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  1. Browsers Don't Lie? Gender Differences in the Effects of the Indian COVID-19 Lockdown on Digital Activity and Time Use
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We measure the impact of the initial Indian national COVID-19 lockdown on digital activity using browser histories of 1,094 individuals, spanning over 31.5 million website visits on computers and mobile devices. Reflecting the predicted increase in... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We measure the impact of the initial Indian national COVID-19 lockdown on digital activity using browser histories of 1,094 individuals, spanning over 31.5 million website visits on computers and mobile devices. Reflecting the predicted increase in the value of online activity, both men and women in our sample dramatically increased their internet browsing during the lockdown. However, men's browsing increased by significantly more, causing gender gaps overall and in key browsing categories, and in browsing on mobile devices. Our browser data showed significant relative reductions in women's online job search, corroborated in aggregate data obtained from a major Indian online job platform, indicating potentially persistent harms to women's employment. Consistent with increased childcare obligations driving the observed gender gaps, we find that gaps were greatest among parents. Men and women in our sample had similar browsing levels and trends pre-pandemic, which diverged during the lockdown. Our primary findings therefore shed new light on determinants of digital time use, while also highlighting the importance of considering both extensive and intensive margins of digital activity to track the digital divide. In our secondary analysis of time devoted to childcare, we find conflicting survey responses between fathers (who report an increase relative to mothers) and mothers (who report no such increase). While our data cannot directly resolve this conflict, they do show fathers having larger increases in time spent online, with no relative increase in childcare-related browsing. This secondary result demonstrates the value of complementing survey data with digital trace data

     

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  2. Girls' Night In? Effects of the Kenyan COVID-19 Lockdown on Web Browsing
    Published: December 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We present the first objective evidence on how COVID-19 lockdowns affected internet browser usage in Africa, using detailed digital trace data on PC-based and mobile-based browsing patterns of 316 Kenyans who had access to a PC, covering the period... more

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    Verlag (lizenzpflichtig)
    Resolving-System (lizenzpflichtig)
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    No inter-library loan
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    No inter-library loan
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    No inter-library loan
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    No inter-library loan
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    No inter-library loan
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    No inter-library loan

     

    We present the first objective evidence on how COVID-19 lockdowns affected internet browser usage in Africa, using detailed digital trace data on PC-based and mobile-based browsing patterns of 316 Kenyans who had access to a PC, covering the period before and during Kenya's first national COVID-19 curfew that was declared on March 25, 2020. We find that total daily browser usage increased by 41 minutes, or 15 percent of average browsing time, after the curfew started. We find no significant differences in total browsing time during the curfew by gender or by residence in high-speed vs. low-speed broadband access areas. However, we do find gender differences in the content of browsing. Women's time on YouTube and Netflix exceeded men's from the start of our sample period, and the gender gap in Netflix browsing increased by 36 minutes daily, corresponding to almost twice the average daily Netflix time in the sample. Men's browsing became less concentrated during the curfew, across both domains and topics, but women's did not. The degree of overlap in browsing between men and women also increased, likely due to men visiting sites that were previously exclusively visited by women. Across the entire sample, browsing of Kenyan domains dropped significantly relative to that of non-Kenyan domains, indicating greater reliance on international content during this period of economic and social upheaval

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31997
    Subjects: Internetnutzung; Streaming-Dienst; Geschlechterunterschiede; Coronavirus; Epidemie; Lockdown; Infektionsschutz; Konsumentenverhalten; Kenia; Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis; Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms; Information and Internet Services; Computer Software; Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  3. Pivoting digital inclusion to unlock Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands
    an ICT composite index approach
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, Nairobi, Kenya

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789914738391
    Series: KIPPRA discussion paper ; no. 314 (2023)
    Subjects: Internetnutzung; Digitale Spaltung; Trockengebiet; Kenia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)