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Displaying results 1 to 25 of 39.

  1. Deceptive features on platforms
    Author: Johnen, Johannes; Somogyi, Robert
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  CORE, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 2078.1/260728
    Series: LIDAM discussion paper CORE ; 2022, 19
    Subjects: Online-Handel; Digitale Plattform; Preismanagement; Marktstruktur; Konsumentenverhalten; Netzwerkökonomik
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten)
  2. GDPR and the Lost Generation of Innovative Apps
    Author: Janßen, Rebecca; Kesler, Reinhold; Kummer, Michael E.; Waldfogel, Joel
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using data on 4.1 million apps at the Google Play Store from 2016 to 2019, we document that GDPR induced the exit of about a third of available apps; and in the quarters following implementation, entry of new apps fell by half. We estimate a... more

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    Using data on 4.1 million apps at the Google Play Store from 2016 to 2019, we document that GDPR induced the exit of about a third of available apps; and in the quarters following implementation, entry of new apps fell by half. We estimate a structural model of demand and entry in the app market. Comparing long-run equilibria with and without GDPR, we find that GDPR reduces consumer surplus and aggregate app usage by about a third. Whatever the privacy benefits of GDPR, they come at substantial costs in foregone innovation

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30028
    Subjects: Mobile Anwendung; Markteintritt; Marktaustritt; Digitale Dienste; Digitale Plattform; Datenschutz; EU-Staaten; General Data Protection Regulation; Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Entertainment; Media
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  3. Can a Website Bring Unemployment Down? Experimental Evidence from France
    Author: Ben Dhia, Aïcha; Crépon, Bruno; Mbih, Esther; Paul-Delvaux, Louise; Picard, Bertille; Pons, Vincent
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We evaluate the impact of an online platform giving job seekers tips to improve their search and recommendations of new occupations and locations to target, based on their personal data and labor market data. Our experiment used an encouragement... more

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    We evaluate the impact of an online platform giving job seekers tips to improve their search and recommendations of new occupations and locations to target, based on their personal data and labor market data. Our experiment used an encouragement design and was conducted in collaboration with the French public employment agency. It includes 212,277 individuals. We find modest effects on search methods: the users of the platform adopt some of its tips and they are more likely to use resources provided by public employment services. However, following individual trajectories for 18 months after the intervention, we do not observe any impact on time spent looking for a job, search scope (occupational or geographical), or self-reported well-being. Most importantly, we do not find any effect on any employment outcome, whether in the short or medium run. We conclude that the enthusiasm around the potential for job-search assistance platforms to help reduce unemployment should be toned down

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29914
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Arbeitsvermittlung; Personalbeschaffung; Arbeitsuche; Experiment; Frankreich
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  4. Economic Shocks and Skill Acquisition
    Evidence from a National Online Learning Platform at the Onset of COVID-19
    Author: Ganguli, Ina; Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz; Stemper, Samuel W.; Zafar, Basit
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study how large shocks impact individuals' skilling decisions using data from the largest online learning platform in Saudi Arabia. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a massive increase in online skilling, and demand shifted towards... more

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    We study how large shocks impact individuals' skilling decisions using data from the largest online learning platform in Saudi Arabia. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a massive increase in online skilling, and demand shifted towards courses that offered skills, such as telework, likely to be immediately valuable during the pandemic. Consistent with a model where individuals trade off reskilling costs with their expectations of future labor market conditions and their duration of work, we find that shifts into telework courses were largest for older workers. In contrast, younger workers increased enrollments in courses related to new skills, such as general, occupation-specific, and computer-related skills. Using national administrative employment data, we provide suggestive evidence that these investments in skills in early 2020 helped users maintain employment over the course of the pandemic

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29921
    Subjects: Schock; Coronavirus; E-Learning; Digitale Plattform; Mediennutzung; Bildungsverhalten; Saudi-Arabien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  5. Competition law and regulation in digital markets
    final report
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat, Singapore

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Electronic Commerce; Online-Handel; Regulierung; Wettbewerbsrecht; Datenschutz; APEC-Staaten
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Do Startups Benefit from Their Investors' Reputation? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
    Author: Bernstein, Shai; Mehta, Kunal; Townsend, Richard R.; Xu, Ting
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We analyze a field experiment conducted on AngelList Talent, a large online search platform for startup jobs. In the experiment, AngelList randomly informed job seekers of whether a startup was funded by a top-tier investor and/or was funded... more

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    We analyze a field experiment conducted on AngelList Talent, a large online search platform for startup jobs. In the experiment, AngelList randomly informed job seekers of whether a startup was funded by a top-tier investor and/or was funded recently. We find that the same startup receives significantly more interest when information about top-tier investors is provided. Information about recent funding has no effect. The effect of top-tier investors is not driven by low-quality candidates and is stronger for earlier-stage startups. The results show that venture capitalists can add value passively, simply by attaching their names to startups

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29847
    Subjects: Arbeitsuche; Digitale Plattform; Unternehmensgründung; Reputation; Unternehmer; Feldforschung; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  7. Consumer Demand with Social Influences
    Evidence from an E-Commerce Platform
    Author: Caoui, El Hadi; Farronato, Chiara; Horton, John J.; Schultz, Robert
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    For some kinds of goods, rarity itself is valued. "Fashionable'" goods are demanded in part because they are unique. In this paper, we explore the economics of rare goods using auctions of limited-edition shoes held by an e-commerce platform. We... more

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    For some kinds of goods, rarity itself is valued. "Fashionable'" goods are demanded in part because they are unique. In this paper, we explore the economics of rare goods using auctions of limited-edition shoes held by an e-commerce platform. We model endogenous entry and bidding in multi-unit auctions and construct demand curves from realized bids. We find that doubling inventory reduces willingness to pay by 7-15%. From the producer perspective, ignoring the value of rarity leads to substantial overproduction: auctioned quantities are 82% above the profit-maximizing level. From the consumer perspective however, the negative spillovers of restricting quantity more than offset the benefits of rarer goods

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30351
    Subjects: Konsumentenverhalten; Digitale Plattform; Electronic Commerce; Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse; Auktionstheorie; Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis; Auctions; Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. Does Occupational Licensing Reduce Value Creation on Digital Platforms?
    Author: Blair, Peter Q.; Fisher, Mischa
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We test whether occupational licensing undercuts a key goal of digital marketplaces-- to increase social surplus by increasing the effectiveness of customer search. Our setting is a large online marketplace in the $500B home services industry where a... more

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    We test whether occupational licensing undercuts a key goal of digital marketplaces-- to increase social surplus by increasing the effectiveness of customer search. Our setting is a large online marketplace in the $500B home services industry where a platform converts customer search into sales leads that are accepted for purchase by service providers on the platform. For each of the 21 million observations in our data set, we observe task-level variation in the state licensing requirements that service providers must meet to operate on the platform. Exploiting two natural experiments, we find that licensing reduces the accept rate of sales leads by an average of 25 percent. The accept rate drops because licensing reduces the aggregate labor supply of workers on the platform and not because licensing increases the volume of customer search. We develop a model and derive analytic expressions for the impact of licensing on the welfare of consumers, service providers and the platform as a function of seven sufficient statistics which we estimate from the data. We find that licensing a task reduces service provider surplus and platform surplus without increasing consumer surplus

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30388
    Subjects: Immobilienwirtschaft; Immobilienmakler; Konzession; Online-Handel; Digitale Plattform; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; USA; General; Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing; Economics of Regulation; Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  9. Smiles in profiles: improving fairness and efficiency using estimates of user preferences in online marketplaces
    Author: Athey, Susan; Karlan, Dean; Palikot, Emil; Yuan, Yuan
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 22, 22 (Sept, 2022)
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Electronic Commerce; Verbraucherkredit; Künstliche Intelligenz; Matching; Konsumentenpräferenzen; Werbepsychologie; Experiment; Discrimination; Computer vision algorithms; Digital platforms; Matching markets; Experimental methods
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Microgiving with Digital Platforms
    Author: Jiang, Xiheng; Xing, Jianwei; Xu, Jintao; Zou, Eric Yongchen
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Microgiving, a new form of digital fundraising, operates by soliciting minuscule, recurring donations from large numbers of potential donors. We evaluate a charity subscription program operated by Alibaba, China's largest retail platform, which... more

