriers; European integration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The changing landscape of agricultural markets and trade
    prospects for future reforms
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral... more

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    This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers ; no. 118
    Subjects: Agroindustrie; Agraraußenhandel; Landhandel; Agrarpolitik; Wertschöpfung; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Dienstleistungshandel; Politische Reform; Welt; Agriculture and Food
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. A practical guide to the economic analysis of non-tariff measures
    Author: Disdier, Anne-Célia; Fugazza, Marco
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  United Nations, New York

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9789211129519
    Other identifier:
    UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2019/4
    Subjects: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Commerce international; Barrières non tarifaires; Guides pratiques
    Scope: 96 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme, 24 cm
  12. The evolution of the treatment of agriculture in preferential trade agreements
    Author: Greenville, Jared; Thompson-Lipponen, Clara
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question... more

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    Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question as to the extent to which their treatment of agriculture has changed over time, and whether the liberalising elements contained in these agreements are increasingly addressing distortions in world agro-food markets. This paper presents findings on the evolution of the treatment of agriculture within preferential trade agreements. Changes in various aspects of liberalisation achieved through these agreements have been explored, such as provisions related to market access, export competition and domestic support. The report finds that agriculture appears to be increasingly treated in a similar manner to other goods trade, with expansion in the scope of agreements extending to agriculture. Agreements are delivering reduced tariffs among members across the majority of agricultural commodities – however, heterogeneity of rules of origin between agreements is likely to be undermining these benefits. Reflecting multilateral rules, provisions related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Barriers to Trade have become a standard feature of agreements. Overall, preferential trade agreements are strongly influenced by the multilateral framework.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers ; no. 126
    Subjects: Agraraußenhandel; Handelspräferenzen; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; WTO-Recht; Agriculture and Food; Trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Trade and economic effects of IRC
    further empirical evidence from SPS and TBT provisions
    Author: Disdier, Anne-Célia; Stone, Susan F.; Tongeren, Frank W. van
    Published: 2019-03-08
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to... more

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    Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD trade policy papers ; no. 224
    Subjects: Außenhandel; Internationale Handelspolitik; Handelsabkommen; Gravitationsmodell; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Welt; Trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Quantifying the barriers to services trade in the Commonwealth
    a focus on Kenya and Rwanda
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  The Commonwealth, London

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  15. The changing landscape of agricultural markets and trade
    prospects for future reforms
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral... more

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    This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers ; no. 118
    Subjects: Agroindustrie; Agraraußenhandel; Landhandel; Agrarpolitik; Wertschöpfung; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Dienstleistungshandel; Politische Reform; Welt; Agriculture and Food
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. How do technical barriers to trade affect foreign direct investment?
    evidence from Central, East and Southeast Europe
    Author: Ghodsi, Mahdi
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

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    W 832 (160)
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper / WIIW, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies ; 160 (January 2019)
    Subjects: Auslandsinvestition; Multinationales Unternehmen; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Handelsliberalisierung; Zollpräferenzen; Handelseffekt; Osteuropa
    Scope: 25 Seiten, Illustrationen, 30 cm
    Notes:

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  17. Do strong export relationships imply economic dependency?
    Author: Desai, Prashant; Hallren, Ross J.; Kobza, Christine
    Published: July 2019
    Publisher:  U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC

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    Series: Economics working paper series / U.S. International Trade Commission ; no. 2019, 07-C
    Subjects: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen; Quotenregulierung; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Handelseffekt; Partielles Gleichgewicht
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen