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  1. Robbing Peter to Pay Paul? The Redistribution of Wealth Caused by Rent Control
    Author: Ahern, Kenneth R.; Giacoletti, Marco
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We use the price effects caused by the passage of rent control in St. Paul, Minnesota in 2021, to study the transfer of wealth across income groups. First, we find that rent control caused property values to fall by 6-7%, for an aggregate loss of... more

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    We use the price effects caused by the passage of rent control in St. Paul, Minnesota in 2021, to study the transfer of wealth across income groups. First, we find that rent control caused property values to fall by 6-7%, for an aggregate loss of $1.6 billion. A calibrated model of house prices under rent control attributes a third of these losses to indirect, negative externalities. Second, leveraging administrative parcel-level data, we find that the tenants who gained the most from rent control had higher incomes and were more likely to be white, while the owners who lost the most had lower incomes and were more likely to be minorities. For properties with high-income owners and low-income tenants, the transfer of wealth was close to zero. Thus, to the extent that rent control is intended to transfer wealth from high-income to low-income households, the realized impact of the law was the opposite of its intention

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30083
    Subjects: Verteilungswirkung; Mietenpolitik; USA; Allocative Efficiency; Cost–Benefit Analysis; Externalities; Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth; Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies; Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics; Housing Supply and Markets; Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis; Government Policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  2. Pandemic pressures and public health care
    evidence from England
    Author: Fetzer, Thiemo; Rauh, Christopher
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Warwick economics research papers ; no: 1395 (January 2022)
    Subjects: Health; Externalities; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Excessdeaths; Cancer; NHS; Public healthcare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Cars in Europe
    supply chains and spillovers during COVID-19 times
    Author: Boranova, Vizhdan; Huidrom, Raju; Ozturk, Ezgi; Stepanyan, Ara; Topalova, Petia; Zhang, Shihangyin
    Published: 2022 JAN
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of... more

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    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of global pandemic-induced labor supply shocks-both directly and via supply chains-during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the auto sector and aggregate activity in Europe. Our results suggest that these labor supply shocks would have a significant adverse impact on the major auto producers in Europe, with one-third of the decline in the value added of the car sector attributable to spillovers via supply chains within and across borders. Within borders, the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks in the services sector have a bigger adverse impact, reflecting their larger size and associated demand effects. Across borders, spillovers from the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks that originate in other European countries are larger than those that originate outside the region, though the latter are still sizable

     
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  4. Who wins and who loses from state subsidies?
    Author: Du, Jun; Girma, Sourafel; Görg, Holger; Stepanok, Ignat
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, [Kiel]

    China is perceived to rely on subsidizing firms in targeted industries to improve their performance and stay competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on subsidized and... more

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    China is perceived to rely on subsidizing firms in targeted industries to improve their performance and stay competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on subsidized and non-subsidized firms. We find that firms that receive subsidies experience a boost for productivity. However, our approach highlights the importance of indirect effects, which are generally neglected in the literature. We find that, in general but not always, non-subsidized firms experience reductions in their productivity growth if they operate in a cluster where other firms are subsidized. These negative externalities depend on the share of firms that receive subsidies in the cluster. Aggregating direct and indirect effects into a (weighted) total effect shows that this negative indirect effect tends to dominate. We interpret our results in the light of a simple heterogenous firm type model, which highlights that subsidization, in a competitive environment of firms, may potentially harm non-subsidized firms.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/256927
    Series: Kiel working paper ; no. 2220 (May 2022)
    Subjects: Subvention; Unternehmenserfolg; Externer Effekt; Kausalanalyse; China; Subsidies; Firm performance; Treatment effects; Externalities; China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Socially responsible divestment
    Author: Edmans, Alex; Levit, Doron; Schneemeier, Jan
    Published: 28 April 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP17262
    Subjects: Socially responsible investing; sustainable investing; Externalities; Exclusion; Divestment; tilting; exit; governance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten)
  6. Digitalization and tax compliance spillovers
    evidence from a VAT e-invoicing reform in Peru
    Author: Bellon, Matthieu; Chang, Jillie; Dabla-Norris, Era; Khalid, Salma; Paliza, Juan Carlos; Villena, Pilar
    Published: 2022 MAR
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Our study uses administrative data on firm-to-firm transactions and quasi- experimental variation in the rollout of electronic invoicing reforms in Peru to study the diffusion of e-invoicing through firm networks and its effect on tax compliance. We... more

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    Our study uses administrative data on firm-to-firm transactions and quasi- experimental variation in the rollout of electronic invoicing reforms in Peru to study the diffusion of e-invoicing through firm networks and its effect on tax compliance. We find that voluntary e-invoicing adoption is higher amongst firms with partners who are mandated to adopt e-invoicing, implying positive technology adoption spillovers. Spillovers are stronger from downstream partners and from export-oriented firms. Firms are less likely to continue transacting with a partner who has been mandated into e-invoicing, with the effect only partially reversed if both firms adopt e-invoicing, suggesting that network segmentation may occur. Smaller firms who transact with partners mandated into e-invoicing report 11 percent more sales and pay 17 more VAT in the year that their partner is mandated to adopt e-invoicing, suggesting positive spillovers in tax compliance behavior for this subset of firms

     
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  7. Schoolgirls not brides
    secondary education as a shield against child marriage
    Author: Giacobino, Hélène; Huillery, Elise; Michel, Bastien; Sage, Mathilde
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  UMR LEDa, Paris

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Document de travail / UMR LEDa ; DT/2022, 01
    Subjects: Kind; Mädchen; Schulbildung; Schulbesuch; Sekundarstufe; Ausbildungsförderung; Stipendium; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Ehe; Zwangsheirat; Child Marriage; Education; Women Empowerment; Externalities; Niger
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (58 Seiten), Diagramme
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    Literaturverzeichnis, Literaturhinweise, Annex, Tabellen
  8. Optimal Income Taxation
    Author: Kaplow, Louis
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This article explores subjects in optimal income taxation characterized by recent research interest, practical importance in light of concerns about inequality, potential for misunderstanding, and prospects for advancement. Throughout, the analysis... more

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    This article explores subjects in optimal income taxation characterized by recent research interest, practical importance in light of concerns about inequality, potential for misunderstanding, and prospects for advancement. Throughout, the analysis highlights paths for further investigation. Areas of focus include multidimensional abilities and endogenous wages; asymmetric information and the income of founders; production and consumption externalities from labor effort; market power and rents; behavioral phenomena relating to perceptions of the income tax schedule, myopic labor supply, and the interactions of savings, savings policies, and labor supply; optimal income transfers; the relationship between optimal income taxation and the use of other instruments; and issues relating to the social welfare function and utility functions, including nonwelfarist objectives, welfare weights, heterogeneous preferences, and taxation of the family

     
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  9. Pandemic pressures and public health care
    evidence from England
    Author: Fetzer, Thiemo; Rauh, Christopher
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Series: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2207
    Janeway Institute working paper series ; 2022, 04
    Subjects: Health; Externalities; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Excess deaths; Cancer; NHS; Public health care
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Externality control and endogenous market structure under uncertainty
    the price vs. quantity dilemma
    Author: Di Corato, Luca; Maoz, Yishay
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice Italy

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    Series: Working paper / Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Economics ; 2022, no. 13
    Subjects: Investment; Uncertainty; Caps; Taxes; Competition; Externalities; Welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Pollution versus inequality: tradeoffs for fiscal policy
    Author: Hainnaux, Camille; Seegmuller, Thomas
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [Aix-Marseille School of Economics], [Aix-en-Provence

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    Series: Working papers / AMSE, Aix-Marseille School of Economics ; WP 2022, nr 21
    Subjects: Externalities; Heterogeneous agents; Inequality; Pollution; Redistribution; Taxation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. It's fundamental: welfare theorems, market failures, and the turn from "public finance" to "public economics"
    Author: Medema, Steven G.
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  Center for the History of Political Economy at Duke University, [Durham, NC]

    In a paper delivered at the December 1955 meeting of the Econometric Society, Paul Samuelson noted that though economists had done "work of high quality and great quantity in the field of taxation," the theory of public expenditure had been... more

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    In a paper delivered at the December 1955 meeting of the Econometric Society, Paul Samuelson noted that though economists had done "work of high quality and great quantity in the field of taxation," the theory of public expenditure had been "relatively neglected" (1958, 332). Anglo-American treatments of the subject, which in the late 19th century began to take the form of the self-contained treatise, typically opened with a brief, almost obligatory statement of the proper functions of the state before launching into their extensive disquisitions on sundry aspects of taxation, public debt and, eventually, fiscal policy. The operative point here is that these roles assigned to the state were asserted, and typically briefly, rather than demonstrated, even if the tasks ascribed-e.g., national defense, a system of justice, public works-resonate with modern theoretical sensibilities. The last third of the twentieth century, though, saw a significant structural change in this pattern. While the analysis of taxation and other financing issues did not disappear (and, in the case of taxation, continue to expand in scope), the cursory treatment of the functions of the state slowly gave way to deeper and more systematic inquiries. Indeed, by the mid-1980s the 'public expenditure theory' lacuna lamented by Samuelson had largely been filled with the theories of public goods, externalities, marginal-cost cum peak-load pricing. This paper documents and attempts to explain this transformation, locating its origins in Richard Musgrave's normative theory of the public household and the adoption by subsequent thinkers of new developments in welfare theory, which was seen to offer a theoretically sophisticated a vision of the state's role as a response to the problem of market failure.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265406
    Edition: Version 1.3
    Series: CHOPE working paper ; no. 2022, 09 (September 2022)
    Subjects: Public Finance; Public Economics; Welfare Economics; Externalities; Public Goods; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Musgrave
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  13. Pandemic pressures and public health care
    evidence from England
    Author: Fetzer, Thiemo; Rauh, Christopher
    Published: 27 January 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Array ; DP16955
    Subjects: Health; Externalities; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Excess Deaths; cancer; NHS; Publichealth care
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Supranational cooperation and regulatory arbitrage
    Author: Beck, Thorsten; Silva-Buston, Consuelo; Wagner, Wolf
    Published: 31 January 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP16978
    Subjects: supranational cooperation; cross-border banking; Externalities
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Artificial intelligence, ethics, and intergenerational responsibility
    Author: Klockmann, Victor; Schenk, Alicia von; Villeval, Marie-Claire
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, [Frankfurt am Main]

    In more and more situations, artificially intelligent algorithms have to model humans' (social) preferences on whose behalf they increasingly make decisions. They can learn these preferences through the repeated observation of human behavior in... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    In more and more situations, artificially intelligent algorithms have to model humans' (social) preferences on whose behalf they increasingly make decisions. They can learn these preferences through the repeated observation of human behavior in social encounters. In such a context, do individuals adjust the selfishness or prosociality of their behavior when it is common knowledge that their actions produce various externalities through the training of an algorithm? In an online experiment, we let participants' choices in dictator games train an algorithm. Thereby, they create an externality on future decision making of an intelligent system that affects future participants. We show that individuals who are aware of the consequences of their training on the payoffs of a future generation behave more prosocially, but only when they bear the risk of being harmed themselves by future algorithmic choices. In that case, the externality of artificially intelligence training induces a significantly higher share of egalitarian decisions in the present.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249178
    Series: SAFE working paper ; no. 335 (January 2022)
    Subjects: Artificial Intelligence; Morality; Prosociality; Generations; Externalities
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The scope and limitations of incorporating externalities in competition analysis within a consumer welfare approach
    Author: Inderst, Roman; Thomas, Stefan
    Published: 11 January 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP16879
    Subjects: sustainability; Externalities; willingness-to-pay
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  17. The strong effects of weak externalities on school choice
    Author: Duque, Eduardo; Torres-Martínez, Juan Pablo
    Published: noviembre de 2022
    Publisher:  [Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Economía], Santiago

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: Serie de documentos de trabajo / Universidad de Chile, Facultad Economía y Negocios, Departamento de Economía ; SDT 542
    Subjects: School Choice; Externalities; Mechanism Design
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Who wins and who loses from state subsidies?
    Author: Du, Jun; Girma, Sourafel; Görg, Holger; Stepanok, Ignat
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), Kiel

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  19. Digitalization and tax compliance spillovers
    evidence from a VAT e-invoicing reform in Peru
    Author: Bellon, Matthieu; Chang, Jillie; Dabla-Norris, Era; Khalid, Salma; Paliza, Juan Carlos; Villena, Pilar
    Published: 2022 MAR
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Our study uses administrative data on firm-to-firm transactions and quasi- experimental variation in the rollout of electronic invoicing reforms in Peru to study the diffusion of e-invoicing through firm networks and its effect on tax compliance. We... more

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    Our study uses administrative data on firm-to-firm transactions and quasi- experimental variation in the rollout of electronic invoicing reforms in Peru to study the diffusion of e-invoicing through firm networks and its effect on tax compliance. We find that voluntary e-invoicing adoption is higher amongst firms with partners who are mandated to adopt e-invoicing, implying positive technology adoption spillovers. Spillovers are stronger from downstream partners and from export-oriented firms. Firms are less likely to continue transacting with a partner who has been mandated into e-invoicing, with the effect only partially reversed if both firms adopt e-invoicing, suggesting that network segmentation may occur. Smaller firms who transact with partners mandated into e-invoicing report 11 percent more sales and pay 17 more VAT in the year that their partner is mandated to adopt e-invoicing, suggesting positive spillovers in tax compliance behavior for this subset of firms

     
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  20. Cars in Europe
    supply chains and spillovers during COVID-19 times
    Author: Boranova, Vizhdan; Huidrom, Raju; Ozturk, Ezgi; Stepanyan, Ara; Topalova, Petia; Zhang, Shihangyin
    Published: 2022 JAN
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of... more

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    The auto sector is macro-critical in many European countries and constitutes one of the main supply chains in the region. Using a multi-sector and multi-country general equilibrium model, this paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of global pandemic-induced labor supply shocks-both directly and via supply chains-during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the auto sector and aggregate activity in Europe. Our results suggest that these labor supply shocks would have a significant adverse impact on the major auto producers in Europe, with one-third of the decline in the value added of the car sector attributable to spillovers via supply chains within and across borders. Within borders, the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks in the services sector have a bigger adverse impact, reflecting their larger size and associated demand effects. Across borders, spillovers from the pandemic-induced labor supply shocks that originate in other European countries are larger than those that originate outside the region, though the latter are still sizable

     
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