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Microgiving, a new form of digital fundraising, operates by soliciting minuscule, recurring donations from large numbers of potential donors. We evaluate a charity subscription program operated by Alibaba, China's largest retail platform, which allows sellers to pledge a tiny portion of a product's revenue (2 cents per order) to charity, with donations made automatically as transactions occur. We present three sets of descriptive findings. First, sellers tend to pick their best-selling products for charity subscription, and many did so right before sales promotion of the associated products. This suggests revenue-maximizing motives. Second, charity subscriptions are almost never canceled, despite limited evidence that they increase revenues; interview evidence suggests that sellers' decision to keep donating is sustained by joys of giving that worth the tiny monetary sacrifices; we also observe sellers to purchase more charity-linked products themselves after they become charity subscribers. This suggests warm-glow utilities. Third, between 2018 and 2020, the program attracted more than 2 million Alibaba sellers and generated 1.2 billion yuan of charitable funds, representing one of China's largest online fundraisers and accounts for 12% of the country's overall online charitable sector. We conclude that digital platforms can create an incentive-compatible environment to scale up microgiving

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30102
    Subjects: Fundraising; Digitale Plattform; Online-Handel; Elektronisches Geld; Wohltätigkeit; Abonnement; China; Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers; Public Goods; Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce; Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  11. When Is Discrimination Unfair?
    Author: Kuhn, Peter Joseph; Osaki, Trevor T.
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using a vignette-based survey experiment on Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we measure how people's assessments of the fairness of race-based hiring decisions vary with the motivation and circumstances surrounding the discriminatory act and the races of... more

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    Using a vignette-based survey experiment on Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we measure how people's assessments of the fairness of race-based hiring decisions vary with the motivation and circumstances surrounding the discriminatory act and the races of the parties involved. Regardless of their political leaning, our subjects do not distinguish between taste-based and statistical discrimination, but they react in very similar ways to other aspects of the act, such as the quality of information on which statistical discrimination is based. Compared to conservatives, moderates and liberals are much less accepting of discriminatory actions, and consider the discriminatee's race when making their fairness assessments. We describe four simple models of fairness -utilitarianism, race-blind rules (RBRs), racial in-group bias, and belief-based utilitarianism (BBU)-- and show that the latter two are inconsistent with major patterns in our data. Instead, we argue that a two-group model in which conservatives care only about race-blind rules (RBRs), while moderates and liberals care about both RBRs and utilitarian ethics can account for the main patterns we see

     
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30236
    Subjects: Personalauswahl; Anforderungsprofil; Digitale Plattform; Online-Befragung; Politische Einstellung; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Gerechtigkeit; Utilitarismus; USA; race-blind rule; belief-based utilitanism; Discrimination
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  12. The platform economy and competition policy
    options for Canada
    Author: Wolfe, David A.; Mhlanga, Mdu
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  [Innovation Policy Lab, Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto], [Toronto]

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    Series: Innovation Policy Lab working paper series ; 2022, 02
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Netzwerkökonomik; Wettbewerbspolitik; Kanada
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  13. Decentralization Through Tokenization
    Author: Sockin, Michael; Xiong, Wei
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine decentralization of digital platforms through tokenization as an innovation to resolve the conflict between platforms and users. By delegating control to users, tokenization through utility tokens acts as a commitment device that prevents... more

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    We examine decentralization of digital platforms through tokenization as an innovation to resolve the conflict between platforms and users. By delegating control to users, tokenization through utility tokens acts as a commitment device that prevents a platform from exploiting users. This commitment comes at the cost of not having an owner with an equity stake who, in conventional platforms, would subsidize participation to maximize the platform's network effect. This trade-off makes utility tokens a more appealing funding scheme than equity for platforms with weak fundamentals. The conflict reappears when non-users, such as token investors and validators, participate on the platform

     
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29720
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Blockchain; Virtuelle Währung; utility token
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  14. Designing Benefits for Platform Workers
    Author: Gruber, Jonathan
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Designing benefits for the growing platform workforce in the U.S. poses significant challenges. While platform workers need protection against unforeseen shocks, work that is often part time and spread across multiple platforms makes the traditional... more

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    Designing benefits for the growing platform workforce in the U.S. poses significant challenges. While platform workers need protection against unforeseen shocks, work that is often part time and spread across multiple platforms makes the traditional benefits model untenable. This paper reports the results from a survey of drivers and couriers working with Uber to help understand their benefits preferences. We find that there is a wide diversity across these workers in platform earnings, the share of platform earnings from Uber, the share of family earnings from platform work and the availability of benefits from other jobs. We use willingness-to-pay questions to show that workers are willing to trade off additional income for benefits; after accounting for the tax advantage of benefits, workers are roughly indifferent on average between the two. While there are some trends in valuation, such as higher valuation for pension than for health contributions, the most notable feature of the data is the wide variation across workers in their preferences across benefits types and relative to income. Workers also show a preference for benefits that can help them commit to increase savings in the future

     
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29736
    Subjects: Betriebliche Sozialleistungen; Fehlzeit; Gig Economy; Atypische Beschäftigung; Digitale Plattform; Taxigewerbe; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  15. Could Machine Learning be a General Purpose Technology? A Comparison of Emerging Technologies Using Data from Online Job Postings
    Author: Goldfarb, Avi; Taska, Bledi; Teodoridis, Florenta
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    General purpose technologies (GPTs) push out the production possibility frontier and are of strategic importance to managers and policymakers. While theoretical models that explain the characteristics, benefits, and approaches to create and capture... more

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    General purpose technologies (GPTs) push out the production possibility frontier and are of strategic importance to managers and policymakers. While theoretical models that explain the characteristics, benefits, and approaches to create and capture value from GPTs have advanced significantly, empirical methods to identify GPTs are lagging. The handful of available attempts are typically context specific and rely on hindsight. For managers deciding on technology strategy, it means that the classification, when available, comes too late. We propose a more universal approach of assessing the GPT likelihood of emerging technologies using data from online job postings. We benchmark our approach against prevailing empirical GPT methods that exploit patent data and provide an application on a set of emerging technologies. Our application exercise suggests that a cluster of technologies comprised of machine learning and related data science technologies is relatively likely to be GPT

     
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29767
    Subjects: Informationstechnik; Künstliche Intelligenz; Technischer Fortschritt; Digitale Plattform; Arbeitsvermittlung; USA
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  16. The digital economy and productivity
    Author: Byrne, David
    Published: June 6, 2022
    Publisher:  Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.

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    Series: Finance and economics discussion series ; 2022, 038
    Subjects: Digitalisierung; Electronic Commerce; Digitale Plattform; Produktivität; Wirtschaftswachstum; Theorie
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Nordiska nyhetsmedier i global konkurrens
    nyhetsjournalistikens villkor i den digitala plattformsekonomin
    Author: Lindberg, Tobias
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Nordicom, Göteborg

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    Language: Swedish
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789188855657
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    Subjects: Pressemarkt; Presseverlag; Branchenentwicklung; Digitale Medien; Online-Marketing; Digitale Plattform; Dänemark; Färöer; Finnland; Ålandinseln; Grönland; Island; Norwegen; Schweden
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 129 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Local network effects in the adoption of a digital platform
    Author: Kim, Jin-Hyuk; Newberry, Peter; Wagman, Liad; Wolff, Ran
    Published: 2022

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    Parent title: Enthalten in: The journal of industrial economics; Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1952; 70(2022), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 493-524; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: Fußball; Sportveranstaltung; Computerspiel; Digitale Plattform; Konsumentenverhalten; Netzwerkökonomik; Räumliche Wirkung; Hawaii; Alaska
  19. Delivering next-generation public services through mobile technology
    Author: Bajpai, Nirupam; Beriya, Abhishek; Biberman, John; Sharma, Anchal; Wadhwa, Manisha
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  Center for Sustainable Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, [New York, NY]

    With the ongoing dramatic drop in prices for smartphones in India and the broader developing world, new frontiers are opening up for the incorporation of mobile technology into public service delivery. Mobile services in the fields of education and... more

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    With the ongoing dramatic drop in prices for smartphones in India and the broader developing world, new frontiers are opening up for the incorporation of mobile technology into public service delivery. Mobile services in the fields of education and health have already been widely disseminated, with enormous potential for future growth. Such platforms both improve the quality of the user experience and provide data which can vastly improve the public decision-making process. The expansion of public services into the realm of mobile technology will only be accelerated if governments synchronize the deployment of capable mobile platforms with investments in the digital infrastructure needed to support them. However, while this path presents great promise, it also risks deepening the digital divide. Implementing mobile-based public service delivery presents a number of roadblocks such as India’s relatively low rate of smartphone ownership, broadband infrastructure limitations, and overcoming the legacy of pre-digital institutions. These will need to be addressed in order to facilitate a smooth and inclusive transition towards applying these powerful technologies, but a successful outcome would mean a profound transformation of the Indian economy.

     
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    Series: CSD working paper series
    ICT India working paper ; #65
    Subjects: Öffentliche Dienstleistung; Digitale Plattform; Mobile Anwendung; Informationstechnik; Indien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. India digital ecosystem of agriculture and agristack
    an initial assessment
    Author: Beriya, Abhishek
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  Center for Sustainable Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, [New York, NY]

    Creation of an Agristack has now, for some time, been identified as a necessary step for the realisation of the potential offered by Digital technologies and ICTs in Indian Agriculture. In order to create Agristack, the Indian Agriculture Ministry is... more

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    Creation of an Agristack has now, for some time, been identified as a necessary step for the realisation of the potential offered by Digital technologies and ICTs in Indian Agriculture. In order to create Agristack, the Indian Agriculture Ministry is in the process of finalising the "India Digital Ecosystem of Agriculture (IDEA)" which lays down a framework for building Agristack. The IDEA Ecosystem shall help the Government in effective planning towards increasing the income of farmers in particular and improving the overall efficiency of the Agriculture sector. In the process towards building the Agristack, the Ministry is undertaking pilot projects in collaboration with leading technology companies and "Agtechs".We summarise both the IDEA initiative and the pilots in this paper. We find that the IDEA ecosystem and the pilot projects are welcome initiatives. However, owing to some concerns around data and individual privacy that have been raised as well as the efficacy of solutions and the significant involvement of the private sector, continued transparency in all matters would serve the best interest of all concerned. It is hoped that the government adopts a consultative process with all stakeholders to resolve the genuine concerns. It should also seek continuous feedback of these initiatives through third party evaluations and independent studies so that a robust digital ecosystem in Indian Agriculture can be established that benefits the Indian farmer.

     
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    Series: CSD working paper series
    ICT India working paper ; #68
    Subjects: Landwirtschaft; Landwirtschaftsberatung; Digitale Plattform; Datenbank; Projektbewertung; Indien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  21. Platform architectures
    the structuration of platform companies on the Internet
    Author: Dolata, Ulrich; Schrape, Jan-Felix
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  University of Stuttgart, Institute for Social Sciences Organizational Sociology and Innovation Studies, Stuttgart

    Today's internet is shaped largely by privately operated platforms of various kinds. This paper asks how the various commercially operated communication, market, consumption and service platforms can be grasped as a distinct organizational form of... more

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    Today's internet is shaped largely by privately operated platforms of various kinds. This paper asks how the various commercially operated communication, market, consumption and service platforms can be grasped as a distinct organizational form of enterprise. To this end, we make a basic distinction between (1) the platform-operating companies as organizing and structuring cores whose goal is to run a profitable business, and (2) the platforms belonging to these companies as more or less extensive, rule-based and strongly technically mediated social action spaces. While platform companies are essentially organizations in an almost archetypical sense, the internet platforms they operate constitute socio-technically structured social, market, consumption or service spaces in which social actors interact on the basis of detailed and technically framed rules, albeit, at the same time, in a varied and idiosyncratic manner. The thesis of this paper is that the coordination, control and exploitation mechanisms characteristic of the platform architectures are characterized by a strong hierarchical orientation in which elements of co-optation and the orchestrated participation of users are embedded. In this hybrid constellation, the platform companies have a high degree of structure-giving, rulesetting and controlling power-in addition to exclusive access to the raw data material generated there. While this power may manifest, at times, as rigid control, direct coercion or enforceable accountability, for the majority of rule-obeying users it unfolds nearly imperceptibly and largely silently beneath the surface of a (supposed) openness that likewise characterizes the platforms as technically mediated spaces for social and economic exchange. Das heutige Internet wird durch privatwirtschaftlich betriebene Plattformen der unterschiedlichsten Art geprägt. Dieser Aufsatz fragt danach, wie sich diese verschiedenartigen kommerziellen Kommunikations-, Markt-, Konsum- und Serviceplattformen als distinkte Unternehmensform fassen lassen. Dazu wird eine basale Unterscheidung zwischen (1) den plattformbetreibenden Unternehmen als organisierenden und strukturierenden Kernen und (2) den ihnen gehörenden Plattformen als mehr oder minder ausgreifenden sozialen Handlungsräumen vorgenommen. Während sich Plattformunternehmen als Organisationen in einem geradezu klassischen Sinne darstellen lassen, konstituieren die von ihnen betriebenen Internetplattformen soziotechnisch strukturierte Sozial-, Markt-, Konsum- oder Serviceräume, in denen soziale Akteure zwar auf der Grundlage detailliert ausgestalteter und technisch eingefasster Regeln, aber zugleich variantenreich und eigenwillig interagieren. Die für solche Plattform-Architekturen charakteristischen Koordinations-, Kontroll- und Verwertungsmechanismen zeichnen sich durch eine starke hierarchische Ausrichtung aus, in die Elemente der Kooptation und des orchestrierten Mitwirkens der Nutzer eingelagert sind. Die Plattformunternehmen haben in dieser hybriden Konstellation ein hohes Maß an strukturgebender, regelsetzender und kontrollierender Macht - und verfügen überdies über den exklusiven Zugriff auf das dort produzierte Rohmaterial an Daten. Diese Macht äußert sich in vielen Fällen, aber längst nicht immer als rigide Kontrolle, als direktiver Zwang oder einklagbare Rechenschaftspflicht, sondern entfaltet sich für die große Zahl regel-konformer Nutzer weitgehend geräuschlos unter der Oberfläche einer (vermeintlichen) Offenheit, die die Plattformen als Markt- und Sozialräume auch auszeichnet.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249450
    Series: Research contributions to organizational sociology and innovation studies ; 2022, 01
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Electronic Commerce; Netzwerkökonomik; Organisationsstruktur; Unternehmensorganisation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  22. Designing Quality Certificates
    Insights from eBay
    Author: Hui, Xiang; Jin, Ginger Zhe; Liu, Meng
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Quality certification is a common tool to reduce asymmetric information and enhance trust in marketplaces. Should the certificate focus on seller inputs such as fast shipping, or include output measures such as consumer ratings? In theory,... more

