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  1. Strengthening the global financial safety net
    moving relations between the IMF and regional financing arrangements forward
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Since the global financial crisis, the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN), traditionally consisting mainly of countries' own foreign exchange reserves with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) acting as a backstop, has expanded significantly with... more

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    Since the global financial crisis, the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN), traditionally consisting mainly of countries' own foreign exchange reserves with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) acting as a backstop, has expanded significantly with the continued accumulation of reserves, the sharp increase of swap lines between central banks, and the further development and creation of new Regional Financing Arrangements (RFAs). RFAs have expanded, reaching an aggregate size comparable to that of the IMF and becoming an integral layer of the safety net. Enhancing the cooperation between the IMF and RFAs so that they play complementary roles in case of global distress, becomes critical in order to further strengthen the multi-layered GFSN, while paying attention to issues such as moral hazard, stigma or exit strategies in connection with IMF-RFA cooperation. This paper presents recent experience and lessons learned in IMF-RFA cooperation and proposes how to improve their future interaction.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789289933667
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/192955
    Corporations / Congresses:
    IRC Task Force on IMF Issues (VerfasserIn)
    Series: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 207 (March 2018)
    Subjects: International Monetary Fund; regional finances; central bank; international finance; international agreement; financial agreement; Global Financial Safety Net; Regional Financing Arrangements; International Monetary Fund; moral hazard; stigma; exit strategies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Tax compliance in India
    an experimental approach
    Published: 02-Nov-2017
    Publisher:  National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / National Institute of Public Finance and Policy ; no. 207
    Subjects: tax compliance; laboratory experiment; audit probability; tax rate; penalty; exemption threshold; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten)
  3. Social image concerns and welfare take-up
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    Using a laboratory experiment, we present first evidence that social image concerns causally reduce the take-up of an individually beneficial transfer. Our design manipulates the informativeness of the take-up decision by varying whether transfer... more

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    Using a laboratory experiment, we present first evidence that social image concerns causally reduce the take-up of an individually beneficial transfer. Our design manipulates the informativeness of the take-up decision by varying whether transfer eligibility is based on ability or luck, and how the transfer is financed. We find that subjects avoid the inference both of being low-skilled (ability stigma) and of being willing to live off others (free-rider stigma). Using a placebo treatment, we exclude other explanations for the observed stigma effects. Although stigma reduces take-up, elicitation of political preferences reveals that only a minority of "taxpayers" vote for the public transfer.

     

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/182223
    Series: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1752
    Subjects: stigma; signaling; redistribution; non take-up; welfare program
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Can destigmatizing mental health increase willingness to seek help?
    experimental evidence from Nepal
    Published: July 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We conducted a randomized control trial to study the impact of two information messages aimed at reducing the stigma associated with mental illness on the willingness to seek mental healthcare among adults in Nepal. The first intervention shares... more

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    We conducted a randomized control trial to study the impact of two information messages aimed at reducing the stigma associated with mental illness on the willingness to seek mental healthcare among adults in Nepal. The first intervention shares information about the prevalence of mental health issues and the efficacy of treatment. The second intervention shares information about the mental health struggles of a Nepali celebrity and how he benefited from treatment. We find three results. First, compared to a no-information control group, both interventions increase participants' stated willingness to seek mental health treatment. This effect is driven by participants with high personal and anticipated stigma, less severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, and who hold strong beliefs about conformity to masculinity. Second, the impact on participants' stated willingness to seek mental health treatment mirrors their willingness to pay for counseling. Third, participants are, on average, more likely to report willingness to seek help when the enumerator is female.

     

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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17166
    Subjects: mental health; stigma; prejudice; seeking help; celebrity; Nepal
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten)
  5. Can destigmatizing mental health increase willingness to seek help?
    experimental evidence from Nepal

    We conducted a randomized control trial to study the impact of two information messages aimed at reducing the stigma associated with mental illness on the willingness to seek mental healthcare among adults in Nepal. The first intervention shares... more

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    We conducted a randomized control trial to study the impact of two information messages aimed at reducing the stigma associated with mental illness on the willingness to seek mental healthcare among adults in Nepal. The first intervention shares information about the prevalence of mental health issues and the efficacy of treatment. The second intervention shares information about the mental health struggles of a Nepali celebrity and how he benefited from treatment. We find three results. First, compared to a no-information control group, both interventions increase participants' stated willingness to seek mental health treatment. This effect is driven by participants with high personal and anticipated stigma, less severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, and who hold strong beliefs about conformity to masculinity. Second, the impact on participants' stated willingness to seek mental health treatment mirrors their willingness to pay for counseling. Third, participants are, on average, more likely to report willingness to seek help when the enumerator is female.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/302726
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 11241 (2024)
    Subjects: mental health; stigma; prejudice; seeking help; celebrity; Nepal
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten)
  6. Discount window stigma after the global financial crisis
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of New York, [New York, NY]

    We study Discount Window (DW) stigma, the reluctance to access the Federal Reserve's lender-of-last-resort facility, between 2014 and 2024. Despite increased usage since 2020, we find conclusive evidence that the DW is stigmatized, especially among... more

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    We study Discount Window (DW) stigma, the reluctance to access the Federal Reserve's lender-of-last-resort facility, between 2014 and 2024. Despite increased usage since 2020, we find conclusive evidence that the DW is stigmatized, especially among smaller banks and when financial markets experience disruptions. In particular, evidence of DW stigma emerged months before the 2023 banking turmoil and had not subsided a year later. We also identify new determinants and consequences of DW stigma. The implications of these results for the provision of emergency liquidity are discussed.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York ; no. 1137 (November 2024)
    Subjects: discount window; lender of last resort; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The motive matters
    experimental evidence on the expressive function of punishment
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  [Monash University, Monash Business School, Department of Economics], [Clayton]

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    Series: Discussion paper / Monash University, Department of Economics ; no. 2024, 09
    Subjects: punishment; norms; stigma; crowd out; expressive function of punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Norm-signalling punishment
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, [Aarhus]

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: Economics working papers ; 2022, 07
    Subjects: punishment; norms; stigma; crowd out; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Charity as income redistribution
    a model with optimal taxation, status, and social stigma
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Department of Public Economics, University of Graz, [Graz]

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    Series: Graz economics papers ; GEP 2019, 11
    Subjects: Conspicuous consumption; conspicuous charitable giving; social status; optimal income taxation; warm glow; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten)
  10. Charity as income redistribution
    a model with optimal taxation, status, and social stigma
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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    Series: Umeå economic studies ; 961
    Subjects: Conspicuous consumption; conspicuous charitable giving; social status; optimal income taxation; warm glow; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten)
  11. Market category dynamics and status re-positioning
    Published: May 2017

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    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
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    Subjects: market categories; category dynamics; status dynamics; professionalization; scientization; stigma; Australian wine; authenticity; qualitative research
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 211 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Dissertation, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, 2017

  12. Gender-specific duration of parental leave and current earnings
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Although male employees are increasingly making use of parental leave, gender differences in both usage and duration of parental leave are still prevalent. In this contribution, we explore the role of gender for the relation between the... more

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    Although male employees are increasingly making use of parental leave, gender differences in both usage and duration of parental leave are still prevalent. In this contribution, we explore the role of gender for the relation between the incidence/duration of parental leave and earnings after returning to a job. We use data on middle managers in the German chemical industry and show that parental leave pay gaps are much more severe for males than they are for females.

     

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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13216
    Subjects: compensation; gender; parental leave; stigma; wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Demand for safe spaces
    avoiding harassment and stigma
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Impact Evaluation Group, [Washington, DC, USA]

    What are the costs to women of harassment on public transit? This study randomizes the price of a women-reserved "safe space" in Rio de Janeiro and crowdsource information on 22,000 rides. Women in the public space experience harassment once a week.... more

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    What are the costs to women of harassment on public transit? This study randomizes the price of a women-reserved "safe space" in Rio de Janeiro and crowdsource information on 22,000 rides. Women in the public space experience harassment once a week. A fifth of riders are willing to forgo 20 percent of the fare to ride in the "safe space". Randomly assigning riders to the "safe space" reduces physical harassment by 50 percent, implying a cost of

     

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9269
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: sexual harassment; gender; public transit; mobility; revealed preferences; Implicit Association Test; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Stigma and misconceptions in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: a field experiment in India
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A hidden cost of the COVID-19 pandemic is the stigma associated with the disease for those infected and groups that are considered as more likely to be infected. This paper examines whether the provision of accurate and focused information about... more

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    A hidden cost of the COVID-19 pandemic is the stigma associated with the disease for those infected and groups that are considered as more likely to be infected. This paper examines whether the provision of accurate and focused information about COVID-19 from a reliable source can reduce stigmatization. We carry out a randomized field experiment in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, in which we provide an information brief about COVID-19 by phone to a random subsample of participants to address stigma and misconceptions. We find that the information brief decreases stigmatization of COVID-19 patients and certain groups such as religious minorities, lower-caste groups, and frontline workers (healthcare, police), and reduces the belief that infection cases are more prevalent among certain marginalized social and economic groups (Muslims, low caste, rural-poor population). We provide suggestive evidence that improved knowledge about the prevention and transmission of COVID-19 and reduced stress about the disease are important channels for these effects.

     

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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232747
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13995
    Subjects: stigma; COVID-19; misconceptions; information; experiment; infodemics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Replicator evolution of welfare stigma
    welfare fraud vs. incomplete take-up
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    There are two important problems in welfare benefit programs: the prevalence of welfare fraud, in which ineligible people receive welfare benefits, and incomplete take-up, whereby eligible poor people are reluctant to claim welfare benefits. This... more

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    There are two important problems in welfare benefit programs: the prevalence of welfare fraud, in which ineligible people receive welfare benefits, and incomplete take-up, whereby eligible poor people are reluctant to claim welfare benefits. This study investigates both of these opposing phenomena using simple replicator models of statistical discrimination and the tax-payer resentment view welfare stigma suggested by Besley and Coate (1992). We find multiple stable equilibria in the long run, one of which entails low welfare fraud and 100% incomplete take-up and the other of which entails high welfare fraud and complete take-up in either model, and, moreover, that an interior stationary equilibrium that allows for the coexistence of welfare fraud and incomplete take-up is unstable in the model of statistical discrimination view welfare stigma, but it is stable in the model of the tax-payer resentment view welfare stigma. This difference arises from the different nature of stigma cost functions in these two models.

     

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/226323
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8621 (2020)
    Subjects: stigma; replicator dynamics; incomplete take-up; welfare fraud; non-take-up
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Laws and norms with (un)observable actions
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  Centre de recherche sur les risques les enjeux économiques et les politiques publiques, [Québec]

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    Series: [Cahier de recherche] / Centre de recherche sur les risques les enjeux économiques et les politiques publiques ; 2020, 14
    Subjects: Norms; social concerns; reputation; esteem; stigma; signaling; regulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Charity as income redistribution
    a model with optimal taxation, status, and social stigma
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 2077/61855
    Series: Working paper in economics ; no. 775
    Subjects: Conspicuous consumption; conspicuous charitable giving; social status; optimal income taxation; warm glow; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten)
  18. Impact of legislation for infectious disease control
    evidence from HIV testing in Mali
    Author: Kudo, Yuya
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    Series: IDE discussion paper ; no. 839
    Subjects: Communicable diseases; HIV criminalization; public health; stigma; voluntary testing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. What does job applicants' body art signal to employers?
    Published: July 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In this study, we present a state-of-the-art scenario experiment which, for the first time in the literature, directly measures the stigma surrounding job candidates with tattoos and piercings using real recruiters. We find that job candidates with... more

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    In this study, we present a state-of-the-art scenario experiment which, for the first time in the literature, directly measures the stigma surrounding job candidates with tattoos and piercings using real recruiters. We find that job candidates with body art are perceived as less pleasant to work with, less honest, less emotionally stable, less agreeable, less conscientious and less manageable. This goes hand in hand with lower hireability for men with body art but not for women. Compared to candidates who reveal obesity, a characteristic we also randomise, those with body art score better overall in terms of hireability and rated personality, similar in terms of rated taste to collaborate but worse in terms of rated direct productivity drivers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/279009
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16311
    Subjects: body art; obesity; stigma; personality; hiring; taste discrimination; statistical discrimination
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Can Discount Window stigma be cured?
    an experimental investigation
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of New York, [New York, NY]

    A core responsibility of a central bank is to ensure financial stability by acting as the "lender of last resort" through its Discount Window. The Discount Window, however, has not been effective because its usage is stigmatized. In this paper, we... more

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    DS 207
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    A core responsibility of a central bank is to ensure financial stability by acting as the "lender of last resort" through its Discount Window. The Discount Window, however, has not been effective because its usage is stigmatized. In this paper, we study experimentally how such stigma can be cured. We find that, once a Discount Window facility is stigmatized, removing stigma is difficult. This result is consistent with the Federal Reserve's experiences which have been unsuccessful at removing the stigma associated with its Discount Window.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/300493
    Series: Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York ; no. 1103 (May 2024)
    Subjects: lender of last resort; discount window; stigma; laboratory experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The lives of intersex people
    socio-economic and health disparities in Mexico
    Published: June 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper reports socio-economic and health outcomes for intersex people in Mexico using data collected between 2021 and 2022. This is the first study relying on a large nationally representative survey including information on sex variations to... more

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    This paper reports socio-economic and health outcomes for intersex people in Mexico using data collected between 2021 and 2022. This is the first study relying on a large nationally representative survey including information on sex variations to document substantial negative outcomes for intersex individuals. Around 1.6% of individuals aged 15-64 are intersex. There are significant disparities in mental, physical, and sexual health when comparing intersex individuals to the general population, including higher rates of bullying, stigmatization, harassment, and violence throughout the life cycle, as well as higher rates of suicidal intention. Additionally, intersex individuals have lower education levels and face substantial barriers in the workplace and healthcare environments.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/300963
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17067
    Subjects: intersex; stigma; suicide; Mexico; LGBTQ+
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Sex workers, stigma and self-image
    evidence from Kolkata brothels
    Published: February 2020
    Publisher:  Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CSAE working paper ; WPS/2020, 2
    Subjects: stigma; self-image; savings; public health; HIV prevention; gender; sex workers,India
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (116 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. An Arab, an Asian, and a Black guy walk into a job interview
    ethnic stigma in hiring after controlling for social class
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Over the last decades, researchers have found compelling evidence of hiring discrimination toward ethnic minorities based on field experiments using fictitious job applications. Despite increasing efforts to discover why ethnic minorities experience... more

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    Over the last decades, researchers have found compelling evidence of hiring discrimination toward ethnic minorities based on field experiments using fictitious job applications. Despite increasing efforts to discover why ethnic minorities experience hiring penalties, the academic world has not yet found a satisfying answer. With this study, we aim to close this gap in the literature by conducting a state-of-the-art scenario experiment with genuine American recruiters. In the experiment, we ask recruiters to assess fictitious job applicants of various race-ethnicities but consistent social class. The applicants are rated on 22 statements related to the dominant explanations for ethnic discrimination in hiring that the models of taste-based and statistical discrimination have offered. We find that different race-ethnicity groups are evaluated rather similarly, except for Asian Americans, who are perceived to have better intellectual abilities and organizational skills and to be more ambitious, motivated, efficient, and open. These results suggest that the hiring discrimination found in previous experimental research might be overestimated because part of the reported hiring penalty may be attributed to aspects other than race-ethnicity.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267444
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15707
    Subjects: hiring; ethnic discrimination; statistical discrimination; social class; stigma
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten)
  24. Male femininities
    Contributor: Berkowitz, Dana (HerausgeberIn); Windsor, Elroi J. (HerausgeberIn); Han, C. Winter (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  New York University Press, New York

    Innovative essays that explore how men perform femininity and what femininity looks like without womenWhat counts as “male femininity”? Is it simply men behaving in effeminate ways or is it the absence of masculinity? Male Femininities presents a... more

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    Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig, Bibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
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    Innovative essays that explore how men perform femininity and what femininity looks like without womenWhat counts as “male femininity”? Is it simply men behaving in effeminate ways or is it the absence of masculinity? Male Femininities presents a nuanced, critical collection of essays that highlight the extent to which male femininities are neither an imitation of femaleness nor an emptying of masculinity. These innovative essays focus on both gay and straight men, and transmasculine and genderqueer people in their construction and performance of femininity, thereby revealing the possibilities that open up when we critically examine femininity without women. Male Femininities asks, What does femininity look like for men?The contributors—highly regarded scholars and rising stars—cover a range of topics, including drag queens, cosmetic enhancements, trans fertility, and gender-non-conforming childhoods. Male Femininities illuminates what happens when we decouple femininity from female bodies and how even the smallest cracks and fissures in the normative order can disrupt, challenge, and in some cases reaffirm our existing sex-gender regime. This volume pluralizes the concept of male femininities and leads readers through an exploration of how gender, sex, and sexuality are manifested in the United States today

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Berkowitz, Dana (HerausgeberIn); Windsor, Elroi J. (HerausgeberIn); Han, C. Winter (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781479870585
    Other identifier:
    RVK Categories: EC 1876
    Subjects: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies
    Other subjects: Asian; Black; Botox; Brotox; Carnival; Feminine Men; Foucault; Glass Closet; Harry Hay; Latinx Queers; Mardi Gras; New Age religion; Peter Hennen; Racism; Steven Dansky; The Effeminist Manifesto; Transgender children; Transgender; advertisements; agency; aging; autoethnography; bodies; bodily change; body modification; body work; capitalism; civil rights; comic; coming out; cosmetic enhancements; discursive masculinity; disidentification; drag; embodiment; failed citizenship; family; feminism; fitness; formations; gay men; gender expansive children; gender expansiveness; gender expression; gender norms; gender performance; gender socialization; gendered homophobia; heterosexuality; indigenous; intimacies; labor; love; male femininities; manhood; manifesto; memoir; men and body work; men; multiple masculinities; patriarchy; performativity; political economy; polyamory; pregnant men; queer aboriginal; queer indigenous; queer relationships; radical cheerleading; radical faeries; relationships; sexism; sexual positioning; shame; spirituality; stigma; trans indigenous; transmasculine; two-spirit; wellness; whiteness; Femininity; Halberstam; body technology; effeminacy; gender binary; gender inequality; gender revolution; gender; health; hegemonic masculinity; heteronormativity; homosexuality; male femininity; male pregnancy; queer theory; queer; sexualities; social constructionism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
  25. Norm-signalling punishment
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [Monash University, Monash Business School, Department of Economics], [Clayton]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Monash University, Department of Economics ; no. 2022, 26
    Subjects: punishment; norms; stigma; crowd out; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen