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  1. Value addition, jobs and skills: a study of India's exports
    Author: Das, Deb Kusum; Kukreja, Prateek
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, [New Delhi]

    Exports serve as an engine of economic growth and can potentially help countries come out of poverty and unemployment. However, as the production process is increasingly getting fragmented globally, greater exports no longer imply higher domestic... more

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    Exports serve as an engine of economic growth and can potentially help countries come out of poverty and unemployment. However, as the production process is increasingly getting fragmented globally, greater exports no longer imply higher domestic production, as imports of intermediate products used as inputs in exports also increase. Global Value Chains (GVCs) have now become a defining feature of trade in goods and services globally. Economic Survey 2019-20 also highlighted the importance of GVCs in India's exports, by devoting an entire chapter, suggesting ways to integrate Indian firms into GVCs. With the advent of GVCs, the official trade data does not go very far in explaining the job creating aspect of exports. Further, technological changes are creating new occupations and jobs as the demand for workers with requisite skills is rising. At the same time, some existing jobs may be altered, reduced or eliminated. Therefore, besides assessing the extent of employment supported by India's exports, it is also important to understand the skill composition of such jobs. In this regard, the present study looks at the trends in domestic and foreign value-added share, and employment and skill-composition of jobs supported by India's exports between 2003-04 and 2013-14 using an Input-Output (I-O) table framework. The analysis highlights several interesting patterns. First, import content in exports has steadily increased from 15.9% in 2003-04 to 27.2% in 2013-14. Secondly, export related jobs grew at a much faster rate than overall employment during the period. Thirdly, a chunk of these jobs has gone to persons with below secondary education. While the rate of growth for these low skilled jobs has declined, we observe a sharp rise in the rate of growth of high skilled jobs supported by exports. Lastly, there is also a huge inter-sector disparity in the skill composition of jobs supported by exports, with agricultural exports supporting majorly unskilled and low-skilled jobs, whereas exports of services supporting mostly high skilled ones.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/242871
    Series: Working paper / Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations ; no. 392
    Subjects: Exports; Global Value Chain; Input-Output; Value Added; Jobs; Skills
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Job creation and demand for skills in Kosovo
    what can we learn from job portal data?
    Author: Brancatelli, Calogero; Marguerie, Alicia; Brodmann, Stefanie
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    In Kosovo, employers report significant skill shortages, which limits firm growth and job creation. To understand the labor market dynamics and employer needs in real time, this paper analyzes the content of job postings using data from major online... more

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    In Kosovo, employers report significant skill shortages, which limits firm growth and job creation. To understand the labor market dynamics and employer needs in real time, this paper analyzes the content of job postings using data from major online job portals from 2018. The findings show that the skills that are most in demand are socioemotional skills (especially related to extraversion), foreign language skills, and computer skills. The importance of these skills is transversal, cutting not only across occupations and industries, but also universally demanded in all education fields. The need for these skills is expressed more often and more explicitly in postings for jobs requiring higher levels of experience. Moreover, job platforms are used almost exclusively for filling high-skill occupations, especially in Kosovo's capital city, Pristina, whereas many low- and medium-skill jobs and jobs outside the capital are filled through informal channels. Overall, online data can be a useful tool for policy makers and other stakeholders to help align career services, training programs, and educational curricula with the skill needs of firms in real time

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9266
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Jobs; Skills demand; Online job portal; Kosovo
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. When face-to-face interactions become an occupational hazard
    jobs in the time of COVID-19
    Author: Avdiu, Besart; Nayyar, Gaurav
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high... more

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    There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high degree of face-to-face interactions with consumers can capture complementary but distinct mechanisms to assess this vulnerability. This paper uses data on 900 job titles from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database for the United States to demonstrate that there is substantial heterogeneity in vulnerability across industries, income groups, and gender. First, industries vary in whether they emphasize face-to-face interactions and home-based work and the two do not always go hand-in-hand. Second, occupations that are less amenable to home-based work are largely concentrated among the lower wage deciles. Third, a larger share of women's employment is accounted for by occupations that are intensive in face-to-face interactions

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9240
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: COVID-19; Jobs; Face-to-face interactions; Home-based work
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Jobs interventions for refugees and internally displaced persons
    Author: Schuettler, Kirsten; Caron, Laura
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) often struggle to integrate the labor market. Even where they have the unrestricted right to work their labor market outcomes lack behind those of other groups, at least in the short- to medium-term.... more