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    Quality certification is a common tool to reduce asymmetric information and enhance trust in marketplaces. Should the certificate focus on seller inputs such as fast shipping, or include output measures such as consumer ratings? In theory, incorporating output measures makes the certificate more relevant for consumer experience, but doing so may discourage seller effort because outputs can be driven by random factors out of seller control. To understand this tradeoff, we study a major redesign of eBay's Top Rated Seller (eTRS) program in 2016, which removed most consumer reports from the eTRS criteria and added direct measures of seller inputs. This change generates immediate selection on certified sellers, and homogenizes the share of certified sellers across product categories of different criticalness in consumer ratings. Post the regime change, sellers improve in the input measures highlighted in the new certificate. These effects are more conspicuous in categories that had less critical consumer ratings, in part because the new algorithm automatically removes the potential negative bias for sellers in critical markets and a clearer threshold motivates sellers to just reach the threshold. The new regime also makes sales more concentrated towards large sellers, especially in the categories that face more critical consumers

     
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29674
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Internet-Auktion; Electronic Commerce; Qualitätsmanagement; Standardisierung; Produktqualität
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  23. The EU Digital Markets Act
    assessing the quality of regulation
    Author: Bauer, Matthias; Erixon, Fredrik; Guinea, Oscar; Van der Marel, Erik; Sharma, Vanika
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE), Brussels, Belgium

    The proposed Digital Markets Act (DMA) is an opportunity to prevent and remedy anti-competitive conduct by large digital platforms. If the Act is designed in an adequate manner to target specific problems, it can improve the contestability of... more

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    The proposed Digital Markets Act (DMA) is an opportunity to prevent and remedy anti-competitive conduct by large digital platforms. If the Act is designed in an adequate manner to target specific problems, it can improve the contestability of platform services markets and markets that rely substantially on digital services. However, the DMA takes a novel approach to regulation, and novelty in concepts and regulatory requirements can lead to outcomes that later have to be corrected. Fortunately, the EU is not alone in experimenting with new regulations that specifically target the market power of large digital platforms. There is a great scope for policymakers to learn from similar frameworks in Europe and the United States. In this study, we compare key parts of the DMA proposal with similar legislation implemented or proposed in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States - in light of established principles for good regulatory design. We analyse the structure and quality of these regulations, not if they go in a certain ideological, political or commercial direction. We find that there are some areas where the EU could learn from other proposals to make the DMA more fit for purpose, and avoid unintended consequences on Europe's economy.

     
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    Series: ECIPE policy brief ; no. 2022, 02
    Subjects: Daten; Digitale Plattform; Online-Handel; Regulierung; IT-Recht; EU-Recht; Vergleich; Deutschland; USA; Digital Markets Act
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  24. Geht digital auch regional?
    Handlungsansätze zur Gestaltung von regionalen digitalen Plattformen
    Author: Ibert, Oliver; Oechslen, Anna; Repenning, Alicia; Schmidt, Suntje
    Published: März 2022
    Publisher:  Leibniz-Institut für Raumbezogene Sozialforschung (IRS), Erkner

    Im Zuge des vielschichtigen und globalen Prozesses der zunehmenden Digitalisierung verknüpfen sich wachsende Hoffnungen im Feld der Stadt- und Regionalpolitik mit regionalen Online-Plattformen. Mit ihnen ist das Versprechen verbunden, das soziale... more

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    Im Zuge des vielschichtigen und globalen Prozesses der zunehmenden Digitalisierung verknüpfen sich wachsende Hoffnungen im Feld der Stadt- und Regionalpolitik mit regionalen Online-Plattformen. Mit ihnen ist das Versprechen verbunden, das soziale Leben zu bereichern, den Zugang zu Dienstleistungen und Informationen zu verbessern und nicht zuletzt auch neue wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen zu unterstützen und zu ermöglichen. Eine räumliche Fokussierung läuft der Logik von Online-Plattformen, deren Stärke es ja gerade ist, Menschen weltweit zu vernetzen, allerdings zuwider. Die Regionalisierung von Online-Plattformen ist mit anderen Worten sehr voraussetzungsvoll. Genau diese komplexen und vielschichtigen Voraussetzungen sollen in diesem Policy Paper adressiert werden und zwar in Form von sechs strategisch bedeutsamen Fragen. Es ist dabei nicht möglich, Handlungsanweisungen in der Logik geradliniger "how-to-dos" zu geben. Vielmehr ist es notwendig, für individuelle Anwendungsfälle, zu einer Vielzahl von Gestaltungsoptionen, eine passfähige Kombination von Alternativen zu finden - oder eben auch nicht zu finden und zu dem Ergebnis zu kommen, dass eine regionale Plattform in dem konkreten Fall wohl nicht "abheben" wird. Genau diesen Prozess soll das vorliegende Policy Paper unterstützen.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251348
    Series: Array ; 2022, 3
    Subjects: Digitalisierung; Digitale Plattform; Kommunalpolitik; Regionalpolitik; Regionalentwicklung; Deutschland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Innovationen in der Plattformökonomie
    Author: Büchel, Jan; Demary, Vera; Engels, Barbara; Graef, Inge; Koppel, Oliver; Rusche, Christian
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI), Berlin

    Digitale Plattformen sind auf vielen Märkten aktiv und spielen deshalb auch bei Innovationen eine entscheidende Rolle. Sie selbst bringen Innovationen hervor, können aber auch bei den Plattformnutzern und anderen Akteuren des Plattformökosystems... more

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    Digitale Plattformen sind auf vielen Märkten aktiv und spielen deshalb auch bei Innovationen eine entscheidende Rolle. Sie selbst bringen Innovationen hervor, können aber auch bei den Plattformnutzern und anderen Akteuren des Plattformökosystems Innovationen incentivieren. Plattformen koordinieren und erleichtern Transaktionen zwischen Plattformnutzern. Dadurch können sie schnell auf veränderte Nachfrage und Angebot reagieren sowie die Anzahl an Transaktionen beliebig skalieren. Außerdem haben Plattformen möglicherweise einen höheren Innovationsdruck als andere Unternehmen, weil sie auf Nutzer in besonderem Maße angewiesen sind. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Plattformen und Innovationen wird in dieser Studie aus ökonomischer und rechtlicher Sicht untersucht. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Typen von Plattformen, die Art der Innovationen im Plattformkontext, die Ziele der Innovationen sowie die Rolle von Regulierung und von Daten eingegangen. Außerdem wird die Entstehung von Innovationen bei Plattformen selbst, ihren Nutzern und im Plattformökosystem analysiert. Drei Fallbeispiele aus dem B2B-Segment ermöglichen einen Blick auf Innovationen in der Plattformökonomie in der Praxis.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251365
    Edition: Stand: Februar 2022
    Series: Studie zum deutschen Innovationssystem ; Nr. 2022, 11
    Subjects: Digitale Plattform; Netzwerkökonomik; Innovation; Regulierung; Wettbewerbspolitik; Deutschland; EU-Staaten; USA; Australien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 186 Seiten), Illustrationen