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  1. Robots 1:1
    a selction of 148 robots and astronauts from the R. F. Collection portrayed in their actuel size
    Contributor: Fehlbaum, Rolf (Publisher)
    Published: [2018]; © 2018
    Publisher:  Vitra Design Museum, Weil am Rhein

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    Contributor: Fehlbaum, Rolf (Publisher)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    ISBN: 9783945852279; 3945852277
    Other identifier:
    9783945852279
    RVK Categories: AP 99550 ; LH 79277
    DDC Categories: 740
    Edition: Numbered editon of 1000 books
    Subjects: Spielzeug; Sammlung; Roboter <Motiv>
    Other subjects: Fehlbaum, Rolf (1941-); Fehlbaum; Roboter; Vitra; robots
    Scope: 273 Seiten, 3 ungezählte Seiten, 252 Illustrationen, 48 cm x 32 cm, 7 g
    Notes:

    The 148 robot and astronaut figures were factured in the period between 1937 and 1973, mainly in Japan
  2. Optimal taxation of robots
    Author: Thuemmel, Uwe
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich

    I study the optimal taxation of robots and labor income. In the model, robots substitute for routine labor and complement non-routine labor. I show that while it is optimal to distort robot adoption, robots may be either taxed or subsidized. The... more

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    I study the optimal taxation of robots and labor income. In the model, robots substitute for routine labor and complement non-routine labor. I show that while it is optimal to distort robot adoption, robots may be either taxed or subsidized. The robot tax exploits general-equilibrium effects to compress the wage distribution. Wage compression reduces income-tax distortions of labor supply, thereby raising welfare. In the calibrated model, the optimal robot tax for the US is positive and generates small welfare gains. As the price of robots falls, inequality rises but the robot tax and its welfare impact become negligible.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/185515
    Series: Array ; no. 7317
    Subjects: optimal taxation; input taxation; production efficiency; technological change; robots; inequality; general equilibrium; multidimensional heterogeneity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Robots, job characteristics and job insecurity
    Author: Coupé, Tom
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business, University of Canterbury ; no. 2018, 5
    Subjects: Job insecurity; robots; computers; technology; skills
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  4. Is an army of robots marching on Chinese jobs?
    Author: Giuntella, Osea; Wang, Tianyi
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A handful of studies have investigated the effects of robots on workers in advanced economies. According to a recent report from the World Bank (2016), 1.8 billion jobs in developing countries are susceptible to automation. Given the inability of... more

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    A handful of studies have investigated the effects of robots on workers in advanced economies. According to a recent report from the World Bank (2016), 1.8 billion jobs in developing countries are susceptible to automation. Given the inability of labor markets to adjust to rapid changes, there is a growing concern that the effect of automation and robotization in emerging economies may increase inequality and social unrest. Yet, we still know very little about the impact of robots in developing countries. In this paper we analyze the effects of exposure to industrial robots in the Chinese labor market. Using aggregate data from Chinese prefectural cities (2000-2016) and individual longitudinal data from China, we find a large negative impact of robot exposure on employment and wages of Chinese workers. Effects are concentrated in the state-owned sector and are larger among low-skilled, male, and prime-age and older workers. Furthermore, we find evidence that exposure to robots affected internal mobility and increased the number of labor-related strikes and protests.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/196779
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12281
    Subjects: emerging economies; labor markets; robots
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Robots, tasks and trade
    Author: Artuc, Erhan; Bastos, Paulo; Rijkers, Bob
    Published: December 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, DC, USA

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8674
    Subjects: Automation; robots; tasks; jobs; wages; trade; intermediate inputs; global valuechains; gains from trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Automatisierung, Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigungsstrukturen in der Automobilindustrie
    eine kurze Geschichte vom Anfang der 1990er bis 2018 = Automation, digitalization and changing occupational structures in the automotive industry
    Author: Krzywdzinski, Martin
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Berlin, Germany

    In der gegenwärtigen Diskussion gilt es als sicher, dass wir in einer Zeit rasant fortschreitender Automatisierung leben, die insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Robotern vorangetrieben wird. Die Roboterdichte gilt dementsprechend in vielen... more

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    In der gegenwärtigen Diskussion gilt es als sicher, dass wir in einer Zeit rasant fortschreitender Automatisierung leben, die insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Robotern vorangetrieben wird. Die Roboterdichte gilt dementsprechend in vielen Publikationen als der zentrale Indikator der Automatisierung. Die vorliegende Studie stellt diese Argumentation in Frage. Sie untersucht zwei zentrale Fragen: Erstens, welche Ansätze der Automatisierung und Digitalisierung werden in der Automobilindustrie in Deutschland, Japan und den USA verfolgt? Zweitens, wie haben sich die Beschäftigung und ihre Zusammensetzung nach Tätigkeitsgruppen in der Automobilindustrie in den drei Ländern entwickelt? Der erste Teil der Studie fokussiert auf die Entwicklung der Automatisierungs- und Digitalisierungsansätze in der Automobilindustrie seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre bis heute. Er kombiniert eine qualitative Analyse der Fachpresse der Automobilbranche sowie eine quantitative Auswertung der Entwicklung des Roboterbestands von 1993 bis 2018 basierend auf den Statistiken der International Federation of Robotics. Im zweiten Teil der Studie wird der Wandel der Beschäftigungsstrukturen anhand von Berufsstatistiken des Bureau of Labor Statistics (USA), der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Deutschland) und des Statistics Bureau of Japan untersucht. Die Studie stellt die Wahrnehmung einer automatisierungsbedingten Bedrohung von Beschäftigung und insbesondere von Produktionsbeschäftigung in Frage. Sie diskutiert zugleich die Entwicklungen in Deutschland, Japan und den USA im Vergleich und verdeutlicht Unterschiede der Automatisierung- und Digitalisierungsansätze sowie auch unterschiedliche Pfade des Wandels von Beschäftigungsstrukturen. In the current public discussion, it is considered certain that we live in a time of rapidly advancing automation, which is driven in particular by the use of robots. Accordingly, many academic publications use robot density as the central indicator of automation. The present study challenges this perspective. It examines two central questions: First, what approaches to automation and digitalization are being pursued in the automotive industry in Germany, Japan and the USA? Second, how have employment and its occupational composition in the automotive industry developed in the three countries? The first part of the study focuses on the development of automation and digitalization approaches in the automotive industry from the early 1990s until today. It combines a qualitative analysis of press articles and a quantitative evaluation of the development of the stock of industrial robots from 1993 to 2018 based on the statistics of the International Federation of Robotics. The second part of the study focuses on the change in employment structures using occupational statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (USA), the Federal Employment Agency (Germany) and the Statistics Bureau of Japan. The study questions the perception of an automation-related threat to employment and especially to production employment. At the same time, it discusses developments in Germany, Japan and the USA in comparison and highlights differences in automation and digitalization approaches as well as different paths of change in employment structures.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/221758
    Series: Discussion paper / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt: Digitalisierung und gesellschaftlicher Wandel, Forschungsgruppe: Globalisierung, Arbeit und Produktion ; SP III 2020, 302 (Juni 2020)
    Subjects: Automatisierung; Digitalisierung; Roboter; Industrie 4.0; Beschäftigung; Berufsstatistik; Automobilindustrie; Automation; digitalization; robots; Industry 4.0; employment; occupational statistics; automotive industry
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Robotization, internal migration and rural depopulation in Austria
    Author: Bekhtiar, Karim
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Wien

    Internal migration flows from rural to urban areas have greatly contributed to population declines in many rural areas across both Europe and the US. At the same time there is mounting evidence for a tight connection between internal migration and... more

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    Internal migration flows from rural to urban areas have greatly contributed to population declines in many rural areas across both Europe and the US. At the same time there is mounting evidence for a tight connection between internal migration and shifts in labor demand, with the latter being heavily affected by the rise of automation technologies. Therefore this paper analyzes the effects industrial robotization has had on manufacturing employment and internal migration in Austria during the period 2003-2016, specifically focusing on rural-to-urban migration flows. The results show that robotization has caused significant declines in manufacturing employment to which populations reacted by increased out-migration. This migratory response takes the form of rural-to-urban migration, thereby contributing to population declines in many rural areas in Austria. These rural-to-urban movements are primarily driven by young and medium/low skilled individuals, i.e. those groups that bear the strongest shock incidence.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260595
    Series: IHS working paper ; 41 (June 2022)
    Subjects: Employment; internal migration; robots; rural depopulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The impact of robots on labour market transitions in Europe
    Author: Bachmann, Ronald; Gonschor, Myrielle; Lewandowski, Piotr; Madoń, Karol
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries between 1998-2017. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of... more

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    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries between 1998-2017. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country differences: the effects of robot exposure are generally larger in absolute terms in countries with low or average levels of labour costs than in countries with high levels of labour costs. These effects are particularly pronounced for workers in occupations intensive in routine manual or routine cognitive tasks, but are insignificant in occupations intensive in non-routine cognitive tasks. For young and old workers in countries with low levels of labour costs, robot exposure had a beneficial effect on transitions. Our results imply that robot adoption increased employment and reduced unemployment most in the European countries with low or average levels of labour costs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/263519
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15303
    Subjects: robots; technological change; tasks; labour market flows,Europe
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The impact of robots on labour market transitions in Europe
    Author: Bachmann, Ronald; Gonschor, Myrielle; Lewandowski, Piotr; Mandoń, Karol
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf, Germany

    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country... more

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    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country differences: the effects of robot exposure are generally larger in absolute terms in countries with low or average levels of labour costs than in countries with high levels of labour costs. These effects were particularly pronounced for workers in occupations intensive in routine manual or routine cognitive tasks, but were insignificant in occupations intensive in non-routine cognitive tasks. For young and old workers in countries with lower labour costs, robot exposure had a beneficial effect on transitions. Our results imply that robot adoption increased employment and reduced unemployment most in the European countries with low or average levels of labour costs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783863043872
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/253686
    Series: Discussion paper / Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ; no 388
    Subjects: robots; technological change; tasks; labour market effects; Europe
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Demography, growth and robots in advanced and emerging economies
    Author: Lanzafame, Matteo
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  EERI, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium

    This paper provides estimates of the impact of demographic change on labor productivity growth, relying on annual data over 1961-2018 for a panel of 90 advanced and emerging economies. We find that increases in both the young and old population... more

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    This paper provides estimates of the impact of demographic change on labor productivity growth, relying on annual data over 1961-2018 for a panel of 90 advanced and emerging economies. We find that increases in both the young and old population shares have significantly negative effects on labor productivity growth, working via various channels - including physical and human capital accumulation. Splitting the analysis for advanced and emerging economies shows that population ageing has a greater effect on emerging economies than on advanced economies. Extending the benchmark model to include a proxy for the robotization of production, we find evidence indicating that automation reduces the negative effects of unfavorable demographic change - in particular, population aging - on labor productivity growth.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/273047
    Series: EERI research paper series ; no 2022, 03
    Subjects: Demographic change; labor productivity; robots
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Robot adoption, worker-firm sorting and wage inequality
    evidence from administrative panel data
    Author: Faia, Ester; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.; Spinella, Saverio
    Published: 08 July 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP17451
    Subjects: Core-task biased technological change; sorting; between and within wage inequality; finite mixture models; Technology adoption; robots; shift-shares; assortative matching; Bertrandpoaching
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten)
  12. The impacts of robots on labour productivity
    a panel data approach covering 9 industries and 12 countries
    Author: Jungmittag, Andre; Pesole, Annarosa
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville

    Based on the expectation that the intensified use of robots contributes to the growth of labour productivity, this paper presents estimates of Cobb-Douglas production functions, using data for 12 EU countries and 9 manufacturing industries. The... more

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    Based on the expectation that the intensified use of robots contributes to the growth of labour productivity, this paper presents estimates of Cobb-Douglas production functions, using data for 12 EU countries and 9 manufacturing industries. The empirical results for the models pooling all available data confirm that stocks of robots per 1 million Euros non-ICT capital input contribute significantly to labour productivity growth in the period from 1995 to 2015. The results remain robust, when the whole observation period is split into two subsamples from 1995 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2015. Furthermore, the model is used to assess the impact of an increase of robots use on the labour productivity in each of the 9 manufacturing industries considered.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/231332
    Series: JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology ; 2019, 08
    Subjects: Automation; labour productivity; panel data; production function; productivitymeasurement; robots
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The behavioral economics of artificial intelligence
    lessons from experiments with computer players
    Author: March, Christoph
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is starting to pervade the economic and social life rendering strategic interactions with artificial agents more and more common. At the same time, experimental economic research has increasingly employed computer players... more

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    Artificial intelligence (AI) is starting to pervade the economic and social life rendering strategic interactions with artificial agents more and more common. At the same time, experimental economic research has increasingly employed computer players to advance our understanding of strategic interaction in general. What can this strand of research teach us about an AI-shaped future? I review 90 experimental studies using computer players. I find that, in a nutshell, humans act more selfishly and more rational in the presence of computer players, and they are often able to exploit these players. Still, many open questions prevail.

     
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    Edition: This version: October 21, 2019
    Series: Array ; no. 7926 (October 2019)
    Subjects: experiment; robots; computer players; survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Institutions, holdup and automation
    Author: Presidente, Giorgio
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper documents a positive relationship between labor-friendly institutions and investment in industrial robots in a sample of advanced economies. Institutions explain a substantial proportion of cross-country variation in automation. The... more

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    This paper documents a positive relationship between labor-friendly institutions and investment in industrial robots in a sample of advanced economies. Institutions explain a substantial proportion of cross-country variation in automation. The relationship between institutions and robots is stronger in sunk cost-intensive industries, where producers are more vulnerable to holdup. This suggests that automation is used by producers as a tool to thwart rent appropriation by labor.

     
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    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 7834 (September 2019)
    Subjects: automation; robots; holdup; institutions; unions; sunk costs; appropriability; bargaining; frictions; rents; technology adoption
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Have robots grounded the flying geese?
    evidence from greenfield FDI in manufacturing
    Author: Hallward-Driemeier, Mary; Nayyar, Gaurav
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, [Washington, DC, USA]

    For decades, manufacturers around the world have outsourced production to countries with lower labor costs. However, there is a concern that robotization in high-income countries will challenge this shifting international division of labor known as... more

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    For decades, manufacturers around the world have outsourced production to countries with lower labor costs. However, there is a concern that robotization in high-income countries will challenge this shifting international division of labor known as the "flying geese" paradigm. Greenfield foreign direct investment decisions constitute a forward-looking indicator of where production is expected, rather than trade flows that reflect past investment decisions. Exploiting differences across countries and industries, the intensity of robot use in high-income countries has a positive impact on foreign direct investment growth from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries over 2004-15. Past a threshold, however, increased robotization in high-income countries has a negative impact on foreign direct investment growth. Only 3 percent of the sample exceeds the threshold level beyond which further automation results in negative foreign direct investment growth and is consistent with re-shoring. For another 25 percent of the sample, the impact of robotization on the growth of foreign direct investment is positive, but at a rate that is declining. So, although these are early warning signs, automation in high-income countries has resulted in growing foreign direct investment for more than two-thirds of the sample under consideration. Some geese may be slowing, but for now, most continue to fly

     
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 9097
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Automation; robots; foreign direct investment; global value chains; flying geese paradigm
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Unpacking skill bias: automation and new tasks
    Author: Acemoglu, Daron; Restrepo, Pascual
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Boston University - Department of Economics, [Boston, MA]

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    Series: [IED working papers] ; 334
    Subjects: automation; demand for skills; displacement; inequality; labor share; new tasks; productivity; reinstatement; robots; skill-biased technological change; skill premium; tasks; task content of production; wage structure
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Competing with robots
    firm-level evidence from France
    Author: Acemoglu, Daron; Lelarge, Claire; Restrepo, Pascual
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Boston University - Department of Economics, [Boston, MA]

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    Series: [IED working papers] ; 335
    Subjects: automation; competition; labor share; manufacturing; productivity; reallocation; robots; tasks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Robots and worker voice: an empirical exploration
    Author: Belloc, Filippo; Burdín, Gabriel; Landini, Fabio
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The interplay between labour institutions and the adoption of automation technologies remains poorly understood. Specifically, there is little evidence on how the nature of industrial relations shapes technological choices at the workplace level.... more

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    The interplay between labour institutions and the adoption of automation technologies remains poorly understood. Specifically, there is little evidence on how the nature of industrial relations shapes technological choices at the workplace level. Using a large sample of more than 20000 European establishments located in 28 countries, this paper documents conditional correlations between the presence of employee representation (ER) and the use of automation technologies. We find that ER is positively associated with robot usage. The presence of ER also correlates with the utilization of software-based artificial intelligence tools for data analytics. We extensively dig into the mechanisms through which ER may foster the use of robots by exploiting rich information on the de facto role played by ER bodies in relation to well-defined decision areas of management. Greater automation in establishments with ER does not seem to result from more adversarial employment relationships (as measured by past strike activity) or constraints on labour flexibility imposed by the interference of employee representatives with dismissal procedures. Interestingly, the positive effect of ER on robot usage is driven by workplaces operating in relatively centralized wage-setting environments, where one would expected a more limited influence of ER on wages. While our findings are exploratory and do not have a causal interpretation, they are suggestive that ER influences certain workplace practices, such as skill development, job redesign and working time management, that may be complementary to new automation technologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227326
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13799
    Subjects: automation; robots; artificial intelligence; unions; employee representation; labor market institutions; European Company Survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Robot imports and firm-level outcomes
    Author: Bonfiglioli, Alessandra; Crinò, Rosario; Fadinger, Harald; Gancia, Gino Alessandro
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We use French data over the 1994-2013 period to study how imports of industrial robots affect firm-level outcomes. Compared to other firms operating in the same 5-digit sector, robot importers are larger, more productive, and employ a higher share of... more

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    We use French data over the 1994-2013 period to study how imports of industrial robots affect firm-level outcomes. Compared to other firms operating in the same 5-digit sector, robot importers are larger, more productive, and employ a higher share of managers and engineers. Over time, robot import occurs after periods of expansion in firm size, and is followed by improvements in efficiency and a fall in demand for labor. Guided by a simple model, we develop various empirical strategies to identify the causal effects of robot adoption. Our results suggest that, while demand shocks generate a positive correlation between robot imports and employment, exogenous changes in automation lead to job losses. We also find that robot imports increase productivity and the employment share of high-skill professions, but have a weak effect on total sales. The latter result suggests that productivity gains from automation may not be entirely passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices.

     
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    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8741 (2020)
    Subjects: automation; displacement; firms; robots
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Competing with robots
    firm-level evidence from France
    Author: Acemoglu, Daron; Lelarge, Claire; Restrepo, Pascual
    Published: 30 June 2020
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP14971
    Subjects: automation; competition; labor share; manufacturing; productivity; reallocation; robots; tasks
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. What is so special about robots and trade?
    Author: Alguacil Marí, María Teresa; Lo Turco, Alessia; Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada
    Published: [12/2020]
    Publisher:  Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research, cege, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, [Göttingen/Germany]

    We estimate the effect of the introduction of robots on the intensive and extensive margins of exports using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 1994-2014. The empirical strategy used to identify the causal impact of robot... more

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    We estimate the effect of the introduction of robots on the intensive and extensive margins of exports using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 1994-2014. The empirical strategy used to identify the causal impact of robot adoption on the firm level export performance consists on combining propensity score matching (PSM) and difference in differences (DID) techniques. The results show that firms that start to use robots experience a sharp increase in their export probability, export sales and share of exports in total output and this result is robust to a wide array of checks. Robot adoption not only helps firms to start exporting and moves their specialisation towards intermediate products, but also favours export survival and export sales of exporting firms. The main results are driven by firms active in non-comparative advantage industries facing higher export sunk costs and market penetration costs and by those specialised in the production of intermediates, which can explain the increasing participation of Spain in global value chains. Inspection of the transmission channels suggests that the positive impact of robot adoption on exports could be driven by its positive effect on firm TFP and import probability.

     
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    hdl: 10419/228539
    Series: Discussion papers / Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research ; number 410 (December 2020)
    Subjects: robots; firm; exports; imports; intensive margin; extensive margin; PSM; DID
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Robot adoption at German plants
    Author: Deng, Liuchun; Plümpe, Verena; Stegmaier, Jens
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) - Member of the Leibniz Association, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Using a newly collected dataset of robot use at the plant level from 2014 to 2018, we provide the first microscopic portrait of robotisation in Germany and study the potential determinants of robot adoption. Our descriptive analysis uncovers five... more

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    Using a newly collected dataset of robot use at the plant level from 2014 to 2018, we provide the first microscopic portrait of robotisation in Germany and study the potential determinants of robot adoption. Our descriptive analysis uncovers five stylised facts concerning both extensive and, perhaps more importantly, intensive margin of plant-level robot use: (1) Robot use is relatively rare with only 1.55% German plants using robots in 2018. (2) The distribution of robots is highly skewed.(3) New robot adopters contribute substantially to the recent robotisation. (4) Robot users are exceptional along several dimensions of plant-level characteristics. (5) Heterogeneity in robot types matters. Our regression results further suggest plant size, low-skilled labour share, and exporter status to have strong and positive effect on future probability of robot adoption. Manufacturing plants impacted by the introduction of minimum wage in 2015 are also more likely to adopt robots. However, controlling for plant size, we find that plant-level productivity has no, if not negative, impact on robot adoption.

     
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    hdl: 10419/228627
    Edition: This draft: January 2021
    Series: IWH discussion papers ; 2020, no. 19 (October 2020)
    Subjects: robots; robot adoption; automation; labour; productivity; plant-level
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 29 Seiten), Diagramme
  23. Will the AI revolution cause a great divergence?
    Author: Alonso, Cristian; Berg, Andrew; Kothari, Siddharth; Papageorgiou, Chris; Rehman, Sidra
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper considers the implications for developing countries of a new wave of technological change that substitutes pervasively for labor. It makes simple and plausible assumptions: the AI revolution can be modeled as an increase in productivity of... more

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    This paper considers the implications for developing countries of a new wave of technological change that substitutes pervasively for labor. It makes simple and plausible assumptions: the AI revolution can be modeled as an increase in productivity of a distinct type of capital that substitutes closely with labor; and the only fundamental difference between the advanced and developing country is the level of TFP. This set-up is minimalist, but the resulting conclusions are powerful: improvements in the productivity of 'robots' drive divergence, as advanced countries differentially benefit from their initially higher robot intensity, driven by their endogenously higher wages and stock of complementary traditional capital. In addition, capital-if internationally mobile-is pulled 'uphill', resulting in a transitional GDP decline in the developing country. In an extended model where robots substitute only for unskilled labor, the terms of trade, and hence GDP, may decline permanently for the country relatively well-endowed in unskilled labor

     
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  24. Robot adoption at German plants
    Author: Deng, Liuchun; Plümpe, Verena; Stegmaier, Jens
    Published: [15. Oktober 2020]
    Publisher:  Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) - Member of the Leibniz Association, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Using a newly collected dataset with plant-level information of robot use from 2014 to 2018, we provide the first microscopic portrait of robotisation in Germany and study the potential determinants of robot adoption. Our descriptive analysis... more

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    Using a newly collected dataset with plant-level information of robot use from 2014 to 2018, we provide the first microscopic portrait of robotisation in Germany and study the potential determinants of robot adoption. Our descriptive analysis uncovers five stylised facts concerning both extensive and, perhaps more importantly, intensive margin of plant-level robot use: (1) Robot use is relatively rare with only 1.55% German plants using robots in 2018. (2) The robot distribution is highly skewed. (3) New robot adopters contribute substantially to the recent robotisation. (4) Robot users are exceptional along several dimensions of plant-level characteristics. (5) Heterogeneity in robot types matters. Our regression results further suggest that plant size, low-skilled labour intensity, and exporter status all have strong and positive effect on future probability of robot adoption. However, controlling for plant size, we find that plant-level productivity has no, if not negative, impact on robot adoption.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/225265
    Series: IWH discussion papers ; 2020, no. 19 (October 2020)
    Subjects: robots; robot adoption; automation; labour; productivity; plant-level
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 28 Seiten, 3,19 MB), Diagramme
  25. The impact of robot adoption on global sourcing
    Author: Cilekoglu, Akin A.; Moreno, Rosina; Ramos, Raúl
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper studies the impact of robot adoption on firms' global sourcing activities. Using a rich panel dataset of Spanish manufacturing firms, we show that robot adopting firms increased their intermediate input purchases from foreign and domestic... more

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    This paper studies the impact of robot adoption on firms' global sourcing activities. Using a rich panel dataset of Spanish manufacturing firms, we show that robot adopting firms increased their intermediate input purchases from foreign and domestic suppliers between 2006 and 2016. The effects of robots differ across sourcing strategies: the highest in foreign outsourcing and the lowest in foreign vertical integration. We find that robot adopters fragment their production further by reducing the concentration of purchases from suppliers and the increase in intermediate input purchases is related to quality upgrading to a certain extent. Marginal treatment effects estimates suggest that responses to adoption are heterogeneous: higher probability of adoption intensifies the effects on outsourcing and weakens the effects on vertical integration. In contrast to rising concerns over reshoring, our findings suggest that robots have yet promoted trade in intermediate inputs.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/236286
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14255
    Subjects: robots; reshoring; trade; production fragmentation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen