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Displaying results 1 to 13 of 13.

  1. Essays in macroeconomics with household heterogeneity
    Author: Wöhrmüller, Stefan
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Tinbergen Institute, [Amsterdam]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 11245.1/e7189112-2806-4369-b7da-d393382bdb1f
    Series: Tinbergen Institute research series ; no. 854
    Subjects: Ökonometrie; Privater Haushalt; Konsum; Versicherung; Kredit; Schock; Ökosteuer; Sparen; Engel-Kurve; Umweltökonomik
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 175 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, , Universiteit van Amsterdam$f2024
  2. Carbon Tariffs 101
    Author: Brunel, Claire; Levinson, Arik
    Published: October 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We evaluate the economic and environmental consequences of taxes on imported goods based on their carbon content. The analysis uses the simplest possible partial equilibrium framework, with one small open economy and a global pollution externality.... more

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    We evaluate the economic and environmental consequences of taxes on imported goods based on their carbon content. The analysis uses the simplest possible partial equilibrium framework, with one small open economy and a global pollution externality. It relies on graphs of supply and demand, rather than equations or formulas, hoping to reach readers familiar with basic economics. Despite its simplicity, the framework imparts numerous lessons. (1) Absent a domestic price on carbon, a carbon tariff imposes the same costs on domestic consumers as a domestic carbon price, but a carbon tariff also subsidizes domestic pollution. (2) If one small country imposes a carbon tariff, with or without a domestic carbon tax, the economic incidence of the tariff falls on its consumers. (3) If a holdout country joins the rest of the world by enacting its own carbon regulation and consequently imports more from other countries, those increased imports are not "leakage." They are the cessation of leakage from when the holdout country's policy was lax. And (4) if other countries do not appropriately regulate emissions, no single small country can use a combination of carbon taxes and carbon tariffs to fully correct the problem caused by its consumers or producers

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w33024
    Subjects: Import; Zoll; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Ökosteuer; Zollpolitik; Wirkungsanalyse; Partielles Gleichgewicht; Environmental Economics; Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  3. Taxation alternatives for India’s energy transition ESAM analysis
    Author: Verma, Rajat; Bhandari, Laveesh
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Centre for Social and Economic Progress, New Delhi, India

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: CSEP working paper ; 81 (August 2024)
    Subjects: Energiewende; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Steuereinnahmen; Mineralölsteuer; Ökosteuer; Energiesteuer; Umsatzsteuer; Verteilungswirkung; Indien; 2019-2020
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Voluntary Emission Restraints in Developing Economies
    The Role of Trade Policy
    Author: Caliendo, Lorenzo; Dolabella, Marcelo; Moreira, Mauricio Mesquita; Murillo, Matthew; Parro, Fernando
    Published: May 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study the role of trade policy in one of the most pressing climate policy challenges that developing countries face: meeting voluntary emission restraints (VERs). To do so, we develop a general equilibrium trade model that extends Caliendo and... more

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    We study the role of trade policy in one of the most pressing climate policy challenges that developing countries face: meeting voluntary emission restraints (VERs). To do so, we develop a general equilibrium trade model that extends Caliendo and Parro (2015) in three dimensions. First, we model extractive sectors that feature a continuum of producers with heterogeneous productivity, demanding labor, dirty natural resources, and intermediate goods from all industries. Second, we consider that production generates different amounts of emissions across sectors and countries, and households experience disutility from carbon emissions, modeled as a pure externality as in Shapiro (2021). Third, we model a general set of taxes along the value chain--on production, intermediate and final consumption, and on labor--which allows for different options of carbon taxes and tariffs that impact emissions and other outcomes in general equilibrium. In our quantitative analysis, we focus on two groups of policies: those that are in the traditional realm of trade policy, related to tariff reform and potential emission biases; and those that combine a Pigouvian carbon tax with border adjustments. Our main findings point to a nuanced role of trade policy as a climate policy in developing economies. Although it is effective in mitigating emission leakages, such leakages are small in magnitude, and border adjustment tariffs have collateral effects in terms of trade declines, and in many countries, welfare losses. These findings contrast with the implications of climate policy in large economies, where emission leakages are much more significant and the impact on trade less costly. Our main results also indicate that carbon taxes and tariffs will not be enough for most developing countries to meet their net-zero emission targets dictated by the VERs

     
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  5. Potential implications of the EU's carbon border adjustment mechanism
    Author: Gupta, Anandita; Pandey, Radhika; Sapatnekar, Sanhita
    Published: March 21, 2024
    Publisher:  National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NIPFP working paper series ; no. 408 (21-March-2024)
    Subjects: Emissionshandel; Ökosteuer; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; EU-Umweltrecht; EU-Umweltpolitik; Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  6. The Market and Climate Implications of U.S. LNG Exports
    Author: Stock, James H.; Zaragoza-Watkins, Matthew
    Published: March 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    From 2015 to 2023, the United States transformed from a net importer of natural gas to the world's largest liquified natural gas (LNG) exporter. We find that this surge in LNG exports has reconnected U.S. gas prices to world market prices, after a... more

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    From 2015 to 2023, the United States transformed from a net importer of natural gas to the world's largest liquified natural gas (LNG) exporter. We find that this surge in LNG exports has reconnected U.S. gas prices to world market prices, after a hiatus of "shut-in" fracked gas. We estimate that the domestic gas price effect of this recoupling is comparable to a $30/ton carbon tax. For coal prices, which are coupled to gas through competition in the power sector, this effect is comparable to a $20/ton carbon tax. Using the NREL ReEDS model, we estimate that this recoupling reduces U.S. 2030 power sector CO2 emissions by roughly 145 million metric tons. These domestic estimates contribute to estimating the overall climate impact of LNG exports

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32228
    Subjects: Flüssiggas; Export; Erdgasmarkt; Gaspreis; Ökosteuer; Klimapolitik; USA; Demand and Supply; Prices; Government Policy; Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  7. A stationary equilibrium model of green technology adoption with endogenous carbon price
    Author: Dammann, Felix; Ferrari, Giorgio
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Center for Mathematical Economics (IMW), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

    This paper proposes and analyzes a stationary equilibrium model for a competitive industry which endogenously determines the carbon price necessary to achieve a given emission target. In the model, firms are identified by their level of technology... more

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    This paper proposes and analyzes a stationary equilibrium model for a competitive industry which endogenously determines the carbon price necessary to achieve a given emission target. In the model, firms are identified by their level of technology and make production, entry, and abatement decisions. Polluting firms are subject to a carbon price and abatement is formulated as an irreversible investment, which entails a sunk cost and results in the firms switching to a carbon neutral technology. In equilibrium, we identify a carbon price and a stationary distribution of incumbent, polluting firms, that guarantee the compliance with a certain emission target. Our general theoretical framework is complemented with a case study with Brownian technology shocks, in which we discuss some implications of our model. We observe that a carbon pricing system alongside installation subsidies and tax benefits for green firms trigger earlier investment, while higher income taxes for polluting firms may be distorting. Moreover, we discuss the role of a welfare maximizing regulator, who, by optimally setting the emission target, may mitigate or revert some parameters' effects observed in the model with fixed limit.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/286394
    Series: Working papers / Center for Mathematical Economics ; 688 (February 2024)
    Subjects: Emissionshandel; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Ökosteuer; Umwelttechnik; Innovationsakzeptanz; Stationarität; Gleichgewichtsmodell
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Rückverteilung der Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung
    das Versprechen der Politik endlich einlösen, aber nicht in Form des Klimageldes!
    Author: Frondel, Manuel; Schmidt, Christoph M.
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen

    Die CO2-Bepreisung für fossile Kraft- und Brennstoffe wurde 2021 eingeführt, um deren Verbrauch zum Zwecke des Klimaschutzes zu reduzieren. Um bei steigenden CO2-Preisen eine breite Akzeptanz zu sichern, sollte die Politik diese Einnahmen wieder... more

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    Die CO2-Bepreisung für fossile Kraft- und Brennstoffe wurde 2021 eingeführt, um deren Verbrauch zum Zwecke des Klimaschutzes zu reduzieren. Um bei steigenden CO2-Preisen eine breite Akzeptanz zu sichern, sollte die Politik diese Einnahmen wieder komplett an die Verbraucher zurückgeben. Bislang soll dies in Form jährlicher Pauschalbeträge geschehen. Um die Bevölkerung und die Unternehmen schneller und unkompliziert zu entlasten, sollte die Bundesregierung die Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung, die dem Klima- und Transformationsfonds (KTF) zufließen, besser dafür verwenden, Komponenten des Strompreises zu senken, vor allem die Netzentgelte. Durch die Absenkung der Strompreise würden sowohl die privaten Haushalte als auch Unternehmen, besonders kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU), deutlich entlastet - für Unternehmen entstünden neue Investitionsanreize und die Wirtschaft könnte stärker wachsen. In Zeiten massiver finanzieller Engpässe beim Klima und Transformationsfonds wäre es klug, die knappen Mittel so zu verwenden, dass damit zugleich die Energiewende vorangebracht und die Unternehmen sowie die Bevölkerung entlastet werden. Das würde durch eine Verwendung der KTF-Mittel zur Senkung der Netzentgelte und der zahlreichen Umlagen auf den Strompreis der Fall sein, nicht aber bei Auszahlung eines Klimageldes.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783969732397
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    hdl: 10419/283895
    Series: RWI Position ; #83 (07. Februar 2024)
    Subjects: Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Ökosteuer; Verteilungswirkung; Steuerpolitik; Deutschland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The implications of high energy and carbon prices on firms
    Author: Yakut, Aykut Mert; McArdle, Samuel; De Bruin, Kelly C.
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  The Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin

    Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires undertaking massive investment expenditures, and how to finance these expenditures remains at the core of economic debates. However, the cost of not transitioning to a low-carbon economy is often... more

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    Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires undertaking massive investment expenditures, and how to finance these expenditures remains at the core of economic debates. However, the cost of not transitioning to a low-carbon economy is often forgotten in these debates. These costs have increased under current global geopolitical tensions, especially for imported fossil fuel-dependent countries, such as Ireland. This report aims to quantify the cost of decarbonisation inaction. What costs will Irish firms face if they continue with their current energy use patterns when the carbon tax (set by the Irish government) and the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) price (determined by the market conditions at the EU level) are increasing while at the same time, international energy prices are at their extremely high levels?

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/298381
    Series: ESRI research series ; number 179
    Subjects: Ökosteuer; Emissionshandel; Strompreis; Energiekonsum; Wirkungsanalyse; Unternehmenserfolg; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Szenariotechnik; EU-Staaten; Irland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Bridging the divide
    assessing the viability of international cooperation on border carbon adjustments
    Author: Mehling, Michael; Asselt, Harro van; Dröge, Susanne; Das, Kasturi; Hall, Catherine
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

    International cooperation on climate change and trade is intensifying, as highlighted by numerous initiatives launched at the multilateral, plurilateral, and bilateral levels. This is an encouraging development, signaling the major role of trade... more

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    International cooperation on climate change and trade is intensifying, as highlighted by numerous initiatives launched at the multilateral, plurilateral, and bilateral levels. This is an encouraging development, signaling the major role of trade policy in supporting decarbonization efforts and facilitating adaptation to climate change. Yet, at the same time, many of these initiatives eschew one of the most contested issues at the interface of trade and climate policies: Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs). Europe's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is unlikely to be the last or only BCA, with various jurisdictions contemplating similar measures as they adopt increasingly ambitious climate change mitigation policies and pursue other policy objectives, such as improved national security or industrial policy. With many jurisdictions pursuing their own BCA designs and implementation strategies, however, comes an increased risk of uncoordinated proliferation of divergent approaches, which in turn can translate into greater uncertainty, higher transaction and administrative costs, and detrimental repercussions for international cooperation, including climate diplomacy. This Working Paper argues the case for international cooperation on or relating to BCAs, and assesses the prospects for such cooperation. It applies an analytical framework that examines both the "input legitimacy" and "output legitimacy" of international cooperative initiatives, focusing on three emerging models of cooperation relating to BCAs, namely the G7 Climate Club, the transatlantic talks on a Global Arrangement on Sustainable Steel and Aluminum (GASSA), and the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) launched by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: Working paper series / MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research ; 2024, 06 (April 2024)
    Subjects: Internationales Umweltrecht; Ökosteuer; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Internationale Zusammenarbeit; Internationale Umweltpolitik; Welt; Border Carbon Adjustments; Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
  11. Is Broader Always Better? Preexisting Distortions, Emissions Elasticities, and the Scope of Emissions Pricing
    Author: Goulder, Lawrence H.; Hafstead, Marc A. C.; Williams, Roberton C.
    Published: September 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Economists often regard broad-based carbon pricing (whether in the form of a carbon tax or cap and trade) as the most efficient policy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Relative to a narrower policy that exempts some emissions sources, a broader... more

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    Economists often regard broad-based carbon pricing (whether in the form of a carbon tax or cap and trade) as the most efficient policy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Relative to a narrower policy that exempts some emissions sources, a broader policy is often favored because it can exploit more low-cost emissions reduction opportunities and cause less emissions leakage to uncovered sources. Yet narrower approaches have gained considerable political support, partly because they avoid price increases for outputs (such as gasoline) regarded as especially critical to household budgets. Some analysts might lament any departure from broad carbon pricing, citing efficiency costs. This paper offers theory and numerical simulations revealing that such a shift need not sacrifice efficiency. This result reflects differences across sectors in distortions from preexisting taxes and in the elasticity of emissions with respect to the carbon price. Our analytical model reveals that a narrower policy that exploits these differences can be more cost-effective than a policy with a broad, economy-wide tax base. Our numerical model of the US economy compares quantitatively the effects of an economy-wide carbon price with those of several narrower policies, including one that applies only to the power sector, one that exempts gasoline, and one that exempts energy-intensive trade-exposed industries. We compare policies under alternative specifications for policy stringency and find that the broader policy always becomes more cost-effective at sufficiently high stringency

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32915
    Subjects: Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Emissionshandel; Ökosteuer; Umweltpolitik; Theorie; USA; Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models; Externalities; Efficiency; Optimal Taxation; Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies; Government Policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  12. Carbon VIX
    Carbon Price Uncertainty and Decarbonization Investments
    Author: Fuchs, Maximilian; Stroebel, Johannes; Terstegge, Julian
    Published: September 2024
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study the effects of carbon price uncertainty on firms' decisions to decarbonize their operations. We first use information on the pricing of options on emission allowances in the European Emissions Trading System to create the Carbon VIX, a ... more

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    We study the effects of carbon price uncertainty on firms' decisions to decarbonize their operations. We first use information on the pricing of options on emission allowances in the European Emissions Trading System to create the Carbon VIX, a market-based high-frequency measure of carbon price uncertainty. Carbon price uncertainty is high, varies substantially over time, and experiences persistent shocks around major climate policy events. To explore the effects of carbon price uncertainty on expected aggregate decarbonization investments, we analyze its effect on the stock returns of firms that help other businesses decarbonize. To identify these "carbon solution providers," we extract common types of decarbonization investments from a large survey of firms, and then identify companies that offer the associated goods and services. We find that the stock returns of these carbon solution providers vary positively with carbon prices, but negatively with carbon price uncertainty. The effect of increases in carbon price uncertainty on our proxy for expected decarbonization investments is economically large and of similar magnitude as the effect of declines in carbon prices. These findings support predictions from real options theory that firms may delay investments in decarbonization when faced with uncertainty about the future costs of emissions

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w32937
    Subjects: Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Emissionshandel; Ökosteuer; Volatilität; EU-Staaten; General
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  13. Enabling net-zero shipping
    an expert review-based agenda for emerging techno-economic and policy research
    Author: Govindan, Kannan; Dua, Rubal; Anwar, AHM Mehbub; Bansal, Prateek
    Published: October 2024
    Publisher:  King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, [Riyadh, Saudi Arabia]

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    Series: Discussion paper / King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center ; [2024, dp46]
    Subjects: Frachtschifffahrt; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Ökosteuer; Emissionshandel; Klimaneutralität; Welt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
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