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    Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) often struggle to integrate the labor market. Even where they have the unrestricted right to work their labor market outcomes lack behind those of other groups, at least in the short- to medium-term. This literature review brings together two strands of research to inform the design of successful job interventions in this context: the evidence on how forced displacement impacts those forcibly displaced in their economic lives and the existing knowledge on jobs interventions for refugees and IDPs. The specific challenges that those forcibly displaced face on the labor market are linked to the loss of assets and separation from family members; the lack of skills required on the host labor market; the impacts of forced displacement on their physical and mental health and their economic behavior (in terms of prospects and aspirations, risk-aversion and time horizon); their legal situation; a lack of social networks and discrimination as well as a high likelihood of excess supply on the labor market at destination. Rigorous quasi-experimental or experimental evidence on jobs interventions for this target group is scarce and mainly focused on high-income countries. A review of the existing literature points to the importance of conducting thorough assessments of the demand and supply side of the labor market, including the legal situation of those forcibly displaced and their perceptions and aspirations, before designing intervention

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/33953
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 47
    Subjects: FORCED DISPLACEMENT; FORCED MIGRATION; INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS; JOB ASSISTANCE; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; LABOR POLICY; REFUGEES; UNEMPLOYMENT; Refugees; Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs); Forced Migration; Forced Displacement; Host Communities; Labor Markets; Wages; Employment; Unemployment; Livelihoods; Jobs; Jobs Interventions; Active Labor Market Policies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Jobs, economic growth, and capacity development for youth in Africa
    Author: Bhorat, Haroon; Oosthuizen, Morné
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town

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    ISBN: 9781920633769
    Series: DPRU working paper ; 2020, 05
    Subjects: Africa; Economic Growth; Jobs; Employment; Youth; Demographic Dividend; Population; Labour Markets; Structural Transformation; Economic Complexity; Product Space
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Jobs, economic growth, and capacity development for youth in Africa
    Author: Bhorat, Haroon; Oosthuizen, Morné
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  African Development Bank, Abidjan

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper series / African Development Bank Group ; no 336 (June 2020)
    Subjects: Jugend; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitslosigkeit; Lohn; Lohnentwicklung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Wirtschaftsentwicklung; Jobs; Economic Growth; Capacity Development; Youth; Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (54 Seiten), Diagramme
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    Literaturverzeichnis, Literaturhinweise, Annex, Tabellen
  7. Gender and labour market adjustment to trade: the case of India
    Author: Johannesson, Louise; Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik
    Published: August 11, 2020
    Publisher:  Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

    Standing at 24% in 2018, India's female labour force participation is only half of the global average (48%). At the same time, India has one of the widest gender wage gaps in the world and women are less likely to be employed in the formal sector... more

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    Standing at 24% in 2018, India's female labour force participation is only half of the global average (48%). At the same time, India has one of the widest gender wage gaps in the world and women are less likely to be employed in the formal sector compared to men. This study focuses on the role of international trade as a source of increased competitive pressure in domestic markets, and how it affects relative wages and formal employment between men and women. Using the Revealed Symmetrical Comparative Advantage index, sectors of comparative advantage and disadvantage are identified and matched on Indian labour force surveys that contain information on sectoral employment and earnings. We find that sectors of comparative advantage in services have the lowest gender wage gap, with women earning 24% less than their male counterpart, while women in manufacturing earned on average 40% less than male workers. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows that the total gender wage gap in sectors of comparative advantage in services are minor while it is quite substantial in manufacturing, regardless of the comparative advantage. The study concludes that trade goes hand in hand with a smaller gender wage gap in the services sectors as it allows women to leverage their skills better than in manufacturing.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240491
    Series: IFN working paper ; no. 1348 (2020)
    Subjects: Gender; International trade; Jobs; Earnings
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Jobs and job quality between the eve of the Great Recession and the eve of COVID-19
    Author: Bourquin, Pascale; Waters, Tom
    Published: 25 Jun 2020
    Publisher:  The Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    In 2019, the employment rate among 25- to 64-year-olds in the UK reached 80% - the highest on record, and considerably higher than the 76% rate recorded shortly before the Great Recession. In this paper, we investigate this growth across several... more

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    In 2019, the employment rate among 25- to 64-year-olds in the UK reached 80% - the highest on record, and considerably higher than the 76% rate recorded shortly before the Great Recession. In this paper, we investigate this growth across several dimensions. We analyse which sectors, demographic groups and regions accounted for the rise, and show the effect of certain policies and compositional changes on the employment rate. We also investigate how job 'quality' - in both financial and non-financial terms - has changed. We find that almost all demographic groups and regions saw a rise in employment, especially those with low pre-existing employment rates and those near the bottom of the income distribution. The growth in employment was entirely accounted for by a rise in jobs that can be done from home, making the workforce more resilient to the COVID-19 crisis - but the workforce also shifted towards those with childcare responsibilities, undoing some of that resilience. Hourly pay growth was very weak over the period, with the median actually slightly falling. Other indicators of job quality show a more mixed picture: employees seem to have greater attachment to their work and firm, but perceive less security and flexibility in their job.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223295
    Series: IFS working paper ; W20, 19
    Subjects: Employment; Jobs; Recovery; Job Quality; Great Recession; COVID-19
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Call Centre and Hospitality Industry in J&K State
    Author: Khalid Khan, Hanan
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9786200548658; 620054865X
    Other identifier:
    9786200548658
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Other subjects: (Produktform)Electronic book text; Call Centers; Hospitality; Employment; Economy; Jobs; (VLB-WN)1564: Englische Sprachwissenschaft, Literaturwissenschaft
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 196 Seiten
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    Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten
  10. Jobs interventions for refugees and internally displaced persons
    Author: Schuettler, Kirsten; Caron, Laura
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) often struggle to integrate the labor market. Even where they have the unrestricted right to work their labor market outcomes lack behind those of other groups, at least in the short- to medium-term.... more

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    Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) often struggle to integrate the labor market. Even where they have the unrestricted right to work their labor market outcomes lack behind those of other groups, at least in the short- to medium-term. This literature review brings together two strands of research to inform the design of successful job interventions in this context: the evidence on how forced displacement impacts those forcibly displaced in their economic lives and the existing knowledge on jobs interventions for refugees and IDPs. The specific challenges that those forcibly displaced face on the labor market are linked to the loss of assets and separation from family members; the lack of skills required on the host labor market; the impacts of forced displacement on their physical and mental health and their economic behavior (in terms of prospects and aspirations, risk-aversion and time horizon); their legal situation; a lack of social networks and discrimination as well as a high likelihood of excess supply on the labor market at destination. Rigorous quasi-experimental or experimental evidence on jobs interventions for this target group is scarce and mainly focused on high-income countries. A review of the existing literature points to the importance of conducting thorough assessments of the demand and supply side of the labor market, including the legal situation of those forcibly displaced and their perceptions and aspirations, before designing intervention

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/33953
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 47
    Subjects: FORCED DISPLACEMENT; FORCED MIGRATION; INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS; JOB ASSISTANCE; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; LABOR POLICY; REFUGEES; UNEMPLOYMENT; Refugees; Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs); Forced Migration; Forced Displacement; Host Communities; Labor Markets; Wages; Employment; Unemployment; Livelihoods; Jobs; Jobs Interventions; Active Labor Market Policies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Job creation and demand for skills in Kosovo
    what can we learn from job portal data?
    Author: Brancatelli, Calogero; Marguerie, Alicia; Brodmann, Stefanie
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    In Kosovo, employers report significant skill shortages, which limits firm growth and job creation. To understand the labor market dynamics and employer needs in real time, this paper analyzes the content of job postings using data from major online... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bibliothek und wissenschaftliche Information
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    In Kosovo, employers report significant skill shortages, which limits firm growth and job creation. To understand the labor market dynamics and employer needs in real time, this paper analyzes the content of job postings using data from major online job portals from 2018. The findings show that the skills that are most in demand are socioemotional skills (especially related to extraversion), foreign language skills, and computer skills. The importance of these skills is transversal, cutting not only across occupations and industries, but also universally demanded in all education fields. The need for these skills is expressed more often and more explicitly in postings for jobs requiring higher levels of experience. Moreover, job platforms are used almost exclusively for filling high-skill occupations, especially in Kosovo's capital city, Pristina, whereas many low- and medium-skill jobs and jobs outside the capital are filled through informal channels. Overall, online data can be a useful tool for policy makers and other stakeholders to help align career services, training programs, and educational curricula with the skill needs of firms in real time

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9266
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Jobs; Skills demand; Online job portal; Kosovo
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. When face-to-face interactions become an occupational hazard
    jobs in the time of COVID-19
    Author: Avdiu, Besart; Nayyar, Gaurav
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high... more

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high degree of face-to-face interactions with consumers can capture complementary but distinct mechanisms to assess this vulnerability. This paper uses data on 900 job titles from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database for the United States to demonstrate that there is substantial heterogeneity in vulnerability across industries, income groups, and gender. First, industries vary in whether they emphasize face-to-face interactions and home-based work and the two do not always go hand-in-hand. Second, occupations that are less amenable to home-based work are largely concentrated among the lower wage deciles. Third, a larger share of women's employment is accounted for by occupations that are intensive in face-to-face interactions

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9240
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: COVID-19; Jobs; Face-to-face interactions; Home-based work
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen