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  1. Climate and carbon
    aligning prices and policies
    Published: 09 Oct 2013
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    The international community has agreed to limit the average global temperature increase to no more than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels. This will require a gradual phase-out of fossil fuel emissions by the second half of this century. This report... more

    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    The international community has agreed to limit the average global temperature increase to no more than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels. This will require a gradual phase-out of fossil fuel emissions by the second half of this century. This report brings together lessons learned from OECD analysis on carbon pricing and climate policies. It recommends that governments ensure coherent policies surrounding the gradual phase-out of fossil fuel emissions and consistent signals to consumers, producers and investors alike. A key component of this approach is putting an explicit price on every tonne of CO2 emitted. Explicit pricing instruments, however, may not cover all sources of emissions and will often need to be complemented by other policies that effectively put an implicit price on emissions. But the policies must be mutually supportive and as cost-effective as possible, both on their own and as a package. In addition, tax exemptions and fossil-fuel subsidies that undermine the transition towards zero carbon solutions must be reformed. Finally, the report highlights the issues of competitiveness, distributional impacts and communication as key elements in implementing climate policy reform.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    OECD (VerfasserIn)
    Series: OECD environment policy paper ; no. 01 (October 2013)
    OECD Environment Policy Papers ; no.1
    Subjects: Klimawandel; Ökosteuer; Umweltpolitik; OECD-Staaten; Environment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The Swedish tax on nitrogen oxide emissions
    lessons in environmental policy reform
    Published: 24 Dec 2013
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Sweden was facing a serious soil acidification and water eutrophication problem caused partly by emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion processes in transport, industry and power. In 1992, Sweden introduced a high tax on NOx emissions... more

    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Sweden was facing a serious soil acidification and water eutrophication problem caused partly by emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion processes in transport, industry and power. In 1992, Sweden introduced a high tax on NOx emissions from large combustion sources (e.g. power plants, industrial plants, waste incinerators). The tax was accompanied by a refund according to the amount of energy generated. This ensures that facilities with low NOx emission intensitites are net beneficiaries of the scheme. Continuous monitoring of emissions was also made mandatory. The tax was designed to accelerate and stimulate investment in advanced combustion and pollution-abatement technologies and as a supplement to existing regulatory measures.

     

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    OECD (VerfasserIn)
    Series: OECD environment policy paper ; no. 02 (December 2013)
    OECD Environment Policy Papers ; no.2
    Subjects: Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Ökosteuer; Umweltpolitik; Schweden; Environment; Taxation; Sweden
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Israel's green tax on cars
    lessons in environmental policy reform
    Published: 19 July 2016
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    In recent decades, Israel’s growing population and rising incomes have seen consumption increase substantially, bringing with it considerable pressure on the environment. One of the main environmental pressures is from the ever-increasing transport... more

    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    In recent decades, Israel’s growing population and rising incomes have seen consumption increase substantially, bringing with it considerable pressure on the environment. One of the main environmental pressures is from the ever-increasing transport activity, especially the use of private vehicles. Although travelling in a private vehicle brings benefits to the individual using it, this entails costs to society as a whole. These social costs extend beyond the private costs of the car and the fuel borne by the car user, imposing a burden on public health and the environment. Transport involves noise, local air pollution, and contributes to climate change, congestion, accidents, and wear and tear to infrastructure. All these negatively affect public health and quality of life in general, a fact not taken into account when an individual chooses whether or not to buy a car. This is known as a “market failure”, because the price of a car does not fully reflect the social costs of using it. Governments can correct market failures like these through policies that ensure that the actual costs to society are incorporated within the price of a car, thus influencing consumers’ purchases. This paper describes how Israel developed an innovative scheme to encourage consumers to choose less polluting cars. The Green Tax scheme targets reductions in all polluting vehicle emissions, not only carbon dioxide (CO2). The paper outlines the design process, reflects on the challenges encountered and the environmental, economic and social impacts. It concludes by discussing the wider lessons that are raised for other governments seeking to tackle similar environmental problems.

     

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    Series: OECD environment policy paper ; no. 05 (July 2016)
    OECD Environment Policy Papers ; no.5
    Subjects: Ökosteuer; Kraftfahrzeug; Umweltpolitik; Israel; Environment; Israel
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Climate and carbon
    aligning prices and policies
    Published: 09 Oct 2013
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    The international community has agreed to limit the average global temperature increase to no more than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels. This will require a gradual phase-out of fossil fuel emissions by the second half of this century. This report... more

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    The international community has agreed to limit the average global temperature increase to no more than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels. This will require a gradual phase-out of fossil fuel emissions by the second half of this century. This report brings together lessons learned from OECD analysis on carbon pricing and climate policies. It recommends that governments ensure coherent policies surrounding the gradual phase-out of fossil fuel emissions and consistent signals to consumers, producers and investors alike. A key component of this approach is putting an explicit price on every tonne of CO2 emitted. Explicit pricing instruments, however, may not cover all sources of emissions and will often need to be complemented by other policies that effectively put an implicit price on emissions. But the policies must be mutually supportive and as cost-effective as possible, both on their own and as a package. In addition, tax exemptions and fossil-fuel subsidies that undermine the transition towards zero carbon solutions must be reformed. Finally, the report highlights the issues of competitiveness, distributional impacts and communication as key elements in implementing climate policy reform.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Corporations / Congresses:
    OECD (VerfasserIn)
    Series: OECD environment policy paper ; no. 01 (October 2013)
    OECD Environment Policy Papers ; no.1
    Subjects: Klimawandel; Ökosteuer; Umweltpolitik; OECD-Staaten; Environment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The Swedish tax on nitrogen oxide emissions
    lessons in environmental policy reform
    Published: 24 Dec 2013
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Sweden was facing a serious soil acidification and water eutrophication problem caused partly by emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion processes in transport, industry and power. In 1992, Sweden introduced a high tax on NOx emissions... more

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    Sweden was facing a serious soil acidification and water eutrophication problem caused partly by emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion processes in transport, industry and power. In 1992, Sweden introduced a high tax on NOx emissions from large combustion sources (e.g. power plants, industrial plants, waste incinerators). The tax was accompanied by a refund according to the amount of energy generated. This ensures that facilities with low NOx emission intensitites are net beneficiaries of the scheme. Continuous monitoring of emissions was also made mandatory. The tax was designed to accelerate and stimulate investment in advanced combustion and pollution-abatement technologies and as a supplement to existing regulatory measures.

     

    Export to reference management software   RIS file
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Corporations / Congresses:
    OECD (VerfasserIn)
    Series: OECD environment policy paper ; no. 02 (December 2013)
    OECD Environment Policy Papers ; no.2
    Subjects: Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Ökosteuer; Umweltpolitik; Schweden; Environment; Taxation; Sweden
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Israel's green tax on cars
    lessons in environmental policy reform
    Published: 19 July 2016
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    In recent decades, Israel’s growing population and rising incomes have seen consumption increase substantially, bringing with it considerable pressure on the environment. One of the main environmental pressures is from the ever-increasing transport... more

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    In recent decades, Israel’s growing population and rising incomes have seen consumption increase substantially, bringing with it considerable pressure on the environment. One of the main environmental pressures is from the ever-increasing transport activity, especially the use of private vehicles. Although travelling in a private vehicle brings benefits to the individual using it, this entails costs to society as a whole. These social costs extend beyond the private costs of the car and the fuel borne by the car user, imposing a burden on public health and the environment. Transport involves noise, local air pollution, and contributes to climate change, congestion, accidents, and wear and tear to infrastructure. All these negatively affect public health and quality of life in general, a fact not taken into account when an individual chooses whether or not to buy a car. This is known as a “market failure”, because the price of a car does not fully reflect the social costs of using it. Governments can correct market failures like these through policies that ensure that the actual costs to society are incorporated within the price of a car, thus influencing consumers’ purchases. This paper describes how Israel developed an innovative scheme to encourage consumers to choose less polluting cars. The Green Tax scheme targets reductions in all polluting vehicle emissions, not only carbon dioxide (CO2). The paper outlines the design process, reflects on the challenges encountered and the environmental, economic and social impacts. It concludes by discussing the wider lessons that are raised for other governments seeking to tackle similar environmental problems.

     

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    Content information
    Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Corporations / Congresses:
    OECD (VerfasserIn)
    Series: OECD environment policy paper ; no. 05 (July 2016)
    OECD Environment Policy Papers ; no.5
    Subjects: Ökosteuer; Kraftfahrzeug; Umweltpolitik; Israel; Environment; Israel
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen